Electric Machines

EEE371
Lab Report # 6

Name Osama Afzal

Registration Number FA19-BEE-170

Class BEE-6C

Instructor’s Name Sir Adeel Iqbal

 Lab # 6: Three-phase transformer: star and delta
transformation

Objectives
 Familiarization with three phase transformer trainer and its connections
 To derive the voltage and phase relationships of commonly used three phase transformer
connections.

Pre Lab

Background Theory
Every three-phase device (e.g. transformers, generators or motors) has elements or windings that
can be segregated into three divisions. It is usual to describe each division as a phase. The two
usual ways of connecting the three divisions are known as star and delta. Figure 6.1 shows the
two connections.

Figure 6. 1

The term Vline refers to the line voltage, that is, the voltage between any two lines of a three phase
system. The term Vphase refers to the phase voltage, that is, the voltage between a line and a
common reference potential (generally neutral). However, this should be regarded with care as it
can also be used to mean the voltage across the winding or windings associated with one phase.
Delta connected windings
It can clearly be seen from Figure 6.2(a) that for the delta connected system the phase voltage is
the same as the line voltage. Hence:

Vphase = Vline

Figure 6. 2

This is demonstrated in Figure 6.2. Figure 6.2(a) shows how the voltages in the windings sum to
zero. Figure 6.2(b) shows the three voltages as separate phasors, symmetrically spaced at 120 o to
each other. Note there is no neutral point.

Star connected windings

Consider the voltages in the system. From Figure 6.1(b), it is apparent that each line voltage is
the phasor difference of two of the phase voltages. That is, the line voltage V AB is obtained by
subtracting VB from VA. Figure 6.3 shows the phasor diagram for the voltages in the star
connected system.
 Figure 6. 3

From this the relationship between the phase and the line voltages can be calculated.

Pre Lab Tasks

1. How to calculate Vp and VL with meter?
ANSWER: Wattmeter is used to measure the line and phase voltages directly. To calculate
the phase voltage one knob of the wattmeter is placed across a line of the three-phase
transformer and the other one at the neutral (common ground). Whereas for line voltage
both the knobs are placed across any two lines of a three phase system.

2. What is the line voltage in a delta connected winding rated at Vphase = 230V?
ANSWER: As Vphase=Vline in delta connected windings so line voltage will also be 230V

3. What is the line voltage in a star connected winding rated at Vphase = 230V?
ANSWER: As Vline=1.732*Vphase in star connected windings so line voltage will be equal
to 398.37V.

4. Which voltages are greater? VP or VL?

ANSWER: Voltage VL is greater from the following relationship: Vline=1.73*Vphase
In Lab Tasks

Lab Task 1: Delta-star connected transformer

1. Ensure that the Universal Power Supply 60-105 is switched off.
2. Make the connections shown in Figure 6.4.
3. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switch for the V1
channel to ‘500 V’ and for the V2 channel to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-
500. This allows appropriate voltages to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets
are connected.
4. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105 , ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is
set to 0% then set the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’ to the on position.
5. Turn the dial on the power supply so that a voltage of 400V is indicated on the primary
virtual or conventional instrumentation V1.
6. Record the primary line voltage V1, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.1, Results
Table. Note for a delta-connected primary, the phase and line voltages are the same.
7. Record the secondary phase voltage and secondary line voltage as read on virtual or
conventional instrumentation V2, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.1, Results
Table.
8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105
and then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.

Figure 6. 4 Circuit Diagram of Delta-star

Practical 6.1 Results Table

Lab Task 2: Star-star connected transformer

1. Ensure that the Universal Power Supply 60-105 is switched off.

2. Make the connections shown in Figure 6.5.

3. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switch for the V1 channel
to ‘500 V’ and for the V2 channel to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-500. This
allows appropriate voltages to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets are connected.

4. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105 , ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is set to
0% then set the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’ to the on position.

5. Turn the dial on the power supply so that a voltage of 400V is indicated on the primary
virtual or conventional instrumentation V1.

6. Record the primary line voltage V1, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.2, Results Table.

7. Record the secondary phase voltage and secondary line voltage as read on virtual or
conventional instrumentation V2, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.2, Results Table.

8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105 and
then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.
 Figure 6. 5 Circuit Diagram of Star-Star

Practical 6.2 Results Table

Lab Task 3: Star-delta connected transformer

1. Ensure that the Universal Power Supply 60-105 is switched off.
2. Make the connections shown in Figure 6.6.

3. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switch for the V1 channel
to ‘500 V’ and for the V2 channel to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-500. This
allows appropriate voltages to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets are connected.

4. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105 , ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is set to
0% then set the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’ to the on position.

5. Turn the dial on the power supply so that a voltage of 400V is indicated on the primary
virtual or conventional instrumentation V1.

6. Record the primary line voltage V1, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.3, Results Table.

7. Record the secondary phase voltage and secondary line voltage as read on virtual or
conventional instrumentation V2, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.3, Results Table.

8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105 and
then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.
 Figure 6. 6 Circuit Diagram of Star-delta

Practical 6.3 Results Table

Lab Task 4: Delta-delta connected transformer

1. Ensure that the Universal Power Supply 60-105 is switched off.

2. Make the connections shown in Figure 6.7.

3. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switch for the V1 channel
to ‘500 V’ and for the V2 channel to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-500. This
allows appropriate voltages to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets are connected.

4. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105 , ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is set to
0% then set the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’ to the on position.

5. Turn the dial on the power supply so that a voltage of 400V is indicated on the primary
virtual or conventional instrumentation V1.

6. Record the primary line voltage V1, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.4, Results Table.

7. Record the secondary phase voltage and secondary line voltage as read on virtual or
conventional instrumentation V2, on a copy of the appropriate Practical 6.4, Results Table.

8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105 and
then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.
 Figure 6. 7 Circuit Diagram of Delta-Delta

Practical 6.4 Results Table

Critical Analysis/Conclusion
In this lab, we worked with three-phase transformers. For the first task, we made a delta-
star connection in which the primary side was delta-connected and the secondary was
star-connected. We observed that the phase and line voltages on primary side were equal
but different on the star-connected side. For the second task, we made a star-connected
primary and a star-connected secondary too. We observed that both the line and phase
voltages were different on the primary side as well as the secondary side. For the third
task, we made a star-connected primary and a delta-connected secondary. Our results
showed us that the line and phase voltage on the primary side were different but same on
the secondary side. Moreover, for the last task we made a delta-connected primary and a
delta-connected secondary and observed that both the line and phase voltages were equal
on the primary side as well as the secondary side.
The reason for making all the different types of connections was to get the idea of
difference between line and phase voltages of the type of connections and in what
conditions that type of connection would be useful.