Hata 1 - CASE STUDIES – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Cluny III, France 11th

By Indiphile Hintsho

The Abbey of Cluny III (southern Burgundy, France) began modestly, the first church being a
simple barn-like structure. Cluny, meanwhile, soon became home to the largest church in
Christendom (Christendom), a title held for the next two hundred years.

But above all, what is a monastery? Abbey may refer to a Christian church, but the term
generally serves as housing and other necessary structures for a society of Christian monks or
nuns living under a particular religious rule. Refers to a group of buildings that do (regulations
regulated their life and certain actions and organization of monasteries). In Cluny's case, the
monks followed the rules of Saint Benedict of Nursia, who advocated a life of prayer, rest, Fig.8, Surviving Transept at Cluny Abbey
study and work in the 6th century..

Fig.1, Floor plan of reconstruction of the Cluny Abbey

Complex

Fig.2, View of the nave of Vezelay Abbey. Fig.3, Central panel of one of the Fig.4, One of the historic capitals of the
historical capitals of the nave of nave of Vezelay Abbey
the Vezelay Abbey depicting desire
and despair

Context

Crew Abbey, in the Sanee Et Loire category of France, is credited with being one of the most powerful religious centers of the
Middle Ages and the founder of the Western Abbey. Before the construction of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, he built it in the
10th century and was one of the largest and most prosperous churches in the world. Built in
in Romanesque overall architectural style. This style was in Europe from the mid-11th century to the Gothic period. It is a fusion
of Roman, Curling, Otto, Byzantine, and local Germanic traditions, and the religion spread extensively from the 10th century to
his 11th century. century. century. Romanesque architecture is characterized by towering round arches, massive stone and
stonework, small windows, thick walls, and trends in domestic art and sculpture depicting scenes from the Bible.

Medieval Catholic churches were huge by today's standards because they were so wealthy. Many strata of society have made
financial contributions, most commonly in the form of tithing, in the form of taxes that require people to donate 10% of his
income to the church. The church appreciated beautiful material possessions and believed that art and beauty were for the
glory of God. It was full of things.

Many clerics had some degree of education. The church produced much of the literature of the time and gave those who
became clergy the opportunity to learn to read and write. This was a rare opportunity in medieval farming societies.

Monasteries in particular often housed schools, and monastic libraries were widely considered the best. As in those days,
education was an important factor in the limited social mobility of medieval society. .

Morphology

Cluny faced serious financial difficulties from the 12th century, mainly due to the
construction of the Third Abbey. Donations to the poor increased spending. The
influence of the monastery waned as other monastic orders rose to power.
Cluny's revenues declined due to site mismanagement and a subsidiary's refusal
to pay its annual tax allowance. Cluny felt indebted to his creditors, merchants of
Cluny or Jews of Macon. Conflicts with priorities increased and papal authority
grew stronger. Prior to the 14th century, abbots were often appointed by the
pope. The crisis of the late Middle Ages and his 14th-century wars of religion
further weakened the monastery. The monks lived in luxury, and by the mid-15th
century there were only about 60. The king was empowered to appoint cluny
abbots in the Bologna Agreement in 1516 under the supervision of Antoine
Duplat.

The years after the French Revolution

were fatal for all monastic buildings Fig.5, Reconstruction of the Cluny Abbey
and their churches. In 1793 the Complex
archives were burned and the church looted. The abbey fields he sold in 1798 for
2,140,000 francs. Until 1813, the Abbey served as a quarry for building houses in
the town.

Today, only the old building with the foundations and parts of Cluny III remains.
Only the southern bell tower of the Great Transept survived. It occupies less than
10% of the area of Cluny III, the largest church in Christendom until the construction
of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome five centuries later. Since 1901, the Abbey has housed
the emerging center of the Higher National School of Applied Arts for Applied Engineers..

Fig.6,Remains of the nave of the once vast Cluny Abbey.

Techniques

The structure was built from a combination of brick and ashlar (stone) which had
hitherto been part of two separate traditions.
Ashlar Masonry, one of two types of masonry in which walls are built with matched stone. The definition of ashlar masonry
takes into account different ashlar types with different stone sizes, patterns or textures. But in ashlar masonry, the stones are
usually evenly faced. Cut stone masonry has been used all over the world for centuries, but it is very expensive because it uses
worked stone instead of moulded brick. As a result, it is a masonry technique most commonly used in castles and palaces and
rarely used in ordinary construction. However, due to its strength, it is also used to reinforce walls.

Mortar joins building blocks such as stone, brick and concrete masonry, fills and seals irregular gaps between them, distributes
their weight evenly and adds decorative colour to masonry walls. It's a practical paste that hardens to add patterns.

dress stones are stones cut to specific dimensions. Trimmed stones are used in ashlar masonry, where the stones are cut so
that they all fit together, ensuring structural integrity while reducing the use of mortar. Stone-cut masonry stones are cut to
specific dimensions, so the seams and seams between stones are very thin. Very little grout is required to seal the stone in
place as there is far less negative space that must be filled in to achieve a smooth and stable surface. Mortar is a mixture of
cement and sand with water.

Bricks were made by workers who kneaded clay into wooden moulds. I wiped off the excess clay and removed the brick-like
clay from the frame, all this was done by hand.
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