S.

3 Geography - Map Reading

Scale:
Statement scale 1 cm to 1 km
Representative scale
1:5000；1:20000；1:10000000
Linear scale

Distance
(= distance on the map x scale)
1. straight-line distance measured the distance on the map, and then converted to actual distance on
the ground.
2. along the lines to curve away from the string, soft feet, or note to measure them, and then calculate
the proportion of the actual distance on the ground.

Direction
Compass point Reduced bearing – Measure from the north or
from the south.

Whole circle bearing – Measure from the north in clockwise direction.

Grid system
The vertical line from left to right – easting.
A bottom-up horizon – northing.
The use of four-digit grid square, e.g. expression of 2849.
The use of a six-figure grid reference, e.g. : 283,497.

1
Cross Section

2
3
Transect

Annotated cross-section

4
Profile

Vertical Exaggeration

(1cm/200m)
(1cm/200m)

=1