VICTORIAN CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION

2020

MATHEMATICAL METHODS (CBE) UNIT 3

SAC 1 – PART 1

S
MATHS TREK
THE WRATH OF KHANMOND

SOLUTIONS
Question 1 (20 marks)
Mr Schmock performs a scan on Deep Space Station 2B3 and finds that the current population of Triggles
in the station is 900. Having reviewed the video logs of Deep Space Station 2B3, he knows that the initial
population of the Triggles was 20 and that this occurred 28 hours ago.
Mr Schmock decides to model the growth of the Triggle population using an exponential function of the
form:
P(t ) = P0 e kt
where P is the population of the Triggle population, t, is the time, in hours, after the initial infection of the
Deep Space Station 2B3 and P0 and k are both positive, real constants.

a. Show that P0 = 20 and k = 0.135952 . 2 marks

20 = P0 e k (0) M1

20= P0 ×1 correct substitutions of

20
∴ P0 = (0,20) to show P0 = 20

900 = 20e k (28) M2

45 = e 28 k correct substitution of (28,

900) and working out to
28k = log e (45) show k = 0.135952
1 must include log
=k log e (45) ≈ 0.135952 expression
28
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

The maximum capacity of Triggles that Deep Space Station 2B3 can handle is 20,000.
b. How much time, correct to the nearest hour, does Mr Schmock have remaining before the
population of Triggles reaches 20,000? 3 marks

𝑃𝑃(𝑡𝑡) = 20000 M1 statement

𝑡𝑡 = 50.8103 A1 time
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 A2 answer
= 50.8203 − 28
= 22.8201
≈ 23 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

It has taken an additional 14 hours after Mr Schmock’s original scan for the crew of the JMSS Enterprise
to be ready to broadcast traditional music from Lieutenant Checkovska’s homeland throughout Deep Space
Station 2B3.

c. Show that, after these additional 14 hours, the population of the Triggles on Deep Space
Station 2B3, to the nearest whole number, is 6037. 1 mark

𝑃𝑃(28 + 14) = P(42) A1 must state somewhere

= 6037.32 that new time is 42
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

After the broadcast of traditional music from Lieutenant Checkovska’s homeland begins, the Population of
Triggles on Deep Space Station 2B3 can be modelled by the new function, N, defined by the rule:

 6037e −0.1t , 0 ≤ t < 32

N (t ) = 
a + 10(t − 30) log e (2t − 29) , 32 ≤ t ≤ 500
where N is the population of living Triggles on Deep Space Station 2B3 and t is the time, in hours, after the
music is first played on the station.

d. Find the time taken, to the nearest hour, for the population of Triggles to reach a value that
is half of the initial population (when t = 0 ). 2 marks

6037 M1 either line is

𝑁𝑁(𝑡𝑡) =
2 acceptable
6037
6037𝑒𝑒 −0.1𝑡𝑡 =
2
𝑡𝑡 = 6.93 A1
≈ 7 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟

e. i. Find, correct to two decimal places, the average rate of change at which the population
of Triggles is decreasing between 2 and 10 hours. 1 mark

N (10) − N (2) A1
average rate of change = = −340.22
10 − 2
It is decreasing at a rate of 340.22 Triggles per hour.

ii. Find, correct to two decimal places, the instantaneous rate of change at which the
population of Triggles is decreasing at t = 10 hours. 1 mark

𝑑𝑑
(6037𝑒𝑒 −0.1𝑡𝑡 ) = −603.7𝑒𝑒 −0.1𝑡𝑡 |𝑡𝑡=10
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −222.09

It is decreasing at a rate of 222.09 Triggles per hour. A1 don’t penalise for

inclusion of negative
twice.
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

After 32 hours, the Triggles have become immune to the music and are starting to increase their population
again (albeit at a reduced rate). The population of Triggles starts to increase again according to the model
above.

f. Show that, correct to the nearest whole number, a = 175 . 2 marks

𝑡𝑡 = 32 𝑁𝑁 =? A1 obtain value of N to
𝑁𝑁(32) = 6037𝑒𝑒 −0.1(32) use to find a
= 246.081

𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 log 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑎𝑎 H1 must sub their N value
246.081 = 𝑎𝑎 + 10(32 − 30)𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (2(32) − 29) into the log eq to try to
𝑎𝑎 = 174.974 find a
≈ 175
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

g. Find the instantaneous rate of change of the Triggle population at t = 34 hours. 1 mark

𝑑𝑑
�𝑎𝑎 + 10(𝑡𝑡 − 30)𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (2𝑡𝑡 − 29)��𝑡𝑡=10
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
80
= + 10𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (39)
39
A1
80
Increase of + 10𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (39) Triggles per hour.
39

h. According to the model, how long, correct to the nearest hour, will it take for the population
of Triggles to return to the initial population size that it was at t = 0 ? 1 mark

𝑁𝑁(𝑡𝑡) = 6037
𝑡𝑡 = 136.618
A1
≈ 137 hours

i. According to the model, how long, correct to the nearest hour, will it take for the population
of Triggles to reach 20,000? 1 mark

𝑁𝑁(𝑡𝑡) = 20000 A1
𝑡𝑡 = 336.52
≈ 337 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Mr Schmock introduces a virus into some grain that the Triggles like to eat. The Virus will quickly kill off
any Triggles who ingest it and spread through the remaining population.

−39t 3 + 355t 2 − 1078t + 6037 , 0 ≤ t < 5


N 2 (t ) =  b −t
 a + 2034e 10 , t ≥5

where N 2 is the population of the Triggles population and t is the time, in hours, after the virus
introduced into the Triggle population.

j. Given that N 2 is smooth and continuous, find the values of a and b. 3 marks

If continuous, the two parts of the piecewise function meet at the same point when 𝑡𝑡 = 5. M1 recognise that eq1=eq2
𝑏𝑏−𝑡𝑡
at 𝑡𝑡 = 5 for continuity
−39𝑡𝑡 3 + 355𝑡𝑡 2 − 1087𝑡𝑡 + 6037 = 𝑎𝑎 + 2034𝑒𝑒 10 �
𝑡𝑡=5

If smooth, the two gradients of the piecewise function are the same at the point at 𝑡𝑡 = 5. M2 set gradients equal to
one another.
1017 𝑏𝑏−𝑡𝑡
−117𝑡𝑡 2 + 710𝑡𝑡 − 1078 = − 𝑒𝑒 10 �
5 𝑡𝑡=5

𝑎𝑎 = 117 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 = 5 + 10𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 �

755
� or 𝑏𝑏 = 5 + 5𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 �
570025
� A1
339 114921

k. Now that the virus has been introduced into the population, describe what will happen to
the Triggle population on Deep Space Station 2B3 in the long term. 2 marks

The population of Triggles will decrease… A1 recognition that the

population will decrease
towards a value

…before eventually reaching a plateau where there is a relatively constant number of 117 A2 recognition of
Triggles. asymptotic behaviour
approaching 117
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Question 2 (15 marks)

The JMSS Enterprise’s shield strength, S, can be modelled by the function

) log e (1 + x 2 )
S :[−3,3] → R; S ( x=

where x is the distance in metres from the ship’s hull.

a. On the axis provided below, sketch a graph y = S ( x) labelling all axis intercepts and
endpoints. 2 marks
M1 shape must be curved
not a V shape

A1 endpoints (exact values

only) and y value must be
between 2 and 3.

b. i. Show that the function S ( x) is an even function. 2 marks

𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑆𝑆(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑆𝑆(−𝑥𝑥) M1 statement of what an

even function is.

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑆𝑆(−𝑥𝑥) A1 must sub in -x for

= 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (1 + (−𝑥𝑥)2 ) answer mark.
= 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (1 + 𝑥𝑥 2 )
Do not award this mark if
= 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
computing both sides of
∴ 𝑆𝑆(𝑥𝑥) 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
the equation at once.

ii. Describe properties of the graph of S ( x) that make it an even function. 1 mark

Symmetric about the y-axis A1 either answer

acceptable
OR

When reflected in the y-axis, it is the same graph

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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Lieutenant Commander Philhura is concerned by the strength of the ships shields as it gets closer
to the hull and so decides to investigate the shield strength at some specific points.

c. i. Find the strength of the shield at the point where x = 2 metres. 1 mark

𝑆𝑆(2) = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (1 + 22 ) A1
= 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (5)

ii. Find the gradient of S ( x) at the point where x = 2 metres. 1 mark

2𝑥𝑥
𝑆𝑆 ′ (𝑥𝑥) =
1+𝑥𝑥 2
4
𝑆𝑆 ′ (2) = A1
5

Lieutenant Commander Philhura decides to try flicking the inverter switch on the shields to see if it will
make a difference to the shield strength but for some reason the inverter switch won’t work.

e. Explain why S ( x) does not have an inverse function. 1 mark

The function is not a one-to-one for this domain. A1

OR

This function is many-to-one

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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Lieutenant Commander Philhura contacts the ships chief engineer, Malcolm “Scotty” Anderson to ask
about the inverter switch and he tells her to first restrict the domain of S ( x) .

She proceeds to restrict the domain of S ( x) to create a new function f defined by the equation:

f :[a,3] → R; f ( x) =log e (1 + x 2 )

f. Find the smallest value of a for which the inverse function, f −1 ( x) , will exist. 1 mark

𝑎𝑎 = 0 A1

g. Show that the rule for f −1 (=

x) e x − 1 and state its domain. 3 marks

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) A1 must have a statement

that leads to x and y being
∴ 𝑓𝑓(𝑦𝑦) = 𝑥𝑥 swapped or equivalent

𝑥𝑥 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (1 + 𝑦𝑦 2 ) M1 must show the steps

𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = 1 + 𝑦𝑦 2 that lead to 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥)
𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 1 including the explicit
𝑦𝑦 = ±√𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 1 rejection of the negative
sign
Reject the 𝑦𝑦 = −√𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 1 as range of 𝑓𝑓 −1 is [0,3]

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑓𝑓 −1 : [0, 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (10)] A2 correct domain.

Lieutenant Commander Philhura flicks the inverter switch on and something strange happens to the strength
of the ships shield. She keeps on investigating…
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Let g (=
x) ex −1

g. Find g '( x) . 1 mark

𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 1 A1 accept either form

𝑔𝑔′ (𝑥𝑥) = (𝑒𝑒 − 1)−2
2
OR
𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
𝑔𝑔′ (𝑥𝑥) =
2√𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 1

1
h. i. Hence, show algebraically that g ' ( log e (5) ) = 1 . 1 mark
4
𝑒𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (5) A1 full working required
𝑔𝑔′ �𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (5)� =
2�𝑒𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑒 (5) − 1
5
=
2√5−1
5
=
2√4
5 1
= =1
4 4

ii. What is the connection between the result from part h.i. and your answer to part c.. 1 mark

They are the reciprocal of one another. A1

Note that students must make mention of reciprocal, NOT inverse of one another.
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Whilst Captain Kork and Mr Schmock interrogate Khanmond in the brig, Lieutenant Commander Philhura
begins to investigate the nature of the mysterious signal that is coming from the 1st Quadrant of the Unit
Ser’cul.

Question 3 (10 marks)

The mysterious signal, A( x) , coming from the 1st Quadrant of the Unit Ser’cul appears to be made up of
two different signals that are being added together such that

( x) B( x) + C ( x)
A=

π 
where B( x) = sin  x  and C ( x) = cos ( nx ) , where n is a positive real number.
2 

a. State the period of B ( x) . 1 mark

2𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋 A1
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = = 𝜋𝜋 = 4
𝑛𝑛
2

b. State the period of C ( x) in terms of n. 1 mark

2𝜋𝜋 A1
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 =
𝑛𝑛

From investigating the graph of A( x) , Lieutenant Commander Philhura identifies the period of A( x) is
exactly 12.

c. With reference to the periods of A( x) , B( x) and C ( x) , explain why the value of n must
2π π π
be either , or . 2 marks
3 3 6

When 𝑛𝑛 =
2𝜋𝜋
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 =
2𝜋𝜋
2𝜋𝜋 =3 M1 find periods of C(x)
3
3 for various n
𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
When 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝜋𝜋 =6
3
3

𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
When 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝜋𝜋 = 12
6
6

Period of 𝐵𝐵(𝑥𝑥) is 4. A1

If the period of C(𝑥𝑥)is 12, the periods of 𝐵𝐵(𝑥𝑥) and C(𝑥𝑥) must be divided into 12, which 3,
4,6, and 12 are.
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

 2π 
Lieutenant Philhura identifies that the equation of C ( x) = cos  x.
 3 

On the set of axes provided below are the graphs of B ( x) and C ( x) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 12 .

d. Use addition of ordinates to sketch the shape of A( x) over the domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 12 and on
the same set of axes provided below.

Note: You do not need to label any points of intersection between graphs, axis intercepts
or turning points, however each of these features should be represented accurately in your
sketch. 4 marks

General shape, 4 peaks and 4 throughs M1

Correct end points (0, 1) A1

2 absolute minimum turning point either side of absolute maximum but not reaching -2 A1

Maximum at (9, 2) A1

e. Explain why the graph of A( x) has an absolute maximum value of 2 but does not have a
absolute minimum value of −2 . 2 marks

- The max of 𝐵𝐵(𝑥𝑥) and 𝐶𝐶(𝑥𝑥) both occur when 𝑥𝑥 = 9, therefore, it makes the absolute A1
maximum of 2 (amplitude of 𝐵𝐵(𝑥𝑥) and 𝐶𝐶(𝑥𝑥) added together).

- There are no points on 𝐵𝐵(𝑥𝑥) and 𝐶𝐶(𝑥𝑥) where the minimum occur at the same time, therefore A2
there is no minimum of -2.
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Schmock arrives at engineering and begins to try to identify what the problem is with the warp drive. He
quickly identifies that the problem can be rectified but that he needs to enter the warp drive itself in order
to fix it. The warp drive, however, is currently flooded with deadly radiation.

Question 4 (18 marks)

After a quick scan, Schmock is able to see that the level of radiation in the warp drive is fluctuating
according to the rule:

 π 2π 
R(t ) =
30 − 21sin  − t
4 3 

where R is the radiation level in Sierverts and t is the time, in minutes after the scan is complete.

a. State the transformations which takes 𝑦𝑦 = sin(𝑡𝑡) to 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑅𝑅(𝑡𝑡). 2 marks

*Dilation by factor 21 from the t axis Note that lines in red are
*Reflection in the t axis vertical transformations
Translate 30 units in the positive direction of the R axis and can appear shuffled in
*Reflection in the R axis amongst the horizontal
3 transformations as long as
*Dilation by factor from the R axis
2π the order of vertical
3 transformations is
Translate units in the positive direction of the t axis preserved. The same can
8 be said for horizontal
OR transformations (in blue)
*Dilation by factor 21 from the t axis relative to vertical
*Reflection in the t axis transformations.
Translate 30 units in the positive direction of the R axis
There may be other
π combinations of
Translate units in the negative direction of the t axis
4 transformations that also
*Reflection in the R axis produce the correct
3 response and if given,
*Dilation by factor from the R axis
2π should be awarded full
OR marks.

30 adjacent lines with an

Translate units in the negative direction of the R axis asterix (*) can appear in
21 any order
*Dilation by factor 21 from the t axis
*Reflection in the t axis
Reflection in the R axis
π Deduct half a mark for
Translate units in the positive direction of the t axis each error or omission to
4 a maximum of 2 marks.

3
Dilation by factor from the R axis
2π
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

b. What is the initial radiation level, correct to 2 decimal places, in the warp drive? 1 mark

𝑅𝑅(0) = 15.15 A1

When the radiation level is above 20 Sierverts, it is considered unsafe for anyone to enter the warp drive.

c. Find the periods of time during the first four minutes when it is safe for Mr Schmock to
enter the warp drive. Give your answer correct to two decimal places. 2 marks

𝑅𝑅(𝑡𝑡) < 20 M1

𝑡𝑡 ∈ [0, 0.13] ∪ [2.12, 3.13] A1

d. Hence find, correct to the nearest second, the maximum amount of uninterrupted time that
Mr Schmock can safely remain in the warp drive during the first four minutes. 2 marks

△ 𝑡𝑡 = 3.14 − 2.11 = 1.03 M1

= 1 min 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 H1

OR Consequential marks
should be awarded if
62 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 students have correctly
used the values they have
found in part c.
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Unfortunately, the amount of time the Mr Schmock has to enter into the warp drive isn’t long enough for
him to be able to repair the drive without dying in the process. He attempts to manipulate the level of
radiation in the warp drive using some exotic matter that he had available to him.

The radiation level in the warp drive can now be modelled by the new equation RN which is obtained by
applying the transformation T to the function R where

  x   α 0  x
T   = 
  y   0 β   y 

and α and β are positive, real numbers that relate to the properties of the exotic matter.

e. Write the equation of RN in terms of α and β . 2 marks

Dilate factor 𝛼𝛼 from the y-axis A1 correct placement of 𝛼𝛼

in equation
Dilate factor 𝛽𝛽 from the x-axis
𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
𝑅𝑅(𝑡𝑡) = 30 − 21 sin � − 𝑥𝑥�
4 3 A2 correct placement of 𝛽𝛽
in equation
𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛 (𝑥𝑥) = 𝛽𝛽 �30 − 21 sin � − 𝑥𝑥��
4 3𝛼𝛼

OR
𝑥𝑥′ M1 expansion and
𝑥𝑥 ′ = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 ∴ 𝑥𝑥 = rearrangement of values
𝛼𝛼
from T
𝑦𝑦′
𝑦𝑦 ′ = 𝛽𝛽𝛽𝛽 ∴ 𝑦𝑦 =
𝛽𝛽

𝑦𝑦′ 𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥′

= 30 − 21 sin � − �
𝛽𝛽 4 3 𝛼𝛼

𝜋𝜋 2𝜋𝜋
𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛 (𝑥𝑥) = 𝛽𝛽 �30 − 21 sin � − 𝑥𝑥�� A1 correct substitution of
4 3𝛼𝛼 parameters into Rn
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

f. Describe the effect that increasing the value of α has on the graph of RN . 1 mark

- Dilates factor α from the y-axis and the increasing the period A1

- Each cycle of the graph, or each period, will be longer Dilation from R is enough,
no need to make mention
- Less cycles of the function in a given domain as the period will be “longer”. of the change to period

g. Describe the effect that increasing the value of β has on the graph of RN . 1 mark

It will increase the magnitude or size of the amplitude (or range) as well as increasing the A1
minimum value of RN Dilation from t is enough

The properties of the exotic matter are such that there is a relationship between the amount of exotic matter
that is being used, α , and the radiation dampening factor, β , of the exotic matter.

5α
This relationship can be described by the rule β = .
3π

h. i. Describe the effect of increasing the amount of exotic matter, α , on β . 1 mark

Increasing α , therefore increases, β , the dampening effect. A1

ii. Hence, describe how the graph of RN changes as α is increased. 1 mark

There will be a dilation from both axes, however, the dilation from the R axis (or y axis) will A1
not be as great as the dilation from the t axis (or x axis).
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Mr Schmock must try to find the value of α that will result in him having the greatest amount of
time in which to enter and repair the warp drive.

He now models the radiation level in the warp drive by the new function

5α  π  8t   
L(t ) =10 − 7 cos   3 +   
π   12  α 

i. Find the general solution for the times, t, at which L = 20 in terms of α . 3 marks

5𝛼𝛼 𝜋𝜋 8𝑡𝑡 M1 rearrange to get cosine

�10 − 7 cos � �3 + ��� = 20 on one side.
𝜋𝜋 12 𝛼𝛼
𝜋𝜋 8𝑡𝑡 1 4𝜋𝜋
cos � �3 + �� = �10 − �
12 𝛼𝛼 7 𝛼𝛼

𝜋𝜋 8𝑡𝑡
�3 + � = ±cos −1 � �10 −
1 4𝜋𝜋
�� + 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 , 𝑘𝑘 ∈ ℤ M1 must have 𝑘𝑘 defined as
12 𝛼𝛼 7 𝛼𝛼 an integer and both
solutions
1 4𝜋𝜋
±12𝛼𝛼 cos−1 �7�10− 𝛼𝛼 ��+24𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋−3𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 A1
𝑡𝑡 =
8𝜋𝜋

Using the result to part h. Mr Schmock is able to create the following equation for the amount of safe
time, T, in minutes that is available for him to enter the warp drive in terms of α .

3α  −1  2  2π 
T (α ) =+  π 2sin   − 5
2π  7 α 
4π
where 1 ≤ α ≤ .
3

j. Find the maximum amount of safe time that Schmock has in which to enter the warp drive
and conduct his repairs and state the corresponding value of α . Give all answers correct
to 3 decimal places. 2 marks

𝑇𝑇 ′ (𝛼𝛼) = 0 A1 correct 𝛼𝛼
𝛼𝛼 = 1.859

𝑇𝑇(1.85936) = 1.934 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 H1 correct T

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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

Question 5 (12 marks)

Khanmond is travelling towards a waypoint in space that, if he reaches it before the JMSS Enterprise, will
allow him to escape from Captain Kork forever. The JMSS Enterprise has only 4 hours to get there before
him.

Helmsman SuXu plots the position of the waypoint, W, on the set of axes below relative to the location of
the JMSS Enterprise at (0, 0) . Also shown on the axes is a region of space known as the “Great Rectangular
Nebula” which lies directly between the JMSS Enterprise, locate and the waypoint, W. This is represented
by the shaded region on the graph.

The JMSS Enterprise can travel at a speed of 3 light years per hour when not inside the nebula but at only
2 light years per hour inside the nebula.

a. Find the time, correct to the nearest minute, that it would take for the JMSS Enterprise to
travel in a straight line from (0, 0) directly towards the waypoint, W, at (7, 4) . 3 marks

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 M1
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 =
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 =
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
�(4)2 +(7)2
=
2

=
√65
= 4.03113 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 A1
2

≈ 242 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 A2 answer

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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

b. Find the time, to the nearest minute, that it would take for the JMSS Enterprise to travel
around the outside of the nebula by travelling in a straight line from (0, 0) directly towards
the point (0, 4) and from there directly towards the waypoint, W, at (7, 4) . 3 marks

𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 4 + 7 = 11𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 M1

11 M2
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
3
= 220 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 A1

Helmsman SuXu is not happy with either of these times and so investigates what might happen if she
were to travel outside of the nebula to a point Q and then travel directly from Q towards W.

The diagram below shows the proposed path towards W through Q as a dark, solid black line.

Let Q have the coordinates (q, 0) where q is a positive, real number.

c. Show that the total distance, D, that the JMSS Enterprise will travel along this path, in
terms of q, can be given by the D(q ) =+
q q 2 − 14q + 65 . 3 marks

𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑞𝑞 + �(7 − 𝑞𝑞)2 + (4)2 M1 correct substitution

into pythagoras’ theorem

= 𝑞𝑞 + �𝑞𝑞 2 − 14𝑞𝑞 + 49 + 16 M2 correct expansion of

quadratic in square root

= 𝑞𝑞 + �𝑞𝑞 2 − 14𝑞𝑞 + 65 M2 correct simplification

to get to answer
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2020 MATHS METHODS SAC 1 – PART 1

d. Hence find the coordinates of the point Q, correct to 4 decimal places, which will result in
the shortest time for the JMSS Enterprise to travel from (0, 0) directly towards the point Q
and from there directly towards the waypoint, W, at (7, 4) and state what this minimum
time is to the nearest minute. 3 marks

𝑇𝑇 ′ (𝑞𝑞) = 0 A1

𝑞𝑞 = 3.42229

𝑇𝑇 ′ (3.4229) = 3.82405 hours A2

= 229 minutes

Therefore the shortest time is actually going around the Nebula hence q=7 A3