1MMATH

SOME IMPORTANT POINTS OF 1 MARK QUESTIONS IN PUBLIC SSC

EXAMINATION
 1. Real Numbers
KEY POINTS AND CONCEPTS
1. The Father of Real Numbers is Georg Cantor.
2. An algorithm is a series of well-defined steps which gives a procedure for solving a type of
problem.
3. A lemma is a proven statement used for proving another statement.
4. Euclid’s Division Lemma : Given positive integers a and b, there exist unique integers q and r
satisfying a = bq + r, 0 ≤ r < b.
5. To obtain the HCF of two positive integers, say c and d, with c > d, follow the steps below:
Step 1 : Apply Euclid’s division lemma, to c and d. So, we find whole numbers, q and r such
that c = dq + r, 0 ≤ r < d.
Step 2 : If r = 0, d is the HCF of c and d. If r ≠ 0, apply the division lemma to d and r.
Step 3 : Continue the process till the remainder is zero. The divisor at this stage will be the
required HCF.
6. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic : Every composite number can be expressed
(factorised) as a product of primes, and this factorisation is unique, apart from the order in
which the prime factors occur.
7. The first and correct proof of Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic is given by Carl Friedrich
Gauss.
8. HCF of the numbers = Product of the smallest power of each common prime factor in the
numbers.
9. LCM of the numbers = Product of the greatest power of each prime factor, involved in the
numbers.
10. For any two positive integers a and b, HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b.
HCF of Numerator
11. HCF of Fractions = .
LCM of Denominator
LCM of Numerator
12. LCM of Fractions = .
HCF of Denominator
13. Let p be a prime number. If p divides a 2 , then p divides a, where a is a positive integer.
14. Let x be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates. Then x can be expressed in
p
the form , where p and q are coprime, and the prime factorisation of q is of the form 2m 5n
q
, where n, m are non-negative integers.
p
15. Let x = be a rational number, such that the prime factorisation of q is of the form 2m 5n ,
q
where n, m are non-negative integers. Then x has a decimal expansion which terminates.
p
16. Let x = be a rational number, such that the prime factorisation of q is not of the form 2m 5n
q
, where n, m are non-negative integers. Then x has a decimal expansion which is non-
terminating recurring (repeating).
17.

18. Twin prime is defined as the pair of primes that has a difference of 2
19. Co-prime is defined as the pair of primes that has the highest common factor as 1
20. 0 is neither positive nor negative.
21. 1 is neither prime nor composite.
22. 2 is the only even prime.
23. π and e are the common examples of transcendental numbers.
24. Transcendental number is a number that is not algebraic, not a root of any integral
polynomial.
25. The irrational number is defined as the number which cannot be written in the form of p/q.
For example: 0.101001000…, 3.141596718…, etc.
26. Every square root of non perfect square is an irrational number.
27. All transcendental real numbers are irrational numbers.
28. Sum of a rational number and an irrational number is an irrational number.
29. Difference of a rational and an irrational number is an irrational number.
30. Product of non zero rational and an irrational number is an irrational number.
31. Quotient of a non zero rational and an irrational number is an irrational number.
32. The sum of the two irrational numbers need not to be irrational.
33. The product of two irrational numbers need not to be irrational.
34. A rational number between two rational numbers a and b is a+b/2.
35. An irrational number between two rational numbers a and b is √ ab . Note that this is not
valid for all cases.
36. A logarithm is defined as the power to which a number must be raised to get some other
values.
37. The theory of logarithm is obtained from the theory of indices.
38. Logarithms are used for all sorts of calculations in engineering, science and economics.
N
39. If a x =N is the exponential form, then the logarithmic form is x=log a where a ≠ 1 (a > 0),
and N>0 for some a, N ϵ R.
 xy x y
40. First law: log a =log a + log a
x
41. Second law: log y =log x −log y
a a a
m
x x
42. Third law: log =m. log
a a
x 1
43. Fourth law: log a= a
log x
x logx
44. Fifth law: log a=
loga
45. The integral part of a logarithm is called the characteristic and the fractional part (decimal
part) is called mantissa. i.e., log N = Integer + Fractional or decimal part (+ ve).
46. Mantissa always lies b/w 0 and 1.
47. If the characteristic is n then the number of digits are n+1.