HOLY ANGEL UNVERSITY

School of Engineering and Architecture

Department of Architecture

MIDTERM MAJOR
PLATE RESEARCH
Mixed-use Development: Strip Mall

______________________________________
Architectural Design 4: Space Planning 1

By:

Bonus, Frank Symon P.

Ferrer, Jenelle C.
Santos, Keane Lhib D.

February 22, 2023

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 ABSTRACT
Strip malls are a type of commercial development characterized by a linear configuration
of attached retail spaces facing a parking lot or street. They are typically smaller in scale than
traditional shopping centers and are often anchored by a single large store or service provider.
This model of commercial development emerged in the mid-twentieth century as a response to
changing consumer preferences and the growth of automobile culture. The architecture of strip
malls is typically characterized by functional design, with little emphasis on aesthetics or
place-making. The architecture of strip malls is often seen as unremarkable and even
unappealing, lacking the visual interest and architectural detail of traditional Main Street
storefronts. However, some contemporary designers are working to reinvent the strip mall model,
incorporating sustainable design principles, pedestrian-friendly features, and visually engaging
design elements to create a more appealing and functional retail environment (Mahmoud, 2017).
These efforts seek to enhance the pedestrian experience, promote local economic vitality, and
reduce the environmental impact of commercial development.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
_____________________________________________________________________________

1. STRIP MALL .....................................................................................................4

1.1 Background...............................................................................................................................4

1.2 Common Alternative Layouts...................................................................................................5

1.3 Benchmark Projects..................................................................................................................8

1.4 Building Codes …...................................................................................................................10

1.4.1 The National Building Code.....................................................................................10

1.4.1 Accessibility Law …............................................................................................................16

1.5 Green Building Design Applicable to Strip Mall …...............................................................24

2. REFERENCES ….............................................................................................26

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STRIP MALL DESIGN

1.1 BACKGROUND

Stores and other businesses are expanding as the world expands. This opens the door to
additional economic activity, even in the smallest of towns. Social gatherings, entertainment,
performances, product debuts, promotions, and festivals may all be found at shopping malls. The
activities calendar in shopping malls is endless, with something for everyone to do for a few
hours. Shops of all sizes make their way to shopping malls. People in the neighborhood come to
these locations to buy their basics and, well, other non-essentials.

Shopping malls are popular tourist destinations. For a tourist, it may be more convenient
to have one central area to complete all of their shopping rather than having to go several
kilometers merely to buy different sorts of things for their own requirements. Strip malls are one
type of shopping center. A strip mall is a grouping of multiple retailers in the same building that
share a parking lot. These often include shops such as pharmacy stores, small grocery stores, fast
food restaurants, and tiny independent cafés. The structure is usually located at a major
intersection in a town or city and is best accessed by car. Bicycling or walking to a strip mall
might be challenging due to the high number of traffic (Tricia C., 2023).

Parkview Plaza, a 50K SF strip mall in Chicago

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 According to Agarwal (2015), a strip mall (also known as a shopping plaza, mini-mall, or
shopping center) is an open location where several retailers are often positioned in a row, with a
walkway in front. The front has large traffic routes and is frequently self-contained, with few
pedestrian links to nearby neighbors. In the real estate development market, they are sometimes
referred to as power centers since they attract and cater to inhabitants from a larger demographic
region. These malls are service-oriented and may include grocery stores, small eateries, fast food
restaurants, video rental companies, and other similar establishments.

1.2 Common Alternative Layout for Strip Mall

Strip mall floor plans are commercial structures that are meant to house many enterprises,
retail areas, or offices. They are frequently built in established communities where there is a
demand for space to support local companies and have multiple storefronts that are visible from
a parking lot or street. Strip mall structures come in a variety of forms and sizes. They often
house three or more tenants and have glass storefronts and separate entrances for each. The
majority of strip mall designs are one level, while some may have numerous floors. Strip mall
designs are not the only option for commercial building ideas.

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 Strip malls are a common sight in most American towns and cities. Yet, many of them
fail to attract enough consumers and tenants in the modern and competitive retail and
entertainment industries. A strip mall should bill itself as a destination people will enjoy by
adding an outdoor venue for providing entertainment on weekends - local bands, games for kids,
or free space for non-profit groups to meet or hold fundraisers - and a strip mall should bill itself
as a destination people will enjoy by adding an outdoor venue for providing entertainment on
weekends - local bands, games for kids, or free space for non-profit groups to meet or hold
fundraisers.

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 Another alternate arrangement is based on the assumption that the shopper is a
pedestrian. The three buildings that comprise the center are arranged in a L shape, joined by
covered walkways, and orientated to face an open landscaped courtyard accessible immediately
from the parking area.

The fundamental design includes of freestanding 12-foot columns allow for non-modular
partitioning by tenants. To calm the view, which was frequently dominating, the window heads
were scaled down to door height by fluorescent lamps and the guts of the businesses. Concrete
canopies with a thin casing that stand alone the trees provide shade for the walkways and conceal

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cooling towers for the stores. The peristyle was initially three feet higher, providing camouflage
for the rooftop mechanicals, but height was decreased to limit building expenses.

1.3 Benchmarked Projects

• Quad 2 - Don Juan Nepomuceno Ave, Angeles, Pampanga

Outlet malls are increasingly positioning themselves as key destinations for tourists and
visitors, leveraging their proximity to metropolitan areas and investing in renovations to
create a compelling shopping experience. Shopping has emerged as a critical factor in
travelers' decision-making process, with many prioritizing retail opportunities as a key
component of their overall travel experience, and in some cases, the primary motivation for
their trip.

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• Wilshire Gramercy Plaza - Mid-Wilshire district of Los Angeles, California, USA.

A strip mall plaza, also known as a shopping center or a strip center, is a type of
commercial property that typically consists of a long, narrow row of retail stores, restaurants,
and service businesses that share a common parking lot. These shopping centers are typically
located on the outskirts of a city or in suburban areas, and they are designed to provide
convenient access to a variety of goods and services for local residents.

• Murrayhill Marketplace - 14609 SW Teal Blvd. Beaverton, Oregon, USA.

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 Strip mall plazas can vary in size and scope, from small neighborhood centers with just a
few businesses to large regional malls with dozens of stores and restaurants. They may also
feature a mix of local, regional, and national chain retailers and restaurants, offering a range
of products and services to suit different consumer needs.

One of the primary advantages of strip mall plazas is their convenience and accessibility.
They are typically situated in locations that are easy to reach by car, and they offer ample
parking for customers. This makes them an attractive option for shoppers who want to get in
and out quickly, without having to navigate the crowds and congestion of a larger mall or
downtown shopping district.

1.4 Building Codes

1.4.1 The National Building Code

Occupancy Classified (a) Buildings proposed for construction shall be identified according to
their use or the character of its occupancy and shall be classified as follows:

Group E – Business and Mercantile

Group E Occupancies shall include:

Division 1 – Gasoline filling and service stations, storage garages and boat storage
structures where no work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no
open flame, welding, or the use of highly flammable liquids.

Division 2 – Wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, drinking and dining
establishments having an occupant load of less than one hundred persons, printing
plants, police and fire stations, factories and workshops using not highly flammable or

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combustible materials and paint stores without bulk handlings.
Division 3 – Aircraft hangars and open parking garages where no repair work is done
except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding or the use of
highly flammable liquids.

SECTION 703. Mixed Occupancy

(a) General Requirements

When a building is of mixed occupancy or used for more than one occupancy, the whole
building shall be subject to the most restrictive requirement pertaining to any of the type of
occupancy found therein except in the following:

(1) When a one-storey building houses more than one occupancy, each portion of the
building shall conform to the requirement of the particular occupancy housed therein and;

(2) Where minor accessory uses do not occupy more than ten percent of the area of
any floor or a building, nor more than ten percent of the basic area permitted in the occupancy
requirements, in which case, the major use of the building shall determine the occupancy
classification.

(b) Forms of Occupancy Separation

Occupancy separations shall be vertical or horizontal or both, or when necessary, of such

other forms as may be required to afford a complete separation between the various occupancy
divisions in the building.

(c) Types of Occupancy Separation

Occupancy separation shall be classified as “One-Hour Fire-Resistive”, “Two-Hour Fire

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Resistive”, “Three-Hour Fire-Resistive” and “Four-Hour Fire-Resistive.”

(1) A “One-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation” shall be of not less than one-hour
fire-resistive construction. All openings in such separation shall be protected by a fireassembly
having a one-hour fire-resistive rating.
The National Building Code (P.D. 1096)
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(2) A “Two-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation” shall be of not less than two-hour
fire-resistive construction. All openings in such separation shall be protected by a fire
assembly having a two-hour fire-resistive rating.

(3) A “Three-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation” shall be of not less than three hour
fire-resistive construction. All openings in walls forming such separation shall be
protected by a fire assembly having a three-hour fire-resistive rating. The total width of all
openings in any three-hour fire-resistive occupancy separation wall in any one-storey shall not
exceed 25 percent of the length of the wall in that storey and no single opening shall have an
area greater than 10.00 square meters. All openings in floors forming a “Three-Hour Fire
Resistive Occupancy Separation” shall be protected by vertical enclosures extending above
and below such openings. The walls of such vertical enclosures shall be of not less than two hour
fire-resistive construction, and all openings therein shall be protected by a fire assembly
having a three-hour fire-resistive rating.

(4) A “Four-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation” shall have no openings therein

and shall be of not less than four-hour fire-resistive construction.

(d) Fire Rating for Occupancy Separation

Occupancy Separations shall be provided between groups, subgroupings, or divisions of

occupancies. The Secretary shall promulgate rules and regulations for appropriate occupancy
separations in buildings of mixed occupancy; Provided, that, where any occupancy separation is

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required, the minimum shall be a “One-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation”; and where
the occupancy separation is horizontal, structural members supporting the separation shall be
protected by an equivalent fire-resistive construction.

SECTION 704. Location on Property

(a) General

No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to a public space, yard
or street on at least one of its sides. For the purpose of this Section, the center line of an
adjoining street or alley shall be considered an adjacent property line. Eaves over required
windows shall not be less than 750 millimeters from the side and rear
property lines.
(b) Fire Resistance of Walls

Exterior walls shall have fire resistance and opening protection in accordance with the
requirements set forth by the Secretary. Projections beyond the exterior wall shall not exceed
beyond a point one-third the distance from an assumed vertical plane located where the
fire-resistive protection of openings is first required to the location on property whichever is the
least restrictive. Distance shall be measured at right angles from the property line. When
openings in exterior walls are required to be protected due to distance from property line, the
sum of the areas of such openings in any storey shall not exceed 50 percent of the total area of
the wall in that storey.

SECTION 707. Maximum Height of the Buildings

Maximum Height of Buildings The maximum height and number of storeys of every
building shall be dependent upon the character of occupancy and the type of construction as
determined by the Secretary considering population density, building bulk, widths of streets and
car parking requirements. The height shall be measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or

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ground surface: Provided, that the height measured from the lowest adjoining surface shall not
exceed such maximum height by more than 3.00 meters: Except, that towers, spires, and
steeples, erected as part of a building and not used for habitation or storage are limited as to
height only by structural design if completely of incombustible materials, or may extend not to
exceed 6.00 meters above the height limits for each occupancy group if of combustible materials.

SECTION 709. Requirements for Other Group Occupancies

Subject to the provisions of this Code, the Secretary shall promulgate rules and
regulations for each of the other Group Occupancies covering: allowable construction, height,
and area; location on property, exit facilities, light, ventilation, and sanitation; enclosures of
vertical openings; fire extinguishing systems; and special hazards.

LIGHT AND VENTILATION

SECTION 801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation

(a) Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of Light and
View, and to the provisions of this part of the Code, every building shall be designed,
constructed, and equipped to provide adequate light and ventilation.

(b) All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has been duly
approved.

(c) No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size of any room or the
relative area of windows to less than that provided for buildings under this Code, or to
create an additional room, unless such additional room conforms to the requirements of
this Code.

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 (d) No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court or yard would
be less than that prescribed for such building.

SECTION 805. Ceiling Heights

(a) Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less
than 2.40 meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; Provided that for buildings of more than
one storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70 meters and that for the
second storey 2.40 meters and succeeding storeys shall have an unobstructed typical head-room
clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished floor. Above stated rooms with a natural
ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.70 meters.
(b) Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80 meters above and
below it.

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1.4.1 BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG 344 (A CCESSIBILITY LAW)

A. PARKING

PARKING AREAS
1.1 Parking spaces for the disabled should allow enough space for a person to transfer to
a wheelchair from a vehicle;

1.2 Accessible parking spaces should be located as close as possible to building entrances
or to accessible entrances;

1.3 Whenever and wherever possible, accessible parking spaces should be perpendicular
or to an angle to the road or circulation aisles;

1.4 Accessible parking slots should have a minimum width of 3.70 m.;

1.5 A walkway from accessible spaces of 1.20 m. clear width shall be provided between
the front ends of parked cars;

1.6 Provide dropped curbs or curb cut-outs to the parking level where access walkways
are raised;

1.7 Pavement markings, signs or other means shall be provided to delineate parking
spaces for the handicapped;

1.8 Parking spaces for the disabled should never be located at ramped or sloping areas;

B. INSIDE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

ENTRANCES

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1.1 Entrances should be accessible from arrival and departure points to the interior lobby;

1.2 One (1) entrance level should be provided where elevators are accessible;

1.3 In case entrances are not on the same level of the site arrival grade, ramps should be
provided as access to the entrance level;

1.4 Entrances with vestibules shall be provided a level area with at least a 1.80 m. depth
and a 1.50 m. width;

RAMPS

2.1 Changes in level require a ramp except when served by a dropped curb, an elevator or
other mechanical device;

2.2 Ramps shall have a minimum clear width of 1.20 m;

2.3 The maximum gradient shall be 1:12;

2.4 The length of a ramp should not exceed 6:00 m. if the gradient is 1:12; longer ramps
whose gradient is 1:12 shall be provided with landings not less than 1.50 m.;

2.5 A level area not less than 1.80 m. should be provided at the top and bottom of any
ramp;

2.6 Handrails will be provided on both sides of the ramp at 0.70 m. and 0.90 m. from the
ramp level;

2.7 Ramps shall be equipped with curbs on both sides with a minimum height of 0.10 m.;

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2.8 Any ramp with a rise greater than 0.20 m. and leads down towards an area where
vehicular traffic is possible, should have a railing across the full width of its lower end,
not less than 1.80 meters from the foot of the ramp;

DOORS

3.1 All doors shall have a minimum clear width of 0.80 m;

3.2 Clear openings shall be measured between the surface of the fully open door at the
hinge and the door jamb at the stop;

3.3 Doors should be operable by a pressure or force not more than 4.0 kg; the closing
device pressure an interior door shall not exceed 1 kg.;

3.4 A minimum clear level space of 1.50 m x 1.50 m shall be provided before and
extending beyond a door;

EXCEPTION: where a door shall open onto but not into a corridor, the required clear,
level space on the corridor side of the door may be a minimum of 1.20 m. corridor width;

3.5 Protection should be provided from doors that swing into corridors;

3.6 Outswinging doors should be provided at storage rooms, closets and accessible
restroom stalls;

3.7 Latching or non-latching hardware should not require wrist action or fine finger
manipulation;

3.8 Doorknobs and other hardware should be located between 0.82 m. and 1.06 m. above
the floor; 0.90 is preferred;

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3.9 Vertical pull handles, centered at 1.06 m. above the floor, are preferred to horizontal
pull bars for swing doors or doors with locking devices;

3.10 Doors along major circulation routes should be provided with kick plates made of
durable materials at a height of 0.30 m. to 0.40 m;

(a) General. The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load
requirements of buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers, and grandstands. (1)
Determination of Occupant Loads. The occupant load permitted in any building or
portion thereof shall be determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that use by the
unit area allowed per occupant as determined by the Secretary. (2) Exit Requirements.
Exist requirements of a building or portion thereof used for different purposes shall be
determined by the occupant load which gives the largest number of persons. No
obstruction shall be placed in the required width of an exit except projections permitted
by this Code. (3) Posting of Room Capacity. Any room having an occupant load of more
than 50 where fixed seats are not installed, and which is used for classroom, assembly, or
similar purpose shall have the capacity of the room posted in a conspicuous place near
the main exit from the room. (4) Changes in Elevation. Except in Group A Occupancies,
changes in floor elevations of less than 300 millimeters along any exit serving a tributary
occupant load of 10 or more shall be by means of ramps:

THRESHOLDS

4.1 Thresholds shall be kept to a minimum; whenever necessary, thresholds and sliding
door tracks shall have a maximum height of 25 mm and preferably ramped;

SWITCHES

5.1 Manual switches shall be positioned within 1.20 m to 1.30 m above the floor;

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5.2 Manual switches should be located no further than 0.20 from the latch side of the
door;

CORRIDORS

7.1 Corridors shall have minimum clear width of 1.20 m.; waiting areas and other
facilities or spaces shall not obstruct the minimum clearance requirement;

7.2 Recesses or turnabout spaces should be provided for wheelchairs to turn around or to
enable another wheelchair to pass; these spaces shall have a minimum area of 1.50 m x
1.50 m. and shall be spaced at a maximum of 12.00 m.;

7.3 Turnabout spaces should also be provided at or within 3.50 m. of every dead end;

7.4 As in walkways, corridors should be maintained level and provided with a slip
resistant surface;

WASHROOMS & TOILETS

8.1 Accessible public washrooms and toilets shall permit easy passage of a wheelchair
and allow the occupant to enter a stall, close the door and transfer to the water closet from
either a frontal or lateral position;

8.2 Accessible water closet stalls shall have a minimum area of 1.70 x 1.80 mts. One
movable grab bar and one fixed to the adjacent wall shall be installed at the accessible
water closet stall for lateral mounting; fixed grab bars on both sides of the wall shall be
installed for stalls for frontal mounting;

8.3 A turning space of 2.25 sq.m. with a minimum dimension of 1.50 m. for wheelchair
shall be provided for water closet stalls for lateral mounting;

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8.4 All accessible public toilets shall have accessories such as mirrors, paper dispensers,
towel racks and fittings such as faucets mounted at heights reachable by a person in a
wheelchair;

8.5 The minimum number of accessible water closets on each floor level or on that part
of a floor level accessible to the disabled shall be one (1) where the total number of water
closets per set on that level is 20; and two (2) where the number of water closets exceed
20;

8.6 In order to aid visually impaired persons to readily determine whether a washroom is
for men or for women, the signage for men's washroom door shall be an equilateral
triangle with a vertex pointing upward, and those for women shall be a circle; the edges
of the triangle should be 0.30 m long as should be the diameter of the circle; these
signages should at least be 7.5 mm thick; the color and gray value of the doors; the words
"men" and "women" or the appropriate stick figures should still appear on the washroom
doors for the convenience of the fully sighted;
Note: the totally blind could touch the edge of the signs and easily determine whether it is
straight or curved;

8.7 The maximum height of water closets should be 0.45 m.; flush control should have a
maximum height of 1.20 mts.
8.8 Maximum height of lavatories should be 0.80 m. with a knee recess of 0.60 - 0.70 M.
vertical clearance and a 0.50 m. depth.

8.9 Urinals should have an elongated lip or through type; the maximum height of the lip
should be 0.48 m.

STAIRS

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9.1 Tread surfaces should be a slip-resistant material; nosings may be provided with
slip-resistant strips to further minimize slipping:

9.2 Slanted nosings are preferred to projecting nosings so as not to pose difficulty for
people using crutches or braces whose feet have a tendency to get caught in the recessed
space or projecting nosings. For the same reason, open stringers should be avoided.

9.3 The leading edge of each step on both runner and riser should be marked with a paint
or non-skid material that has a color and gray value which is in high contrast to the gray
value of the rest of the stairs; markings of this sort would be helpful to the visually
impaired as well as to the fully sighted person;

9.4 A tactile strip 0.30 m. wide shall be installed before hazardous areas such as sudden
changes in floor levels and at the top and bottom of stairs; special care must be taken to
ensure the proper mounting or adhesion of tactile strips so as not to cause accidents;

ROOFING

SECTION 1206. Roof Construction and Covering (a) Roof Covering. Roof covering for
all buildings shall be either fire-retardant or ordinary depending upon the fire-resistive
requirements of the particular type of construction. The use of combustible roof
insulation shall be permitted in all types of construction provided it is covered with
approved roof covering applied directly thereto. (b) Roof Trusses. All roofs shall be so
framed and tied into the framework and supporting walls so as to form an integral part of
the whole building. Roof trusses shall have all joints well fitted and shall have all tension
members well tightened before any load is placed in the truss. Diagonal The National
Building Code (P.D. 1096) 31 and sway bracing shall be used to brace all roof trusses.
The allowable working stresses of materials in trusses shall conform to this Code.
Camber shall be provided to prevent sagging. (c) Attics. (1) Access. An attic access
opening shall be provided in the ceiling of the top floor of buildings with a combustible

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 ceiling or roof construction. The opening shall be located in a corridor or hallway of
buildings of three or more storeys in height , and readily accessible in buildings of any
height. An opening shall not be less than 600 millimeters square or 600 millimeters in
diameter. The minimum clear headroom of 800 millimeters shall be provided above the
access opening. For ladder requirements, refer to the Philippine Mechanical Engineering
code. (2) Area Separation. Enclosed attic spaces of combustible construction shall be
divided into horizontal areas not exceeding 250 square meters by fire-resistive partitions
extending from the ceiling to the roof. Except, that where the entire attic is equipped with
approved automatic fire-extinguishing system, the attic space may be divided into areas
not to exceed 750 square meters. Openings in the partitions shall be protected by
self-closing doors. (3) Draft Stops. Regardless of the type of construction, draft stops
shall be installed in trusses roofs, between roof and bottom chords or trusses, in all
buildings exceeding 2000 square meters. Draft stops shall be constructed as for attic area
separations. (4) Ventilation. Enclosed attics including rafter spaces formed where ceilings
are applied direct to the underside or roof rafters, shall be provided with adequate
ventilation protected against the entrance of rain. (d) Roof Drainage System (1) Roof
Drains. Roof drains shall be installed at low points of the roof and shall be adequate in
size to discharge all tributary waters. (2) Overflow Drains and Scuppers. Where roof
drains are required, adequate overflow drains shall be provided. (3) Concealed Piping.
Roof drains and overflow drains, when concealed within the construction of the building,
shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the National Plumbing Code. (4)
Over Public Property. Roof drainage water from a building shall not be permitted to flow
over public property, except for Group A and J Occupancies. (e) Flashing. Flashing and
counterflashing shall be provided at the juncture of the roof and vertical surfaces.

1.5 Vernacular Architecture

Pampanga has been there for many important events in our nation. Several of its
man-made structures, some of which have survived wars and earthquakes, serve as
witnesses to its illustrious history. The distinctive geographical, social, and cultural
characteristics of the Pampanga area are reflected in the specific architectural style

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 known as Pampanga vernacular architecture. They emerged in rural areas where people
relied on their land for survival. They used materials found locally, including wood,
stone, brick, clay, and straw, to construct simple dwellings for their family.

1.6 Green Building Design

• Application of Solar Panels

Solar panels have emerged as a popular and effective way for malls to reduce their energy
costs and promote sustainable practices. By harnessing the power of the sun, malls can
generate their own electricity and reduce their reliance on traditional grid power. In this
essay, we will explore some of the key benefits that solar panels can provide to malls,
including cost savings, sustainable energy, branding and marketing opportunities and
improved property values.

• Landscaping/Vegetation

Landscaping is an essential element of mall design that can significantly contribute to sustainable
practices. A well-designed landscape can provide a range of benefits to malls, including environmental,
economic, and social benefits. One of the most significant benefits of landscaping for malls is improved
air quality. Trees, shrubs, and other plants absorb carbon dioxide and other pollutants, which helps to
improve the air quality around the mall (Escobedo et al., 2018). This can be especially important for malls
located in urban areas where air pollution is a significant issue. By incorporating greenery into the mall's

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design, mall owners can contribute to cleaner and healthier air, which can be a key factor in attracting
customers.

• Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is an important practice that can help malls become more
sustainable. By collecting and using rainwater, malls can reduce their dependence on municipal
water supplies, which can lead to significant cost savings and reduced environmental impact. In
this essay, we will explore some of the key benefits that rainwater harvesting can provide to
malls, including reduced water bills, reduced strain on municipal water resources, and improved
stormwater management.

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century

Bisnow. (2017, October 10). Strip malls: The least glamorous segment in retail is among the
sector's strongest performers. Forbes. Retrieved February 18, 2023, from
https://www.forbes.com/sites/bisnow/2017/10/10/strip-malls-the-least-glamorous-segment-
in-retail-is-among-the-sectors-strongest-performers/?sh=503f2fd8269d

Bunting, T., & Filion, P. (2018). What works and what doesn’t in commercial strip revitalization.
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Escobedo, F. J., Clerici, N., & Staudhammer, C. (2018). The role of urban forests and green
spaces in improving social inclusion. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 29, 312-315.

Nelson, J. C., & Jones, K. (2018). Green retail spaces: An examination of shopping mall
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Omran architects. (n.d.). Retrieved February 18, 2023, from

https://www.omranarch.com/projects/ALSHATI

Razzaghmanesh, M., Myers, B., & Beecham, S. (2019). Rainwater harvesting for urban
stormwater management: A review of methods for assessment of quantity and quality.
Journal of Environmental Management, 246, 715-725.

Shopping malls and it's types (with statistics). Your Article Library. (2015, March 31). Retrieved
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8436

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