RIZAL REVIEWER

FRANCISCO MERCADO II MARIA RIZAL

- father of Jose Rizal - the sixth child and married to Daniel

Faustino Cruz

TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA

JOSE RIZAL
- mother of Jose Rizal
- second son and the seventh child of
- teacher of Jose Rizal Rizal – Alonzo marriage

SATURNINA RIZAL CONCEPCION RIZAL

- the eldest child of the Rizal – Alonzo - she died at the age of three and she
marriage was the 8th child

PACIANO RIZAL JOSEFA RIZAL

- the only brother of Rizal - the ninth child, an epileptic and died as
spinster

NARCISA RIZAL

- the third child TRINIDAD RIZAL

- the tenth child and died a spinster

OLYMPIA RIZAL

- the fourth child and married to Silvestre SOLEDAD RIZAL

Ubaldo - the youngest child and married to
Pantaleon Quintero

LUCIA RIZAL

- the fifth child and married to Mariano

Herboza
DOMINGO LAM-CO SENATE BILL 438

- the family root and changed his name - it is known as Rizal Bill which was first
to Mercado and married late in life authored by Senator Claro M. Recto

- Rizal’s family paternal ascendant, a full

blooded Chinese who lived in Amoy
China INFLUENTIAL RELATIVES

- Tio Jose

FRANCISCO MERCADO Y CHINCO - Tio Manuel

- the first son of Domingo Lam Co - Tio Gregorio

JUAN MERCADO Y MONICA SENATOR JOSE P. LAUREL

- youngest son of Francisco Mercado Y - created an amendment to the original

Chinco, a captain in the Spanish army bill and approved the bill; sponsored

RIZAL LAW MAY 17, 1956

- implementing rules to educate people - the date when the bills has finally
about the life, works and writings of Dr. passed
Jose Rizal

JUNE 12, 1956

RA 1425
- an act to include in the curricula of all
public and private school, colleges and
universities ceases one the life, works
and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal
- the date when President Ramon
Magsaysay signed into law (RA 1425)
JUNE 19, 1861

- Rizal was born

GREAT NOVELS WRITTEN BY RIZAL

- Noli Me Tangere

- El Filibusterismo DECEMBER 30, 1896

- Rizal was died
- Jose Rizal’s family was wealthy family
in CALAMBA LAGUNA.
- There are 13 members of Jose Rizal’s
family.
- The only brother Dr. Jose Rizal,
became a farmer and later a GENERAL
of the Philippine Revolution.
- The Rizal children were bound
together by the ties of LOVE and
COMPANION.
- The Rizal children affectionately called
their father TATAY and their mother
NANAY.
- Jose Rizal was jokingly called UTE by
his brother and sisters.
- The people of Calamba knew Jose as
PEPE or PEPITO.
- At the age of THREE, Rizal began to
take part in the family prayers, love to go
to church and pray.
- Rizal carved figures of ANIMALS and
PERSON out of woods.
- PERSONS had endowed Jose Rizal
the gifts of genius, spirit of a nationalist
and valiant hearts to sacrifice for a noble
cause.
- In his room, Rizal kept many
STATUES which he made out of clay
and wax.
- Jose Rizal was born POET and his
mother encourage him to write poetry.
- The first tagalog poem written by Rizal
was entitled SA AKING MGA
KABABATA.
- Rizal’s brother Paciano instill in Jose’s
mind the love for FREEDOM and
JUSTICE.
- The execution of Fathers GOMEZ,
ZAMORA and BURGOS in 1872
awakened Rizal’s spirit of patriotism.
- A person may have everything in life
such as BRAIN, WEALTH and POWER
but without the aid of Divine Providence
he cannot attain greatness.
- According to Psychologist,
ENVIRONMENT as well as HEREDITY
affects the nature of a person.
CHAPTER 1
REPUBLIC ACT 1425
- otherwise known as the Rizal Law,
mandates the teaching of the life, works,
and writings of Rizal in all schools in the
country.
SENATOR JOSE P. LAUREL
- who sponsored the said law since
Rizal was the founder of Filipino
Nationality and the architect of Filipino
Nation.
FILIPINO YOUTH
- will be able to gain incorruptible
confidence, direction, courage and
determination.
PATRIOTIC GOALS
- set by the then BOARD ON
NATIONAL EDUCATION (Capino et.al,
1997)
JOSE RIZAL
- was not a man of war but a man of
peace
RENATO CONSTANTINO (1969)
- historian; claimed that it was the
Americans who were responsible for
endorsing him as the Philippine National
Hero.
- he also cited the efforts of TAFT
COMMISSION IN 1901 which picked
Rizal from a group of heroes.
TEODORO AGONCILLO (1986)
- another eminent historian; writes that
Rizal was acceptable as a national hero
to the Americans because he was the
symbol of assimilation.
KATIPUNEROS
- considered him the honorary leader of
the Katipunan.
GENERAL EMILIO AGUINALDO
- issued a decree on December 20,
1898 ordering that December 30, the
anniversary of Rizal’s execution at
Bagumbayan, be commemorated as “a
day of mourning for Rizal and other
victims of the Philippine Revolution
- Act No. 345
- “A JOSE RIZAL” (To Jose Rizal)
- Noli me Tangere at El Filibusterismo,
the titles of his two important novels and
the word “Morga” which refers to the
book “Sucesos en las Islas Filipinas”
- Though the monument in Luneta was
erected during the American Regime.
This was authorized by Act No. 243 of
the Philippine Commission.
- Another proof of the Filipinos
widespread admiration for Rizal is the
construction of myriad monuments in his
honor in most cities and towns of the
country.
- Rizal Province, formerly part of the
province of Manila, was named in his
honor by virtue of Act No. 137 of the
Philippine Commission.
- Jose Rizal University and Rizal
Technology University was named after
him.
GUERRERO (1998)
- Rizal was the first Filipino, who was
first called the Philippines his fatherland.
COATES (1968)
- Rizal was the remarkable because his
ideas matured at an early age.
DE OCAMPO (1969)
- Rizal was the first exponent of Asian
nationalism since he was the source of
inspiration for the outbreak of the
Philippine Revolution of 1896.
FISHER (1962)
- even called Rizal the Pioneer
Exponent of Liberal Democracy in Asia.
FIRST PERIOD (1861-1872)
- when the young Rizal learned how to
read , write and listened to stories that
triggered imaginative and critical
thinking.
SECOND PERIOD (1872-1882)
- the first turning point in life of Rizal
THIRD PERIOD (1882-1892)
- he decided to leave the Philippines to
escape persecution.
FOURTH PERIOD (1892-1896)
- last turning point in the life of our
national hero before his martyrdom on
December 30, 1896. He was exiled in
Dapitan.
CHAPTER 2
NATIONALISM
- sense of loyalty or psychological
attachment members of a nation share
based on a common language, history,
culture, and desire for independence
TWO MAJOR REVOLUTION
- American Revolution of 1776
- French Revolution of 1789
IDEOLOGY OF FRENCH
REVOLUTION
- Liberty
- Fraternity
- Equality
COMPLEX IDEOLOGY
(McKay et.al, 1995)
- nationalism has evolved from a real or
imagined cultural unity
- nationalists have usually sought to turn
this cultural unity into political reality.
- nationalists believed that every nation
has the right to exist in freedom and
develop its character and spirit
RISE AND GRADUAL SPREAD OF
LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRACY
- was actually a consequence of the
growth and development of nationalism
LIBERALISM
- demanded representative government
as opposed to autocratic monarchy,
equality before the law as opposed to
legally separate classes.
DEMOCRACY
- became a way of life in many
European countries like Britain, Belgium,
and Switzerland.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- refers to the transformation of
manufacturing brought about by the
invention an use of machines.
LIBERALS
- laissez - faire policy or government’s
non-interference in the conduct of trade
and business has to be sustained for the
continuous expansion of the economy.
SOCIALISTS
- assert that the government has to
control vital industries and resources.
COMMUNISTS
- all factors of production be owned and
controlled by the government.
CATHOLIC CHURCH
- calls for humane treatment of workers,
respect and social justice for the poor.
THE ADVANCE/MENT OF SCIENCE
- the rapid expansion of scientific
knowledge profoundly influence Western
thought in the 19th century.
- means that search for knowledge and
truth could be explained by a rational
and empirical approach.
- First, everyday experience and
innumerable scientists impressed the
importance of science on the mind of
ordinary citizen.
- Second, as science became more
prominent in popular thinking.
- Third, the methods of Science acquired
unrivaled prestige after 1850.
- The effects of scientific revolution
spilled to the challenging of traditional
beliefs in religion and politics.
THE RESURGENCE OF WESTERN
IMPERIALISM
- entered the third and most dynamic
phase of its centuries old expansion to
non- western land.
- western expansion had far reaching
consequences
OPTIMISM AND CONFIDENCE IN
PROGRESS
- optimism or faith in a society and
man’s ability to progress was brought
about by the advancement of science.
- the optimism of the century was
summed by MARQUIS DE
CONDORCET in his work Sketch for a
Historical Picture of the Progress of the
Human Mind.
CHAPTER 3
SPAIN IN THE 19TH CENTURY
POLITICAL INSTABILTY IN SPAIN
- after the death of Ferdinand VII, Spain
went through a downward spiral as a
world power.
- the ensuing struggle would be known
as the CARLIST WARS
- the 19th century was a turbulent
century of politics in Spanish history
- it was a period of political instability
owing to the frequent rise and fall of
ministries and constitutions.
ABANDONMENT OF MERCANTILISM
- along with the political change, there
was also a shift in the world economy
- European practiced mercantilism,
which is an economic doctrine based on
the idea that the country’s wealth and
power can be measured in its stock of
gold and silver.
- it also means that all trade should be
conducted within a certain country and
its colonies
- Trade was dictated by the monarch
and wealth should flow toward the
center of imperial power
- this results in to the creation of
monopolistic ventures like the Galleon
Trade between Manila and Acapulco
- Merchants began trading freely as
profits from international commerce
began to shape official policies
- Spain adoption of the laissez faire
policy affected the Philippines.
THE PHILIPPINES DURING RIZAL’S
TIME
- Filipinos lost their ancestral lands on
account of Spain’s institution of the
encomienda system.
- they were forced by the Spanish
colonizers to accept Spanish culture and
religion
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION
- The Philippines was governed directly
by the Spanish Crowns, thru the ministry
of colonies in the 19th century.
- The GOVERNOR GENERAL
appointed by the Spanish monarch, was
the head of the Spanish colonial
government in the country.
- he represented the Crown in all
government matters
- he was the Vice Royal Patron over
religious affairs
- as the chief executive of the colonial
government, he was an ex officio
president of the Royal Audiencia .
- had legislative power
- Laws enacted by the governor general
were called ACTOS ACORDADOS
- local government units
(provinces, towns, cities, and barrios)
- each province was headed by the
ALACALDE MAYOR who exercised
executive and judicial functions
- provincial government was the most
corrupt unit in local government then,
owing to the privilege to engage in and
monopolize trade called INDULTO DE
COMMERCIO
- the alcaldias or provinces were divided
into two towns or pueblos, each pueblo
was headed by the
GOBERNADORCILLO or town mayor;
principal responsibility was tax collection
- each town was divided into barrios or
barangays, as the smallest unit of
government each barangay was headed
by a CABEZA DE BARANGAY ; main
function was the maintenance of peace
and order
- the city government during the Spanish
Regime was called AYUNTAMIENTO, it
was governed by a cabildo or city
council composed of city mayor
(ALACALDE EN ORDINARIO),
councilors (REGIDORES), chief
constable (AGUACIL MAYOR),
secretary (ESCRIBANO)
- the friars became more powerful and
influential that even civil authorities
feared them
- this situation what was Lopez Jaena
termed as FRAILOCRACIA
- GUARDIA CIVIL was organized in
1867, as a corps of native police under
the leadership of Spanish officers for the
purpose of dealing with outlaws and
renegades.
- Judicial power of the government was
vested on the AUDIENCIA REAL.
- AUDIENCIA REAL did not only
adjudicate appeals for civil and criminal
cases, it also served as a forum for
settling important issues on governance
- There was no legislature in the
Philippines before the country was taken
over by the United States in 1898.
THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF
FILIPINO SOCIETY
- Philippine society then was feudalistic
as a consequence of the encomienda
system imposed by the colonizers.
- The social structure implemented by
the Spain was pyramidal due to the
colonizers adherence to the doctrine of
limpieza de sangre or PURITY OF
BLOOD.
PENINSULARES
- Spaniards born in Spain
INSULARES
- Spaniards born in the Philippines
SPANISH, PRINCIPALIA, CHINESE
MESTIZOS
- ruling of the class of native elites
composed of gobernadorcillo, cabeza de
barangay, landowners, merchants and
wealthy native families
INDIOS OR NATIVES
- the brown skinned natives who
composed the majority of the people
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
- schools were under the control of the
friar
- primary education was not given
attention despite the establishment of
parochial schools in many towns
- by the use of vernacular language,
students learning was measured in
terms of how well they can parrot the
contents of a book even without a
comprehension
-by the end of the 19th century, only the
University of Santo Tomas was the
existing higher education institution in
the Philippines founded by the
Dominicans In 1611.
- the Spaniards also opened secondary
schools for boys during this period;
COLEGIO DE SANTO TOMAS, DE
SAN JUAN DE LETRAN
- secondary schools for girls; SANTA
ISABEL, LA CONCORDIA, SANTA
ROSA AND SANTA CATALINA
- the EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF 1863
was implemented in the colony
ROMERO (ET. AL 1978)
- over emphasis on religion
- limited and irrelevant curriculum
- obsolete classroom facilities
- inadequate instructional materials
- absence of academic freedom
- racial prejudice against the Filipinos in
schools
ECONOMIC SITUATION
- the country was opened to foreign
trade on 1834, which resulted in the
rapid rise in foreign firms in Manila.
- the growing prosperity of the
Philippines in the 19th century had
significant consequences
CHAPTER 4
UNIFICATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
UNDER SPANISH RULE
- Spain ruled the Philippines for more
than 300 years.
- Prior to her colonization of the
Philippines consisted of independent
and self - governing barangays , people
by diverse tribes.
- The country came to be known as
Philippines due to her three centuries of
colonial administration.
- The REDUCCION PLAN of Fr. Juan de
Plasensia was implemented, which
required the natives to live in the area
near the church.
EARLY RESISTANCE TO SPANISH
RULE
- Polo y servico ot forced label, galleon
trade
- indulto de commercio and government
monopolies
- discontent with Spanish rule was first
expressed in the regional revolts that
broke out in archipelago from 1574 to
1843
- majority of the early uprisings were
caused by the desire to regain their lost
freedom
- resistance to Spanish imposed
institutions was also a major cause of
the early revolts against the Spanish
rule
- other revolts were cause by agrarian
unrest, brought about by the desire of
the natives to recover the lands grabbed
from them by the friars
THE EMERGENCE OF FILIPINO
SENSE OF NATIONHOOD
- took place only during the last years of
Spanish rule in the 1890’s
- the development of nationalism in the
19th century was attributable to the
following factors:
- opening of the Philippines to world
commerce
- rise of clase media
- liberal regime of Carlos Ma. Dela Torre
- racial discrimination
- secularization controversy
- Cavite Mutiny in 1872
THE OPENING OF THE PHILLIPINES
TO WORLD COMMERCE
- consequence of Spain’s adoption of
the laissez faire policy
- Filipino intellectuals came to learn of
the revolutionary ideas of John Locke
and Jean Jacques Rousseau
- Theory of Revolution and Social
Contract Theory
THE RISE OF THE CLASE MEDIA
- can be traced to the prosperity of a
relatively small class of mestizos and
the principalia or ruling elite who
benefited from the opening of the
country to foreign commerce and trade
LIBERAL REGIME OF CARLOS MA.
DELA TORRE
- the fall of Queen Isabela and the
triumph of liberalism in Spain in 1869
resulted into the appointment of Carlos
Ma. Dela Torre as governor general in
the Philippines in the same year
- he demonstrated his democratic and
liberal philosophy in governing the
country
- July 12, 1869 (LIBERTY SERENADE
OF 1869)
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
- the Spaniards considered the Filipinos
an inferior race and sarcastically called
them indios
- Discrimination of the Filipinos was
prevalent in the universities and
colleges, government offices, church,
court of justice
- FRAY MGUEL DE BUSTAMANTE in
his pamphlet entitled “SI TANDANG
BASYONG MACUNAT” portrayed the
Filipino as an individual with low mental
ability, incapable of acquiring European
education and fitted only to work in the
field and tend a carabao.
SECULARIZATION CONTROVERSY
- Secularization of parishes was the
transfer of ministries established by the
regular Spanish clergy to the Filipino
seculars.
- This issue cropped up when the
Jesuits were expelled from the country
in 1768.
- Leading the Filipino seculars in the
struggle was Fr. Pedro Pelaez, an
insular who rose to the position of vicar
capitular of Manila in 1861.
CAVITE MUTINY IN 1872
- On the night of January 20, 1872, a
mutiny broke out among Filipino soldiers
in the arsenal of Cavite under the
leadership of Sgt. La Madrid.
- This mutiny was brought about by the
abolition of their exemption from tribute
and forced labor by the Governor
General Izquierdo, previously enjoyed
by the Filipino soldiers and workers in
the arsenal of Fort San Felipe.
- The Filipinos deeply resented the
execution of Gomburza owing to their
innocence of the crime for which they
were tried.
RIZAL AND THE CAVITE MUTINY OF
1872
- Rizal was still very young when the
mutiny broke out.
- Although at his tender age, Rizal was
already cognizant of the deplorable
conditions of the country.
- In his letter to Ponce, dated April 18.
1889 (National Heroes Commission)
Chapter 5
Filipino nationalism
- Refers to the awakening and
support towards a political.
Unification of the Philippines under
Spanish rule.
- ruled the Philippines for more
than 300 years.
Early resistance to Spanish Rule.
Taxation without representation
Polo y servicio = forced labor.
Galleon trade
The emergence of the Filipino sense
of nationhood.
- Filipinos development of their
sense of nationhood.
The opening of the Philippines to
world commerce.
- Was a consequence of spain
adaptation.
The rise of clase of media.
- A new middle of class.
Liberal regime of Carlos Ma. Dela
torre
- Fall of queen Isabella and
triumph of liberalism of spain.

Racial discrimination
- Spaniards considered the Filipino
inferior.
Secularization Controversey.
- Parishes was the transfer of the
ministries.
Cavite Mutiny of 1872
- Broke out among Filipino soldiers
in the arsernal cavite.
Rizal and the Cavite Mutiny 1872.
- Rizal was still very young when
the mutiny broke out.
Chapter 6.Rizal childhood days in
calamba.
Calamba
- Was a hacienda town.
The hero’s first sarrow
Rizal children were bound together by
the ties of love and companion.
Devoted Son of the church
- He began to take part in the
family prayers.
Story of the moth
- Of the story told by dona teodora
to jose.
Rizal three Uncles
Uncle gregorio – was a lover of books,
he taught him to work hard.
Uncle Manuel
- Big ,strong and husky man.
- He looked after the physical
training.
- He encourage him to learn
swimming, fencing.
Uncle Jose
- He encourage him to paint,
sketch and sculpture.
Dog name
- Usman
Rizal as boy magician
- Rizal had interested in magic.
Influences on the hero’s boyhood.
- Influences which cause some to
be great and others not.
Hereditary influence.
- According to biological science
there are inherent qualities.
Environmental influence.
- Environment as well as heredity.
Aid of divine Providence
- greater than heredity