Second Public School-Jbeil Class: Grade Nine

Teacher :Amal Reslan Subject: Biology

Exercise 1: (6pts) Transport of Respiratory Gases

Hemoglobin, which is a red protein rich in iron, makes up the majority of red blood cells
proteins.
Document 1 represents the percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas transported by
hemoglobin and plasma in the blood.
1- Compare
1.1- The percentage of
oxygen transported by
hemoglobin and plasma.
1.2- The percentage of carbon
dioxide transported by
hemoglobin and plasma.
2- Indicate the constituent of blood
that transports most of:
2.1- Carbon dioxide gas.
2.2- Oxygen gas.

Smoking leads to the inhaling of a toxic gas

named carbon monoxide (CO).To determine the
effect of CO gas on the transport of oxygen gas by
hemoglobin, the percentage of oxy-hemoglobin
(%) as a function of the concentration of carbon
monoxide gas (g/l) is represented in document2.

3- Transform the graph of document 2 into a

table.
4- Analyze the graph in document 2.
5- Draw out a conclusion concerning the
action of CO gas on hemoglobin.

Exercise 2: (5 pts) Gas Exchange in Tissues

The blood passes from the lungs to the organs through the heart. It transports oxygen gas in the
form of oxyhemoglobin. Then, at the level of the tissues oxyhemoglobin decomposes into oxygen
and hemoglobin. In order to study the direction of diffusion of oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas
at the level of the tissue, we measure the pressures of these two gases in the blood entering the
tissue and in the cells. The obtained values are given in document 1.
Pressure in mm of mercury
In the blood entering the
in the cells
tissue
Oxygen 100 30
Carbon dioxide 40 46
Document 1
1- Pose the problem at the origin of this experiment.
 2- Pick out:
2.1- The form of oxygen transported by the blood.
2.2- The statement that indicates that the combination of oxygen with the hemoglobin is
reversible.
3- Draw a histogram showing the pressures of oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas in the
blood entering the tissue and in the cells.
4- Compare the pressures of oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas in the blood entering the
tissue and the cells.
5- Draw out the direction of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood
entering the tissue and the cells.

Exercise 3: (5pts) Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell anemia is a disease characterized by an abnormal and non-functional formation of

hemoglobin, a molecule found on Erythrocytes, responsible for the transportation of oxygen gas.
The percentages of HbO8 (%) in a function of oxygen
pressure (mm of Hg) are measured in a healthy individual 1
and an anemic individual 2. The results are presented in
document 1.

1-1.1- Pick out from the text the cause of sickle cell
anemia.
1-1.2- Formulate a hypothesis that explains why the
percentage of oxyhemoglobin (HbO8) remains 10%
at 20 mm of Hg in individual 2.
2- Analyze the obtained results. Document1
3- “Oxygen gas binds rapidly and reversibly with hemoglobin “
3.1- Write the chemical equation that represents this statement.
3.2- Indicate the consequences of the variation of the percentage of oxyhemoglobin (HbO 8) on
the blood
color.

Exercise 4: (6 pts) Exchange of oxygen gas in the alveolus

The functional diagram below reveals the exchange of oxygen gas between blood and
pulmonary alveolus.
1-Construct a histogram that
shows the pressure of
oxygen gas [PO2] and that of
carbon dioxide gas [PCO 2 ]
in the various media
mentioned in the functional
diagram.

2-Explain why oxygen gas

diffuses in the direction
alveolus blood

3-Identify the color of blood

entering and leaving the
alveolus.
4- a- In what forms are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported by blood.
b- Write the corresponding chemical equations.