Ancient Athens - Birthplace of Demoracy A group of transitions from non-

democratic to democratic regimes

Each to rule and be ruled in return

USA, Britain, and France - examples of
Nearly 30 countries established at least consolidated democracies emerging
First Wave 1828 -1926
Ekklesia (People's Assembly) - supreme minimally democratic national institutions during the first nineteenth-century wave
over all causes) of democratization

These postwar democracies were

Highly Political Legal System
Flaws in Athen's Democracy
Athenian contribution to Western politics
Huntingson's three wave of Established democracies emerge after
introduced by the victorious allies, led by Examples - India, Israel, Japan, West
democratization Second Wave 1943 - 1962 1945 from the ashes of defeated Parties - leading democratic instrument
the USA and usually acting with the Germany
dictatorship
The principle of self-government did not support of domestic partners
Citizenship was restricted to a small elite Participation was not practice extensively Hardly an exercise in lean government
always lead to decisive and coherent policy
The collapse of communism in the Soviet
The end of right-wing dictatorships in The retreat of the generals in much of Examples - Southern and Eastern Europe,
Third Wave 1974-1991 Union and Eastern Europe at the end of Transformed the global political landscape
Southern Europe in the 70s Latin America in the 1980s Latin America, parts of Africa
Idea of citizen Democracy the 1980s

Democracy Origin of Democracy Forms of Democracy Waves of Democratization

Ekklesia (People's Assembly) - Symbol of Government by, and not just for, the
Direct Democracy State and society become one
Direct Democracy citizens - Principle of Direct Democracy

Desirable brake on democracy, served to

Representative Democracy Elected government Form of expression
Based on liberal philosophy in which
Liberal Democracy
states scope is restricted by constitution
Scapability - key strength of representative
democracy
Constitution - Supreme over all causes
Modify traditional ideas of representation
It seek to integrate the authority of
democratic government with limits on the
scope of their action
refine and enlarge the public view by
passing them through the medium of a
Representation
chosen body of citizens whose wisdom
may best discern the true interest of their
country
Both the representative and liberal
elements of modern democracy dilute the
original principle of self- rule
Liberal democracy is a democracy
Limited government - Central feature System of checks and balances Government of laws rather than men
disarmed

Political problems associated with an

Consolidated by one crucial test: A
New Democracy peaceful transfer of power through
election
illiberal inheritance
Difficulties facing new democracy
Economic problems caused by the
combination of limited development and
extreme iniquality
One that has not yet had time to
Potical Challenge, Economic Challenge,
consolidate; that is, democracy has not yet
and Challenge of Timing
become the only game in town

Consolidated democracy which provides

The outcome of free election is accepted
Established Democracy an accepted framework for political
by the losers as well as the winner
competition.

First - an elected party or leader sets the

framework for political competition, Illiberal or electoral democracy Power is concentrated in a few hands
The outcome than a return to governing in an illiberal fashion
Blend both democratic and authoritarian
Semi-Democracy authoritarianism for those new Operating methods of semi-democracies
elements
democracies that do not consolidate Second - an elected rulers have too little Power is shifted to the military,
Supervised or facade democracy
rather than too much power bureaucracy or top business group