Name lee Te fou Foquene... 6 61 A Global shift in manufacturing industry ‘What is manufacturing industries? Manufacturing system (lass 36 (No. 27 ) Book 6 Industry 1 WY} used to make products 5S) energy (0202, N)_—_ people who workin @ factory (1708, 5W) help workers irnprove efficiency money to set up a factory carry products to market where factory was built NE} (ot02, NE 208. SW) « ™ where manufacturing takes place products where products are sole unwanted output 1 Unwanted ouput 2 ‘what goes into the manufacturing system \whal happens in the manufacturing system ‘what comes aut from the manufacturing syslemBook 6 Industry 2 B_ Types of industry 1 Primary industry obtains food and natural... from nature. repunes . ‘eg. (1) Fishing (2) F.. (3) Lumbering (4) M... D bom CD Hg, 2 Secondary industry uses raw .. to make ... anilerals, Srided. e.g. (5) T... (6) E... 7) Iron and stee! industry (8) Construction (dees Ou grin 3 Tertiary industry provides ... sonic cher i arog ©.g. (8) Retail (10) Nursing or: Teutiam. oo 4* — Quaternary industry generates and shares information. @.g. (11) Software development (12) Research and development (R&D) © Manufacturing industry 1 Inthe broad sense, industry refers to any activities that produce ... and : - 2 Inthe narrow sense, industry refers to ... industry or manufacturing industry. 3 Manufacturing process uses !.. to make goods in large quantity in factories. D_ Types of manufacturing industry > Study the production information of a pair of jeans and a car. Fillin the missing information. Cost of a pair of jeans Cost of a car Labourwages $68 ~—_Labour wages $ 1000 Land rent $ 2 Landrent $ 1000 Raw materials Raw materials = Cotton $10 -Steel $ 6000 = Others, $ 5 — - Others $ 15000 Power $5 Power $ 2000 Costof machines $10 Costofmachines $ 25000 ‘Area of a garment factory 1000 m? Area of acarfactory 1000000 m? Weight of raw materials 600 g Weight of raw materials 2.000 kg Weight of product, 400 9 Weight of product 4500 kg Total production cost Total production cost Percentage of labour cost Percentage of labour cost Percentage of machine cost ...__—_Percentage of machine cost 1 (1) Allight industry makes light and ... products, e.g. .. == to eal, sma. (2) Aheavy industry makes heavy and ... products, e.g. ... bulky ta) ral ial eg 2 (1) labour-intensive industry uses @ lot of labour, e.g. + shoe. mating (2) Acapital-intensive industry uses a lot of capital, e.g.Name... sie Cass 3. (No... .) Book 6 Industry 3 E Location factors of manufacturing industry A factory owner considers various location factors to reduce cost and increase profit Tey oe SS we (EG) ine Cheap about tions 1 Fruitcanning This industry uses raw material (fruit) that is porstable, . (A). Itis located near sources of ... Itis @ oriented industry, . Jaw, naval, 2 Newspaper printing This industry produces goods (newspaper) that is ca ated Its located near sources of ... It's a ...orlented industry. . 3 Garmentindustry This industry needs a lot of power... ° Its located near sources of ...Itis @....orlented industry... .jowo¥. 4 Aumirium eal, This industry needs alot of Itis located near sources of .. tis a ..oriented industry... zowe¥. 5 Milk processing —_This industry uses raw material (milk) that is .. potable, itis located near sources of ...Itis a ..oriented industry... saw, neta, 6 — Meat packing This industry uses raw material (meat) that is ... perishable, itis located near sources of... It is a...-oriented industry. . .ow mateyial, 7 Softdrink industry This industry produces goods (soft drink) that is itis located near sources of... It is a ..oriented industry. 8 Bakery This industry produces goods (bread) that i... Its located near sources of... Itis a ..-oriented industry. 9 Furniture making This industry produces goods (furniture) that is... Itis located near sources of ... Its a ..-oriented industry. 10 Glass making This industry produces goods (glass) that is Itis located near sources of ... tis a ...oriented industry. 11 Electronics The industry needs a lot of Itis located near sources of ...Itis a ...-oriented industry. 12 Shipbuilding The industry needs a lot of FPF Itis located near sources of... Itis a ...-oriented industry.Book 6 Industry 4 6.2 Where have our factories gone? A ROoN-=o ‘Manufacturing industry in Hong Kong in the 1950s and 60s «from mainland China provided a large pool of cheap ... Ottigeants . Qbbour. . . ‘Some of them were factory owners from Shanghal. They brought in ... and ... Cop opt . In the 1950s ~ 60s, ..intensive industries developed (e.g. textile, .. industry). Hong Kong has a deep natura. ana ee. pocy “Ohba @ pot... Its easy to ... raw materials and ... finished products. 38 4 @. Ovmt Qerpat .. factories were built in old urban areas in industrial areas (1) to (6) etc. * Slot Manufacturing industries in Hong Kong in the 1970s and 80s In the 1960s - 90s, new towns were built in the Now Territories. Industrial area (1) became Hong Kong's first new town. Flatted factories were built in new industrial areas in new towns (A) to (E). Industral... were set up in new towns (D) to (F) to attract high-tech industries (e.g. electronics industry) or ...intensive industries which need a lot of land. Industrial areas in Hong Kong Mark + and label industrial areas (A), (B), (C), (0) (E) (F) on the map. Flatted factories in old urban areas (1) wen. bv (2), $m i Kea Nelennenyes (©) oun, Sree 8 oe i ©) ‘tor hat . (6). Tseng. Bait. O.. (7) North Point (8) Western District (9) Hung Hom (10) Toi Kok Toul Flalted factories in new towns Sal, () Ten Han, © atin Industial estates in new towns (0) Ta fe.. ° re 3Name... c 1 2 Indstial location from Hong Kang tothe ZDR in the 18805 20s int t-te aos moves Re (209 Sane, ig agen factors ae favourable factor nthe ZOR tat. ators ME... (1) Labour ... were low There was a large pool of labour (2) Land ... were high. There was a lot of land for expansion. rents (3) China adopted ... policy in 19... and set up special economic zones. open. (78. (4) Government provided . (e.g, lower tax) to attract... investment. (5)... control was less strict. Production ... were low. Rilizton, (8), The ZDR is near Hong Kong. Factory owners know the place well factors are unfavourable factors in Hong Kong that make factories fish. (1) Labour... were high. There was not enough labour - oot. (2) Land ... were high. There was not enough land for expansion. «tats... (3)... control was strict. Production ... were high. Bilton / cos, Their ... remain in Hong Kong for management, design and head uasters. “ (1) Hong Kong still has better... network and ... infrastructure. . borgport Teahions, (2) Hong Kong still has better... level and high-quality managers, .. ete... edaeator. / arcana (3) Hong Kong stil has better... system and ... system /Frnancied In the past, production was carried out at one... We call this... production. . Ne. place. sinale-par... Today, production Is carried out at many We call this... production... dfferertt inl point Industrial relocation from the ZDR to other places since the 2000s Since the 2000s, many labour-intensive industries in the ZDR have moved (1) further inland in... (e.g. ... and Shaoguan), (2) to inland... in China (e.g. .., Jiangxi and Sichuan). (3) _ to other countries in SE Asia (e.g...) and South Asia (e.g...) U @ Toiniand areas of Guangdong + @ To the inland provinces © To South of South-east Asian countries @ ‘Remain in the ZDR an make. high valie-added products = Shaoguan 4 Heyuan ° | — Provincial boundary “(P| —— International boundary Labour ... and land ... have increased a lot. Production costs are high. costs, Hrents Government prefer... / high-tech industries. Government close labour-intensive /... industries (e.g. dyeing). pengBook 6 Industry 6 6.3 Does the shift in manufacturing activity occur in other places? ‘A Distribution of manufacturing industries in the world 1. Manufacturing industries in the world is... distributed. They ... in MDCs. _werenly. A Europe includes ... , France, UK, Italy etc, Weslem./ Germany B ... Europe Includes ... , Ukraine, Poland, ete. - Eastern. : C East Asia includes .../E/N/ NE China, ... $ Korea, ete. Sai. L Bp... D North America _includes Eastern Seaboard, Great Lakes Region, etc. . 2 The red line is called the North-South Divide. The ...is the developed world (MDCs). The ...is the developing world (LOCs). "Nast" /.“Sud”. 22800 km B Manufacturing industries in the USA 1 The Great Lakes Region was a major industrial ragion in the USA from 1850 to 1980. (1) Local supply of .. provided ... a (2) Local supply of ... provided (3) _ Five Great Lakes / St Lawrence ... provided ... water transport. (4) Big cities (¢.g. Chicago, Detroit) provided abundant ... and large .. 2 Location of industries in the Great Lakes Region (1) Iron and steel industry had to locate neat (2) Carmaking industry had to locate near... (raw material, e.g. ...(Y). %), \ fo 4 [Stee-\ ow Hee Pontes) me {gg bed hustle ) —RaO TORN ne am Global shift in manufacturing activity Atter 1980, many firms in MDCs moved their .. plants to LDCs, @.g. China, .. ‘These firms operate in many We call them ... corporations (TNCs). Production is carried out at many... We cal this ... production. MCs focus on high-skilled production processes, e.g. ... and product . LDCs focus on low-skilled production processes, e.g. simple ... and ‘TINGS sell goods worldwide. They enjoy ... of scale from ... production. This results in the ... in production. Countries have larger... with each other. Pull factors in LDCs Production costs (e.g. labour ... and land ...) in LDCs are lower LDCs set up special economic zones to provide ... to attract ... investment, e.g. no ... tax on machines / raw materials for industry, low profit... LDCs have rising living standards and become new ... for industrial goods. ‘TNCs can... to changes in local market... and taste more quickly. Factors facilitating global shift in manufacturing activity Improvements in ... (@.G. .. ship) lower transport costs. (1) Iron and steel industry no longer has to locate near .. / raw material (2) Car making industry no longer has to locate near .. Improvements in... (€.g. the .,) facilitate information flow. The ... of TNCs in MDCs can ... overseas branches in LDCs easily Class 3. (Na...) Book 6 Industry 7 lucton «Jad rere ee eked : Iewfeth peluctors,, malt polBook 6 Industry 8 6.4 What are the pros and cons of the global shift in manufacturing activity? A Benefits to LDCs 41 Cydle of economic growth (1) New factories provide ... opportunities and ... More people move in. (2) More money is spent on goods and ... More ... are opened. (3) Local... grows. Government collects more .. (4) Government has money to Improve ... and provide social... (8) More new ...is attracted to the area. New... are set up. : 2 People working in TNCs can learn production ... and... skill from MDCs. cee Problems to LDCs Air and water ... harm people's health and the natural... and ... areas are used to build factories. cee People work in sweatshops (Page 51) with poor conditions for long ... at low .. ena Benefits to MDCs MDGs focus on high ... industry (e.g. IT industry) or ... industry (e.g, finance). oe... Labour... increases. People enjoy higher ... and higher living standards. Products (of ... corporations) made in LDCs are more ... in world market. There is less ... because ... are closed. : . People can buy ... goods ... from LDCs produced by TNCs. HHRETR eee . Problems to MDCs Vicious circle economic decline Ag asensg (1) Factories closing reduce ... opportunites and ... People move out. (2) Less money is spent on goods and ... More ... are closed, (3) Local... dectines. Government collects less ... (4) Government has less money to maintain .. and provide social .. (8) Less new Unemployment leads to social problems, e.g. alcohol... abuse, ... problems. 3 Factories and homes are ... and run-down. This called urban .. attracted. More ... move away. People more aay f sie i ase eS Less tera feroal government Cycle of economic growth Vicious circle of economic dectineName (lass 3. (No...) Book 6 Industry Can industrial development be more sustainable? How LDGs solve the problems caused by industrial relocation LOGs pass ... to control air and water ... and close polluting industries. LDCs treat industrial ... properly, e.g. by building ... treatment works. . . LDCs develop industrial parks to attract high... industries. LDCs provide ... to encourage the use of ... technology. LDCs provide ... for people to work in high-tech or ... industry. How MDCs solve the problems caused by industrial relocation MDCs provide ... (e.g. lower ...) to attract new investment. MOCS ... old industria! areas into pleasant high... industrial areas, MDCs ... workers so that they can shift to high-tech industries. MOGs invest in... on production . that use less energy. cocceeee MDCs improve ... (2.9. improv .. and telecommunication). rs) a2 43 aS 81 B2 BS BS ‘Sustainable development ‘Sustainable development is development that meets the ... ofthe .. without ... the abilty of ... generations to meet We should find a balance between . growth Develop commerce and industry to provide ... and incorne. ir own needs. conservation Protect the environment and conserve natural equity Consider the needs of all people in society, e.g. the .. Sustainable industrial development How can the measures in A and B help achieve sustainable development? Puta v under to the corresponding principles of sustainable development. Economic Environmental Social How industial development in LDCs can be sustainable growth conservation equity Poliution control helps achieve Waste treatment helps achieve Developing industrial parks helps achieve .. : Fog Educating high-tech talents helps achieve : Encouraging clean industries helps achieve : , . Economic Environmental Social How industrial development in MDGs can be sustainable growth conservation equity Attracting new investment helps achieve : Redeveloping old industrial areas helps achieve .. ce : : . Retraining unemployed workers helps achieve : oe Developing green technology helps achieve .. fete Improving infrastructure helps achieveGass3....(No Oceans in trouble ‘Why are oceans important to us? ‘What benefits do oceans provide us? We catch fish, shrimps, ete. for .. We extract... and natural... under the seabed from offshore oil rig. We develop ... energy resources to generate ... which is clean and cheap. (1) We develop ... energy by building offshore wind. (2) We develop ... energy by installing ... turbines in the sea vee (3) We develop ... energy by building dams across river mouths. We extract... (e.g. ..) on the seabed as raw materials for industry. We extract ... e.g. sea ...) from seawater for industry and for food. ‘We use the sea for .. Sea transport is... than road and rail transport. ‘We go to beaches for .. (2.9. swimming). Dame Maritime climate We prefer living in coastal areas because they have more moderate climate. In summer, water absorbs heat more .... Coastal areas are ... Inwinter water loses heat more... Coastal areas are ... Annual range of temperature is ... Coastal areas have a... climate Insummer, land absorbs heat more... Inland areas are ... Inwintes, land loses heat more ... Inland areas are ... ‘Annual range of temperature is... Inland areas have a ... climate, Wet ... winds bring moisture, Coastal areas have higher annual . ) Book 8 Oceans 1 maritime continentalBook 8 Oceans 2 8.2 What are the problems caused by overfishing? ‘A What is a marine ecosystem? 1__Living things and their non-living environment interact to form an ecosystem, 2... components are living things, e.g. .... fish, shrimp, whale. 3... components are non-living things, e.g. ..., Seawater, dissolved gas, sand. . ren B Energy flow 1 Energy flow is the transfer of energy along the food chain. 2. is the primary source of energy input into a marine ecosystem. 3 (T+) (@4..... plankton) uses sun's energy to make food by photosynthesis. 4... (2) (@.g, shrimp) eat producers (T1). Some energy flows from T: to Tz 5 6 7 8 . (T3) (@.g. fish) eat primary consumers (T2). Some energy flows from Tz to Ts. « (€.9. ..) decompose dead living things. Some energy flows to decomposers. . Most energy is used by living things by ... and is lost as ... to the surrounding, ‘Only 10% of energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next, » Name the biotic components. Draw arrows to show the energy flow. 1st trophic level 2nd trophic level 3rd trophic level 4th trophic level oS ~ { \ ») ‘Sun ( | \ } ) — — Nutrient eyeting 1 Nutrient cycling is the circulation of nutrients (e.9. ... , carbon, oxygen). 2 Nutrients from rivers, seabed, and dissolved from the air enter the sea, 3... uses the nutrients to make food. 4... eat producers. Nutrients are passed along the food chain. 5 decompose all dead living things and return the nutrients to the sea. ween 6 > Nutrients returned to the sea are taken up by plants again. This is a... . Name the biotic components. Draw arrows to show the nutrient cycle, Air 1st trophic level 2nd trophic level ‘3rd trophic level 4th trophic level ~ ( ~\ Rivers ( ) | a, N_/ SeabedName « 1) (2) (3) (4) sa nam Class 3... (No.....--) Book 8 Oceans 3 Definition of overfishing Circle the renewable energy resources. Coat Hep oul Nuclear energy Solar energy Wind energy Natural gas ‘An energy resource is a non-renewable resource if tis used ... (faster / slower) than it can be formed again. Circle the renewable resources, Fish Glass, Grass Metal Rock Sail Tree Will these renewable / non-renewable resources be exhausted one day? Why? Matching Over-cutting occurs + + when grass. + + arecut + + faster than it can grow again, Overcultvation occurs + + whensoilfertiily + + iseaten + + faster than it can recover. Overgrazing occurs + + when trees + + isused + «faster than they can grow again. * Suppose mackerel population falls, which organism's population would rise/fall? Plant plankton ~ Animal plankton -+ mall fsh + Mackerel ~Tuna = Shark Fish is a renewable resource when fish are caught .. than they can .. Overfishing occurs when fish are caught ... than they can ... (esp. If small fish are caught). Fish... will fall. Fish resources are depleted. Causes of overfishing As the world ... increases, the ... for seafood increases. Some countries give ... to commercial fishing and cannot monitor... ishing. Effects of overfishing Some fish may become ... Thistupsels the food This disrupts the marine ... and reduces the ceeeceeeeeneees Poor people in LDCs do not have enough ... and lack sources of... from fish, Fishermen have less ... or lose the Overfishing damages... reefs. There are fewer divers and ... People in... industry (e.g. ..., shops) have less income or lose their jobs. Destructive fishing methods {ishing uses explosives to kill fish. This destroys ... reefs. Bottom ... drags fishing nets on the seabed. This catches ... fish / baby fish. ‘This stirs up sand / mud (making the water ...) and also damages ... reefs. .‘Book 8 Oceans 4 H_ Solution to overfishing 1 Fishing ... periods are set to allow fish to... e.g. China ban fishing in the Nan Hai from 1 May to 15 August every year. 2 The EU setfishing .. to limit the ... of fish fishermen can catch. to limit the number of fishing ... or fishing ... ‘The EU use ... to... fishing boats. tilegally caught fish cannot be sold. 3 Destructive fishing methods (e.g... fishing and bottom ...) are banned. am zZ o - + LS 4 Fishermen use fishing nets with large ... to allow small fish... and grow. cece We rear fish on fish... (instead of catch fish in the wild). We call this fish cece Marine ... and marine ... are set up for conservation. Fishing is not allowed, cones Consumers can avoid seafood that is... species, e.g SAH SFOEROEREE Hong Kong Marine Parks & Marine ReserveName B2 Class 3... (No...) Book 8 Oceans § Marine pollution Solid waste Solid waste — Causes Solid waste In oceans includes (a) ... nets / lines (b) ... bottles / bags. Plastic waste break down into ... They take hundreds of years to... Solid waste ~ Effects Marine animals cannot eat and die from ... when plastic waste fill their Marine animals are ... by plastic bags. They swallow plastic waste and are ... Solid waste ~ Solution (Page 47) Government plan to ban disposable plastic forks, cups, drinking ... ete. Government impose charges on plastic ... and encourage recycling plastic .. Sewage ‘Sewage ~ Sources ‘Sewage from ... includes pesticide, fertilizer and animal Sewage from ... includes faeces (which carry ...) and food waste. ‘Sewage from ... includes toxic chemicals and heavy... (e.g. mercury). ‘Sewage - Effects (Page 43) When there is too much sewage, oceans cannot ... and .. it Biological magnification (1) Some sewage from ... e.g. pesticide) and ... is poisonous. (2) Some toxic chemicals and heavy ... accumulate along the food ... (3) _ If we eat polluted fish, we may be poisoned. 1800 ppm 200 pom 5 pom 2pm | ee waterBook 8 Oceans 6 2 ca ‘Algal bloom (Bock 3 Pages 43 - 44) (Book 4 Pages 60-51) (1) Some sewage from homes and farms (..., manure) contais (2) Excess nutrients (..., phosphate) causes ... to grow rapidly. (3) They use up... in the water. Fish and other living things ‘Sewage — Solution (Pages 45-47) Water Pollution Control... bans discharge of... sewage. Waste Government ... water quality to trace the ... of marine pollution. ‘Govemment introduce sewage ... according to the ... pays principl Government build sewage ... works to treat ... before disposal. Reclamation Reclamation ~ Causes Reclamation is carried out to provide more... for .. development. Reclamation — Effects Reclamation involves ... mud from sea bed, and isposal Ordinance bans disposal of untreated ... and ... waste, le. sand onto sea bed. Dredging stirs up sand and mud, damages ... reefs and harm marine . ‘The mud and sand may contain ... pollutants, which enter the food ... Reclamation - Solution (Page 47) Eco-methads of reclamation are used, e.g... reclamation method. mihi SUES pact ... (EIA) are carried out before major reclamation projects. Dredging stirs up toxic! Polluted sand ang mud ‘on the seabedName D — Oilspilt o Class 3... (No.......) Book 8 Oceans 7 D1 Oilspill —Causes 1 Accidents may occur during the.... of oil at offshore oil Accidents may ocour during the .. of oil by oil. These oll... forma thin layer of oil floating on the water. We call this oil D2 Oil spill - Effects 1 Marine animals take in the oil and 2 Olldamages ... reefs, which are ... of marine life. 3 Oil blocks sunlight anc hinders ... Marine life die due to tack of .. 4... of seabirds stick together. They are ... 5 6 7 .- of marine animals stick together. They cannot keep. . Beaches are closed. ... industries suffer from economic loss and Fishing ... are closed. Fishermen suffer trom economic loss and ... @ The feathers and tur of the seabirds and marine _— We can't keep warm! > © Oil blocks ne suntignt and eal hinders pnotosyntnesss. Less 1.4 What is international cooperation important to save our oceans? 8 ‘A Importance of international cooperation 1 Acountry has the right to exploit resources in ise... e... zone (EZ). 2 Waters not in the EEZ of any country are ... waters or high seas. 3. International cooperation is needed to avoid depleting .. and to cont sss eevee B 1 2 3 Difficulties of international cooperation Countries are unwilling to control catch in... waters to... fishing industry. People in LDCs are in ... They have no choice but rely on... toearnalliving. 6.2... In LDCs, itis difficult to... ishing ... and pollution controls effectively.