ICSE

1. (A) Define moment of couple.

(B) State the S.I. unit of moment of couple.
(C) Write the Relationship between the S.I. and C.G.S. unit of moment of couple.

2. (A) On what factor does the position of the centre of gravity of a body depend?
(B) Name the factors affecting the turning effect of a body.
(C) Where is the centre of gravity of the following objects situated?
(i) A triangular lamina
(ii) Hollow cone

3. (A) Calculate the resultant torque from the following diagram:

(B) A uniform metre rod is balanced at the 70 cm mark by suspending a weight of 50 gf at

the 40 cm mark and 200 gf at the 95 cm mark. Draw a diagram of the arrangement and
calculate the weight of the metre rod.

4. (A) The diagram below shows a pendulum having a bob of mass 80 g. P and R are
extreme position and Q is the mean position. The bob has velocity 5 m/s at position Q.
[𝑔 = 10 𝑁/𝑘𝑔]
Find the height ℎ in the given diagram.

(B) A body has kinetic energy 2500 J. If the mass of the body is 500 g, then find the
momentum of the body .
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(C) Surjit exerts a force of 150 N in pulling a cart at a constant speed of 10 𝑚 𝑠 –1 . Calculate
the power exerted.

(D) A boy weighing 40 kgf climbs up a stair of 30 steps each 20 cm high in 4 minute and a
girl weighting 30 kgf does the same in 3 minutes. Compare -
(A) the work done by them.
(B) the power development by them. (𝑔 = 10 𝑚 𝑠 –2 )

5. A block and tackle system of pulleys has velocity ratio 4.

(A) Draw a neat, labelled diagram of the system clearly indicating the points of
application and direction of load and effort.
(B) What is mechanical advantage if efficiency of machine is 80% ?
(C) What will be its V.R. if the weight of the movable block is doubled?

6. What is mechanical advantage of the pulley system in adjacent

diagram ? Consider it to be ideal machine.
If the free end of the string moves through a distance 𝑥, find the
distance by which the load is raised.

7. (A) Write relation between horse power and the SI unit of same physical quantity.
(B) Name the physical quantity measured in terms of calorie. How is calorie related to
the SI unit of that quantity.
(C) Define 1 kilowatt hour. How is it related to joule?
(D) What is the SI unit of energy ? How is the electron volt (eV) related to it?

8. (A) A body is acted upon by a force. State two conditions under which the work done
could be zero.
(B) A body is acted upon by a force. State conditions under which the work done could
be : (i) Positive (ii) Negative.
(C) What should the angle between forces and displacement be to get the
(i) Minimum work?
(ii) Maximum work?

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9. Write down the relation between mechanical advantage (M.A.) and velocity ratio (V.R.)
for –
(a) ideal machine
(b) practical machine
Also, differentiate between ideal machine and practical machine.

10. Lalit puts a pencil into a glass container having water and is surprised to see the pencil
in a different state.
(A) What change is observed in the appearance of the pencil?
(B) Name the phenomenon responsible for the change.
(C) Draw a ray diagram showing how the eye sees the pencil.

11. Complete the following diagrams :

(i) (ii) 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 42𝑜

(iii) 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 42𝑜 (iv) 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 42𝑜

(v) 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 42𝑜 (vi) 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑠 42𝑜

Imp.: Name the device other than the plane mirror which can be used to turn a ray of light
by 1800 . Draw diagram to support your answer. Name an instrument in which above
mentioned device is used. (Ans.: Prism binocular)

Incident ray on ∠ incident ∠ deviation Use

Perpendicular side 0𝑜 90𝑜 Periscope
Perpendicular side 45𝑜 0𝑜 Slide projector
Hypotenuse 0𝑜 180𝑜 Prism binocular

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12. (A) Name three factors that affects the lateral displacement of light as it passes
through a rectangular glass slab.
Answer: (i) The thickness of the glass slab: The lateral displacement increases with the increase in the thickness of
the glass slab.
(ii) The angle of incidence: It increases with the increase in the angle of incidence.
(iii) The refractive index of glass: The wavelength of light used. (It is more for violet light than for the red light.)

(B) State three factors on which the deviation of a ray of light through a prism depends.
Answer: (i) Angle of incidence - As the angle of incidence increases, first the angle of deviation decreases and reaches
to a minimum value for a certain angle of incidence. By further increasing the angle of incidence, the angle of
deviation is found to increase.
(ii) Material of prism (i.e.,on refractive index) - For a given angle of incidence, the prism with a higher refractive
index produces a greater deviation than the prism which has a lower refractive index.
(iii) Angle of prism - Angle of deviation increases with the increase in the angle of prism.
(iv) Colour or wavelength of light used- Angle of deviation increases with the decrease in wavelength of light.

(C) Name the factors affecting the critical angle for the pair of media.
Answer: (i) Effect of colour of light: The critical angle for a pair of media is less for the violet light and more for the
red light. Thus the critical angle increases with the increase in wavelength of light.
(ii) Effect of temperature: The critical angle increases with increase in temperature because on increasing
temperature of medium, its refractive index decreases.

(D) State the conditions required for total internal refraction of light to take place.
Answer: (i) light must travel from a denser medium to a rarer medium and
(ii) the angle of incidence inside the denser medium must be greater than the critical angle. i.e., ∠i > ∠c.

13. (A) Name one property of waves that do not change when the wave passes from one
medium to another. Why does that property not change?
(B) State two important laws of refraction.
(C) The refractive index of diamond is 2.42. What does this mean.
(D) Which colour of light travels fastest in any medium except air ?

14. (A) Complete the diagram below to show

the formation of an image of the object AB.
State three characteristics of the image.

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(B) Copy and complete the ray diagram to show the information
of the image of the object AB.
(a) Name the lens LL′.
(b) State the characteristics of the image.
(c) Name a device in which this principle is used.

(C) Complete the diagram given below to show the formation of

image of the object AB.
(a) Name the lens LL'.
(b) What are the points O and O' called?
(c) Where is the image formed?

15. (A) Figure represents the electromagnetic spectrum.

(a) Identify two features that is same for all radiations that form electromagnetic
spectrum.
(b) Fill in the blank spaces between visible light and radio waves by adding the names
of the radiations.
(c) State the radiation that has the shortest wavelength.

(B) (a) Name the subjective property of light related to its colour.
(b) Which colour of white light travels (a) fastest (b) slowest, in glass?
(c) Name two colours of the spectrum of white light which have frequency more than
green light.

(C) (a) Arrange the following radiations in the order of their increasing wavelength:
X-rays, infrared rays, radio waves, gamma rays and microwaves. [2]
(b) Name the radiation which is used for satellite communication? [1]
(c) The wavelength of X-rays is 0.01 Å. Calculate its frequency.

(D) (a) Give a list of five radiations in the order of their increasing wavelength, which make
the complete electromagnetic spectrum.
(b) Which of the radiation mentioned above has the highest penetrating power ?
(c) Write down two common properties of all the radiations mentioned above in part(a).

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(E) Name the radiations:

(a) That are used for photography at night.
(b) Used for detection of fracture in bones.
(c) Which wavelength range is from 10 nm to 400 nm?

(F) (i) Suggest one way in each case by which we can detect the presence of -
(a) Infrared radiations (b) Ultraviolet radiations
(ii) Give one use of –
(a) Infrared radiations (b) Ultraviolet radiations

(G) Give one use of each of the electromagnetic radiations given below:
(a) Microwave (b) Ultraviolet radiation (c) Infrared radiation

16. (A) State two ways by which the frequency of transverse vibrations of a stretched string
can be decreased.

(B) State one way of increasing the frequency of a note produced by an air column.

(C) Name the instrument which produces sound of single frequency.

17. In the diagram below, A, B, C, D are four pendulums suspended from the same elastic
string PQ. The length of A and C are equal
to each other while the length of pendulum
B is smaller than that of D. Pendulum A is
set into a mode of vibrations.
(i) Name the type of vibrations taking place
in pendulums B and D?
(ii) What is the state of pendulum C?
(iii) State the reason for the type of
vibrations in pendulums B and C.

18. (A) Which characteristics of sound will change, if there is a change in its –
(i) amplitude
(ii) frequency
(iii) Waveform ?

(B) A man playing a flute is able to produce notes of different frequencies. If he closes
the holes near his mouth, will the pitch of the note produced, increase or decrease?
Give a reason.

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(C) Name one property of waves that do not change when the wave passes from one
medium to another.

19. A man standing between two cliffs produces a sound and hears two successive echoes
at intervals of 3s and 4s respectively. Calculate the distance between the two cliffs.
The speed of sound in the air is 330𝑚𝑠 −1 .
Why will an echo not be heard, when the distance between the source of sound and the
reflecting surface is 12 m ?

20. (A) Define the term resistance. State its S.I. unit. Also, define the SI unit of resistance.
(B) Define specific resistivity of the material. State its S.I. unit.
(C) State the Ohm’s law.

21. (A) What are the factors on which resistance of the conductor depends?
Answer : There are four factors that influence the resistance in a conductor.
1) Thickness (cross sectional area of the wire),
2) length
3) Temperature
4) The fourth factor is the conductivity of the material that is used.

(B) What are the factors on which internal resistance of the cell depends?
Answer : Internal resistance of a cell depends upon the following factors:
1. The surface area of the electrodes : Larger the surface area of the electrodes, less is the internal
resistance.
2. The distance between the electrodes : As the distance between the electrodes increases, the internal
resistance of the cell also increases. It is also affected by the nature, concentration, and temperature of the
solution (electrolyte).
3. The nature and concentration of the electrolyte : Less ionic the electrolyte or higher the concentration of
electrolyte, grater is the internal resistance.
4. The temperature of the electrolyte : Higher the temperature of the electrolyte, less is the internal
resistance.

➢ A cell of e.m.f (ε) and internal resistance (𝑟) is used to send current to an external
resistance R. Write expresssions for
(a) the total resistance of circuit, (b) the current drawn from the cell.
(c) the p.d. across the cell and (d) voltage drop inside the cell.

𝜀 𝜀 𝜀
Answer : (a) 𝑅 + 𝑟 (b) (c) ×𝑅 (d) ×𝑟
𝑅+𝑟 𝑅+𝑟 𝑅+𝑟

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22. (i) Two fuse wires of the same length are rated 5 A and 2 A. Which of the two fuse wires
is thicker and why?
(ii) Two copper wires are of the same length, but one is thicker than the other -
(a) Which wire will have more resistance?
(b) Which wire will have more specific resistance?
(iii) Which of the two wires of similar dimensions - copper or nichrome, would you use
for the electric heater element? Give reasons to justify your answer.

23. (A) A 4 Ω wire is doubled on it. Calculate the new resistance of the wire. [Ans. 1Ω]

(B) In the network shown in adjacent fig. calculate the equivalent resistance between
the points (a) A and B, (b) A and C [1.5Ω, 2Ω]

(C) A circuit is made out of a battery (or emf 9 𝑉 and internal resistance 0.6 Ω)
connected to three resistors A, B and C (4)
(i) What is the combined resistance of B and C?
(ii) What is the total resistance of A, B and C?
(iii) What is the total resistance of the circuit?
(iv) Find the current flowing in each of the three resistors
A, B and C.
(iv) Find the potential drop across inner resistance.

[2.4 Ω, 4.4 Ω, 5 Ω, A − 1.8A, B − 1.08A, C − 0.72A, 1.08V]

24. (A) Name the material used for :

(i) filament of an electric bulb,
(ii) heating element of a room heater.
(iii) Electric fuse
(iv) Connecting wire.
(v) Resistance wires.

(B) In what unit does the domestic electric meter measure the electrical energy
consumed? State the value of unit in SI unit.

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(C) (a) Name the three wires of a cable with colours of their insulation, used to deliver
electric power to a house.
(b) What is the use of colour coding of wires of the cable?
(c) Name the colour code of the wire which is connected in the metallic body of an
appliance.
(d) Name the two wires which are at the same potential.
(e) To which wire is the company fuse (or MCB) connected ?
(f) To which wire is the main fuse (or double pole switch) connected
(g) What is the current rating of the company fuse (or MCB) ?
(h) State the characteristics required in a material to be used as on effective fuse wire.

25. (A) State a relation between electrical power, resistance and potential difference in an
electrical circuit.

(B) Write an expression for calculating electrical energy in terms of I, R, t.

(C) A single pole switch disconnects only the ……………………... wire from the appliance. A
double pole switch disconnects both the ………………….. wire and ………………….. wire
simultaneously. It is used as ………………….. at the distribution board.

26. The diagrams (a) and (b) given below are of a plug and a socket with arrow marked as
1, 2, 3 and 4, 5, 6 respectively on them.
(A) Identify and write live (L), neutral (N) and the earth (E) against the correct number.
(B) Why is pin (1) made longer and thicker?

27. (a) Which part of an electrical appliance is earthed?

(b) What is meant by the rating ‘5 ampere fuse’ ?
(c) What precautions would you observe while handling electrical appliances ?

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28. The diagram below shows an insulated copper wire wound around a hollow card board
cylindrical tube. Answer the questions that follow:

(A) What are the magnetic poles at A and B when the key K is closed?
(B) State two ways to increase the strength of the magnetic field in this coil without
changing the coil.
(C) If we place a soft iron bar at the centre of the hollow cardboard and replace
the DC source by an AC source then will it attract small iron pins toward itself when
the current is flowing through the coil?
Answer : (A) As current is flowing in anti-clockwise direction as seen from A and in clockwise direction as seen from
B, hence poles are : A → North pole B → South pole
(B) (i) By reducing resistance in rheostat so that magnitude of current increases in the coil, m increasing
strength of magnetic field. (ii) By placing soft iron core inside the coil.
(C) A.C. changes its direction continuously. So alternately N & S pole will be formed at any end. Hence it will
not attract small iron pins as polarity changes rapidly.

29. (A) Why does a current carrying, freely suspended solenoid rest along a particular
direction?
(B) State the direction in which it rests.
(C) State the Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction?
Answer : (A) As it behaves due to a bar magnet due to magnetic effect of electric current. So, it rest in North-South
direction due to the presence of earth’s magnetic field.
(B) Geographic north-south direction.
(C) Faraday discovered that, by varying the magnetic field with time, an electric field could be generated. The
phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction. Faraday shows that there will be no current in the
galvanometer when bar magnet is stationary with respect to the loop.

30. (A) Name two factors on which the force experienced by a conductor carrying current,
placed in a magnetic field, depends. Also state how these factors affect the force.
(B) With the help of which rule you can determine the direction of force acting on a
current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field?
Answer : (A) Factors on which the force experienced by a conductor carrying current, placed in a magnetic field depends
are: (a) Magnitude of current in the conductor. (b) Magnitude of external magnetic field. As magnitude of
current or magnetic field is increased, force also increases.
(B) Flemming's Left Hand Rule.

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(C) A compass needle is placed near a current carrying wire. State your observation
for the following cases and give reason for the same in each case:
(i) Magnitude of electric current in the wire is increased.
(ii) The compass needle is displayed away from the wire.
Answer : (i) Deflection in magnetic needle increases when magnitude of electric current in the wire is increased. The
reason is that the strength of magnetic field produced by conductor is directly proportional to the amount of
current flowing through it.
(ii) Deflection in magnetic needle decreases when the compass needle is displaced away from the wire. The reason
is strength of magnetic field produced by conductor is inversely proportional to the distance from the conductor.

31. (A) On what factors does the force experienced by a straight conductor placed in a
magnetic field depend?
(B) Fleming stated two laws involving left hand and right hand. Which law is applicable
when:
(a) Electric energy change into mechanical energy?
(b) Mechanical energy change into electric energy?
Answer : (A) Force experienced by current carrying conductor depends upon the:
(1) Strength of the current flowing through the rod.
(2) Magnetic intensity of the pole pieces.
(3) Length of the conductor within the pole pieces of the magnet.
(B) (a) Fleming’s left-hand rule. (b) Fleming’s right-hand rule.

32. From the diagram given below :

(i) What will you observe when:
(a) the magnet is dropped into the coil?
(b) the number of turns of the coil is increased?
(ii) What will be the direction of current flowing
through the coil when the magnet is dropped in
clockwise or anticlockwise?
(iii) State the law which explains this observation.

Answer : (i) (a) As the magnet enters the coil, a momentary deflection is observed in the galvanometer.
(b) On increasing the number of turns in the coil, the deflection as observed in part (a) increases.
(ii) From the above we can say, the direction of current will be anticlockwise.
(iii) According to Lenz’s law, The direction of induced e.m.f or induced current is such that it opposes the cause
which produces it. As a result, the end of coil near the N pole of magnet becomes north pole.

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33. The diagram shows a coil connected to a galvanometer G. The galvanometer shows a
deflection occur in the galvanometer?
(i) Explain, why the deflection
occurs in the galvanometer?
(ii) Does the direction of the current
in the coil appear clockwise or
anticlockwise when viewed from
end A?
(iii) State the observation in G when
the coil is moved away from N.
(iv) State the observation in G when both the coil and the magnet are moved to the right
at the same speed.
Answer : (i) The deflection in the galvanometer occurs because of change in magnetic flux linked with the coil which
results in formation of induced 𝑒𝑚𝑓 and further induced current due to the phenomena called electromagnetic
induction.
(ii) The direction of current appears to be anti-clockwise from point A because at point A there is formation of
North pole and at point B there is formation of South pole.
(iii) When the coil is moved away from the north pole the direction of induced current gets reversed because
point A now becomes South pole and point B now becomes North pole due to change in magnetic flux linked with
the coil. So, the galvanometer will show deflection to the left side.
(iv) There would be no observation change in galvanometer as the magnet and closed coil are moving with same
speed and have no relative motion. For formation of induced emf, there must be relative motion between magnet
and coil.

34.
(A) (a) What is the principle of method of mixtures?
(b) What is the other name given to it?
(c) Name the law on which the principle is based.

(B) (a) Define the term heat and state its S.I. unit.
(b) Define the term 'calorie'.
(c) How is the unit calorie related to the S.I. unit stated in part (a) ?

(C) (a) Define the term ‘heat capacity’. State its S.I. unit.
(b) Define the term 'specific heat capacity'. State its S.I. unit
(c) Write the approximate value of specific heat capacity of water in S.I. unit.
(a) Explain the meaning of the statement ‘the heat capacity of a vessel is 10 𝐽 𝐾 −1 ’.
(b) Explain the meaning of the statement the specific heat capacity of copper is
399 𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1 °𝐶 −1 .

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(E) Specific heat capacity of substance A is 3.8 J/g K, whereas the specific heat capacity of
substance B is 0.4 J/g K. [2014]
(i) Which of the two is good conductor of heat?
(ii) How is one led to the above conclusion?
(iii) If substances A and B are liquid, then which one would be more useful in car
radiators?

35. (A) Two substances A and B of same mass are heated equally for the same time. The
temperature of A rises much more than that of B.
(i) Which substance is of high specific heat capacity ?
(ii) Which substance is more conducting ?

(B) (i) Why is the base of a cooking pan generally made thick?
(ii) How is the transference of heat energy by radiation prevented in a calorimeter?
Answer : This is done by polishing the inner and outer surface of the copper calorimeter and the space between the
copper vessel and the insulating container is filled with some poor conductor like wood wool or glass wool.
(iii) You have a choice of three metals A, B and C of specific heat capacities 900
𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1 °𝐶 −1 , 380 𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1 °𝐶 −1 and 460 𝐽 𝑘𝑔−1 °𝐶 −1 respectively, to make a calorimeter.
Which material will you select? Justify your answer.

(C) (a) Define : Calorimetry

(b) State three factors on which the heat energy gained or lost by a body depends.

(D) Explain the following :

(a) The farmers fill their fields with water in winter.
(b) Water is used to store juice bottles in cold countries.
(c) Water is used in hot water bottles for fomentation.
(d) Calorimeter is made up from thin sheet of copper.
(e) Water is a suitable cooling liquid to be used in the radiator of car engine.

(E) (a) Define the term ‘specific latent heat of fusion’. State its S.I. unit
(b) Define the term 'specific latent heat of vaporisation'. State its S.I. unit
(c) Write the approximate values of –
(i) the specific latent heat of fusion of ice
(ii) the specific latent heat of vaporisation of steam

36.
(A) (a) Ice is more effective in cooling than the cold water, both at 0°C. Explain.
(b) Which contains more heat : 1 g water at 0°C or 1 g ice at 0°C ? Give reason.
(c) In cold countries, the surroundings become pleasantly warm when freezing of water
starts. Give reason.
(d) Explain, why the weather becomes very cold after a hailstorm?

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(B) Give the harmful effects of global warming on lakes and oceans found frozen during
winter.
(i) Name a gas caused by the greenhouse effect.
(ii) Which property of water makes it an effective coolant?

(C) A solid material is supplied with heat at constant rate. The temperature of the material
is changing with the heat input as shown in the figure. Study the graph carefully and
answer the following questions.

(i) What do the horizontal regions AB and CD represent?

(ii) If CD = 2AB, what do you infer?
(iii) The slope of OA > the slope of BC. What does this indicate?
Answer : (i) The horizontal portion AB represents the change of state from solid to liquid at constant temperature.
This gives the latent heat of fusion. Similarly, CD represents the change of state from liquid to vapour state at
constant temperature. This gives the latent heat of vapourisation.
(ii) When CD = 2AB, the latent heat of vapourisation is twice the latent heat of fusion of that substance.
(iii) the specific heat of the liquid state is more than that of the solid state.

(D) A piece of ice is heated at a constant rate. The variation of temperature with heat input
is shown in the graph here.
(a) What are represented by AB and CD?
(b) What conclusion can you draw regarding the
nature of ice from the above graph?
(c) It takes a much longer time to boil off
(change to steam) a certain quantity of water,
rather than bring it to its boiling point from
room temperature, say 25°C. Explain the reason
for this.

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37. (a) Compare the ionising power of 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 radiations.

(b) Compare the penetrating powers of 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 radiations.
(c) Compare the biological damage caused by the 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 radiations.
(d) Compare the speeds of 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 radiations.

38.
(A) (i) 12 𝑀𝑔 24 emit 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 particle and is transformed to aluminium. What is the mass
number and the atomic number of aluminium?
(ii) Aluminium emit 𝛾-rays. What is the resulting nucleus?
(a) Which radiation or particle from radioactivity produces maximum biological
damage?
(b) State three precautions that must be taken while handling a radioactive source.

(B) An atomic nucleus A is composed of 84 protons and 128 neutrons. The nucleus A emits
an alpha particle and is transformed into a nucleus B.
(i) What is the composition of B?
(ii) The nucleus B emits a beta particle and is transformed into a nucleus C. What
is the composition of C?
(iii) What is mass number of the nucleus A?
(iv) Does the composition of C change if it emits gamma radiations?
Answer : (i) The composition of B is No. of proton = 82 and No. of neutron = 126.
(ii) The composition of C is No. of proton = 83 and No. of neutron = 125.
(iii) Mass number of the nucleus A = 212.
(iv) No, the composition of a nucleus does not change if it emits gamma radiation.

39. (i) Define radioactivity.

(ii) Give one use of radio isotopes.
(iii) What is meant by background radiation? Mention two possible sources of
background radiations.

40. A nucleus 𝑍 𝑋 𝐴 emit an alpha particle followed by 𝛾 −emission, then it emits two beta
-particles to form 𝑋3
(i) Copy and complete the value of A and Z for 𝑋3 :
−𝛼 −𝛾 −2𝛽
𝐴
𝑍𝑋 → 𝑋1 → 𝑋2 → 𝑋3
(ii) Out of 𝛼, 𝛽 and 𝛾 radiation,
(a) Which radiation is the most penetrating?
(b) Which radiation are negatively charged?

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