Name: _____________________Pd:___ Due Date _______________

AMSCO Unit 4 - Ch 8 Reading Guide - Political Processes and Power

AMSCO Textbook, pgs.192-212 Topics 4.1-4.3 All terms must be defined from the AMSCO book.

Topic 4.1 Introduction to Political Geography

Essential Question:

The Structure of the Contemporary Political Map

1. _________________: is often used to describe any political entity that is independent from the control of any other entity.

Independent States as Building Blocks

2. To be defined as a state, several criteria must be met:
a. has a defined ______________________
b. contains a permanent _____________________
c. maintains _____________________(defined below) over its domestic and international affairs
d. is recognized by other states
3. Define Sovereignty:

4. The Example of China - Consider the complicated relationship between the People’s Republic of China and the nearby island of
______________ (the Republic of China).

Types of Political Entities

5. A _______________________ is a group of people who have certain things in common:

a. a common cultural ______________________
b. a set of __________________ and values that _______________them
c. a traditional claim to a particular ___________________ as their homeland
d. a desire to establish their own state or express _______________________ in another way
6. Define Nation-States:

7. Define Multinational States:

8. Give two examples of a multinational state:

9. Define Autonomous Regions:

10. Give two examples of autonomous regions:

11. Define Semiautonomous Regions:

12. Give an example of two semiautonomous regions:

13. Define Stateless Nations:

14. The largest stateless nation belongs to the

_______________________ people. Spread among six
states in southwest Asia—_________________, Armenia,
________________, Iran, Azerbaijan, and
___________________.

15. Define Multistate Nations:  

 16. Give an example of multistate nations:

Topic 4.2 Political Processes

Essential Question:

17. The United Nations officially recognizes ________________ member states.

Evolution of the Contemporary Political Map

The Modern Nation-State Concept-
18. and people who spoke various _______ of Italian in the _____ did not assume that they should all be _______ of the same _________.
Forces Unifying and Breaking Apart Countries

19. Define Nationalism:

20. A few examples of centripetal forces may be:

a. a shared ________________—Roman Catholicism unites Mexicans
b. ________________________—Estonians are united by fear of Russia
c. a _____________________________ —Japanese share the same language

Imperialism and Colonialism

21. Define Imperialism:

22. Define Colonialism:

23. What is the major difference between Imperialism and Colonialism?

24. Early Colonialism - The first wave of European colonialism was led by Spain and __________________, and then by
______________and Britain.
a. _____________________ influence by spreading their form of __________________
b. economic wealth from _____________ land, ______________, and capital to enrich the home country
c. political power by expanding their _____________________ throughout the world
25. Later Colonialism - The _________________________, sometimes known as the Congo Conference, used these claims to form state
boundaries in Africa.
26. These boundaries showed little regard to the existing ethno-linguistic, _______________, and ________________ boundaries.

Geopolitical Forces Influencing Today’s Map

Modern Colonial Independence Movements
a. economic control over natural resources such as petroleum and precious metals
b. political power through free elections
c. social changes such as racial equality and religious freedom
27. Define Self-Determination:

28. Define Decolonization:

Civil Wars in the Developing World

29. From ________ through ___________, 32 colonial territories in

__________ gained independence.
30. Define Genocide:

The Cold War and Devolution

31. Define The Cold War: (include dates of when it began and when
it ended)
 32. Define Satellite States:

The Collapse of Communism

33. Define Devolution:

Newly Independent States

34. The collapse of communism and the Soviet Union resulted in the creation of ___________ independent states from former Soviet
republics, with _________________ as the largest.
35. in 1993, ___________________ divided into the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia, predominantly along ethnolinguistic lines.
This event has been called the “______________ Divorce,” since the transition was so smooth.
36. However, the breakup of _____________________________ in 1991 was complicated and violent.
37. Define Ethnic Cleansing:

38. Define Shatterbelt:

39. What happened in Crimea in 2014?

Topic 4.3 Political Power and Territoriality

Essential Question:

40. Define Geopolitics:

41. A key concept in geopolitics is _______________, or a willingness by a person or a group of people to defend space they claim.
42. One example of the connection of territoriality to culture is the relationship between ___________ and ___________ Muslims.
43. In recent years, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam, Taiwan, and China have claimed sovereignty over the
_______________Islands—an isolated group of islands in the South China Sea.

Neocolonialism
44. Define Neocolonialism:

45. Summarize in your words Modern Globalization:

46. Define Choke Points:

47. Using the map, identify countries that have over 15% Shia population?
48. Using the map, identify the three choke points.

49. Explain the

importance
of
chokepoints
for oil and
other
globally
traded goods.