GHANA COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY

JOSEPH BOATENG

INDEX NO. 4311210101

WEEKEND SESSION

ACCRA CAMPUS

LEVEL 100

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION/ HRM

BUS 174: LOGIC AND CRITICAL THINKING

END OF SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION, OCTOBER, 2021

SECTION A

QUESTION 1

This is not an argument but a statement where the speaker remarks that women are naturally fitted for the
roles of nurse and children's teacher. This passage is a problem question because of the use of confusing
words and claim.

Women are to care and love their children but not to be hard on them. Women being hard on their
children will push their children away from them and it will be difficult for them to share their problems
with them. Women should also be hard working and not lazy because the children are learning from them.

QUESTION 2

Children see photograph of a pile of discarded drinks containers as prize-winning modern

art. The student did not see the photograph as garbage but rather see it as something precious to
them and it was their wish it was given to them as an award.

QUESTION 3

This argument is Inductive.

It is inductive because the conclusion is making a probabilistic generalization about us human

beings. The word "quite properly" in the first sentence indicates that the conclusion in this
argument is false.

Inductive argument is an argument that is intended by the arguer to be strong enough that, if the
premises were to be true, then it would be unlikely that the conclusion is false

Premise 1: We are an intelligent species and the use of our intelligence quite properly gives us
pleasure.

Premise 2: When it is in use we feel very good.

Premise 3: Understanding is joyous

In this respect the brain is like a muscle

Standard form:
1. We are an intelligent species and the use of our intelligence quite properly gives us pleasure.

2. When it is in use we feel very good.

3. Understanding is joyous

Therefore
In this respect the brain is like a muscle

QUESTION 4

No one has anything to fear, the police are there to protect.

Yes, it’s an argument, because the police are there to protect so they have to give them the
random stop-and-search power as long as they have nothing to hide.

SECTION B

QUESTION 1

With the emergence of digital technology, all types of information are being published in the public
interest. The publishers had control over publishing the information in the past. The internet has given
the public freedom of information and really make things easier and it has come to stay.

QUESTION 2

A. Argument in standard form:

1: Foreign students experience.
2: They also spend money on extra tuition like learning the foreign language of the
country they are in now.
3: They end up spending more than the locals on food and clothing.
4: They are unfamiliar with the new environment.
5: They do not enjoy certain benefits meant for the local citizens.
Therefore,
6: It is wrong to charge foreign students higher fees than other students.
 Argument in diagram:

1
2 3 4 5

B. Argument in standard form:

1: Freedom of information helps people to speak without fear.
2: It promotes free speech.
3: It helps information to spread
4: It makes people become knowledgeable.
5: It gives voice to the voiceless.
Therefore,
6: Freedom of information is in the public interest.

Argument in diagram:

1
2 3 4 5

C. Argument in standard form:

1: The internet can be accessed anywhere a satellite reaches
2: The internet has never ceased operating ever since its initiation
3: It can be found in all continents.
4: Many people love to use the internet.
5: there has been a lot improvement in the internet.
Therefore,
6: The internet is here to stay.

Argument in diagram:

1
2 3 4 5
 6

QUESTION 3

Cell phones pose serious risks to their users. Several studies have shown a correlation between
cell phone use and the development of brain tumors. The international agency for research on
cancer classified cell phones as a possible cause of cancer.

Premise 1: The international agency for research on cancer classified cell phones as a possible
cause of cancer.

Premise 2: Several studies have shown a correlation between cell phone use and the development
of brain tumors

Therefore

Cell phones pose serious risks to their users

With these premises, the A condition has been satisfied.

R condition: Relevance
All the two premises are directly linked to the conclusion. So the R condition has been satisfied.

G condition: Adequate grounds

The premises have sufficient reason to support the conclusion. Therefore, the R condition is true.

With all three conditions true. The argument therefore is a Cogent Argument.