Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

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Analysis of factors influencing formwork material selection in

construction buildings
V. Rajeshkumar, S. Anandaraj, V. Kavinkumar, K.S. Elango
Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: Formwork material selection is a crucial factor for the successful completion of the project. Selection of
Received 22 May 2020 the right formwork material is essential for faster construction and improved productivity. The study
Accepted 3 June 2020 reports the factors influencing the selection of different formwork material in the construction of high
Available online xxxx
rise buildings through structural questionnaire survey from the client, contractor, consultant, and inter-
views with expert members. Total of 40 technical factors was identified from the literature and 220 filled
Keywords: questionnaires were received from the respondent in the state of Tamilnadu in India. The top ten factors
Formwork system
identified as having a significant impact on formwork material selection are the accessibility to work,
Factor analysis
Correlation
quality, surface finish, storage of formwork, capital cost, safety, layout of structures, lifespan, exposure
India to environment and labor cost. Additionally, from factor analysis 22 factors were identified to have a cor-
relation with one another and the remaining 18 factors excluded since they do not have a correlation
with other factors. The findings provide a better understanding of the factors influencing formwork selec-
tion in the Indian context and will aid construction practitioners in making effective plans and increase
the existing knowledge in relation to formwork material selection and can reduce the formwork waste.
Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer-
ence on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering: Materials Science.

1. Introduction ent types of formworks are available in construction. Among which

Construction is one of the important sectors in the world. Con-
struction involves huge investment and plays an important role in
growth of several other sectors in economy. Globally construction
of high rise buildings is increasing in order to save time and space.
In construction industry formwork plays an important role. Form-
work contributes a major part of cost in construction and gives
shape to the fresh concrete and also support the fresh concrete
to gain its strength to carry on its own weight [9]. It shares a con-
siderable cost in building construction. Formwork cost 40 to 60% of
structural work in construction. Formwork should have good qual-
ity in terms of strength, durability and rigidity and it should be safe
to workers and concrete structures and should possess good effi-
ciency in operation, easy to handle and dismantle and should be
economical. It should be strong enough to withstand the dead
and live load. Therefore choosing a correct formwork becomes
essential in construction. Incorrect selection of formwork will lead
to increase in cost and time overrun in construction project. Differ-
E-mail addresses: kavinkumar@kpriet.ac.in (V. Kavinkumar), elango.ks@kpriet.
ac.in (K.S. Elango)
choosing an appropriate system of formwork is crucial factor in
successful completion of project in term of time, cost, quantity
and safety (Hanna A.S. 1998). The advancement in technology
and population increase leads to construction of high rise buildings
in small area [11]. In high rise reinforced concrete building, selec-
tion of formwork system based on site condition is essential for
project completion. An appropriate formwork system is always
cost and labor effective. Formwork always determines the cycle
per floor of high rise building which affects the construction cost
and subsequent activities [12]. Selection of formwork for a con-
struction is mostly based on experience or decided by the high
level authority in an organization. This alone will not lead to selec-
tion of appropriate formworks. Hence it is necessary to find a tool
which selects the most useful formwork for a construction site
based on the constraints. Therefore choosing a correct formwork
will reduce the time and cost of the construction.
Formwork systems are classified in many ways, according to
size they are classified as small sized formwork and large sized
formwork. According to location of use, it is classified as timber
form and girder form, where timber is used for irregular frame
structures and girder form and climb forms are used for wall and

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.044
2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Newer Trends and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering:
Materials Science.

Please cite this article as: V. Rajeshkumar, S. Anandaraj, V. Kavinkumar et al., Analysis of factors influencing formwork material selection in construction
buildings, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.044
2 V. Rajeshkumar et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
column structures, where aluminum form is used for repeated reg-
ular section. Based on materials of construction it is classified as
timber, steel, aluminum and plastic formwork. According to nature
of operation crane independent, crane dependent and tunnel type
formwork system are available. There are different types of form-
work available and are being used in the construction of reinforced
concrete structure. A plywood form is the oldest type of the form-
work used in the construction industry. This is used for small con-
struction works. This formwork is more expensive in usage of
labor, it is time consuming process, it is difficult to carry install
and dismantle. It has very poor surface finishing. Steel formworks
are fabricated of thin steel plates. Different panels can be joined by
clamps or bolts and nuts. These formworks are used in a place
where reuse of shuttering is needed. These are stronger and dur-
able. Aluminum formworks are made from high strength alu-
minum alloys. The panels are joined by pin of wedge
arrangement system. These are light in weight and reuse of form-
work is more. Installation and dismantling is very easy and have
very good surface finish. Plastic formworks are very light in weight
and can be installed easily and save time and money and are cost
effective. The panels can be attached with each other with the help
of locking handles. These are easier to clean and can be reused
instantly and have good surface finish.
Selection of a formwork for a high rise building mainly depends
on individual’s experience or by the senior members of an organi-
zation and the availability of the formwork system. This type of
selection may result in cost expensive or faculty selection. The
owner of an organization aims to reduce the overall cost of the pro-
ject with specified quality and safety. Since, formwork is a costly
item in construction he must be involved in formwork selection
system process. Designer should design the building in such a
way that it should have more number of similar size structures
so that formwork can be used repeatedly which will reduce the
cost and increase the productivity.
2. Literature review
Selecting the form work for high rise building cannot be done
instantly. It consumes time in decision making based on the site
constraints, availability and cost of the project. These are different
factors which affects the formwork system selection. Emad et al.
[5] used fuzzy logic model for selecting vertical formwork system
for project and this model was tested by applying it on real-life
case study. Neural network model was used by Tam et al. [13]
for selection of vertical formwork system. Patel Abhiyan et al. [9]
made questionnaire from the literature study and distributed to
various contractor and distributors of formwork in various parts
of south Gujarat region to find the most critical factors influencing
the selection of formwork system. A formwork system selection
model using the Adaboost algorithm was proposed by Shin et al.
[12] to select the formwork system for the construction. According
to Eder Marinez et al. [3] decision making methods was used for
formwork selection for housing project in Ecuador but due to
unsuitability in decision making, he implemented choosing by
advantages decision making method in selecting formwork selec-
tion. Elbetagi et al. (2011) developed a model for horizontal form-
work system selection using fuzzy logic in Egypt. A hybrid
approach of Neural-Networks and Analytic Hierarchy Process was
proposed by Elazouni et al. [4] to estimate the acceptability of
new horizontal formwork system in Egypt. Similarly Hanna A.S.
et al. [6] describes the development and knowledge acquisition
of an expert system to assist the formwork designer in making
decision. This was developed keeping in mind the people who
involved in all phases of the formwork from erection till removal.
Formwork development paralleled the growth of concrete con-
Please cite this article as: V. Rajeshkumar, S. Anandaraj, V. Kavinkumar et al., Analysis of factors influencing formwork material selection in construction
buildings, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.044
struction throughout the twentieth century. In order to maintain
quality and economy in construction, formwork designers and
builders keeps in mind- the technological advancements in build-
ing the formwork materials (Hurd, 1989). A decision support tool
was made and given to contractor and consultants for vertical
formwork system selection using fuzzy logic Kambekar et al. [7]
used mamdani type fuzzy rule to make assessment model for
selection of vertical formwork system. He identified nine formwork
selection factors and ranked in terms of importance for each inter-
national group of contractors. Costs, quality of concrete and degree
of repetition, are found to be the principal formwork selection cri-
teria in his work. Correlation analysis was made for the selection
factors for formwork. D.G. Proverbs et al. [10].
In summary, an understanding of formwork selection factor
from various projects is essential for quick selection of formwork
system in high rise building construction.
3. Research method
The formwork material selection will have a great impact on
project success and it needs a detailed study of completed research
projects. This research needs a documented data of completed pro-
ject. For that, a questionnaire survey method is used as a tool [8].
The overall outcomes of the project are identified from the selected
professionals (contractor, owner and consultant) from design and
construction firms for formwork selection.
4. Questionnaire development
The identification and understanding of the formwork selection
factors at the starting stage of the project plays an important role
in successful project completion. The questionnaires were obtained
from the previous research papers and from the expert members
through pilot survey and interviews with construction profession-
als. The professionals provided valuable suggestions in framing the
questionnaire, which was helpful in refining the factors in clearer
language. The pilot survey and interviews resulted in 40 factors
which affects the selection of formwork system in high rise build-
ings. In order to accurately identify the critical factors, several
interviews were conducted with owners, contractors and consul-
tants. The interviewers were selected based on their experience
and organizational position and the same were conducted with
individuals employed at senior managerial levels of their compa-
nies. The respondents were requested to rate each factor using five
point scale of 1 to 5, where 5 = Strongly Agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = Neu-
tral, 2 = Disagree and 1 = Strongly Disagree.
5. Respondent profile
The total questionnaire prepared is about 280 and is distributed
among contractor firms, consultant firms and client firms. From
them, about 220 filled questionnaires were received. One hundred
and twenty (120) questionnaires which is about 42.8% has been
distributed to the contractor firms and the responses received from
them is ninety three (93) which is about 42.2% from the overall
responses received. Similar to that ninety (90) questionnaires
which is about 32.1% has been distributed to the consultant firms
and the responses received from them is seventy (70) which is
about 31.8% from the overall responses received. Whereas seventy
(70) questionnaires which is about 25% has been distributed to the
client firms and the responses received from them is fifty seven
(57) which is about 25.9% from the overall responses received.
The work experience of the respondents was taken in years cat-
egory. The experience in years is categorized in three zones as less
than five years (<5 years), between five and twenty years (5–
 V. Rajeshkumar et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx 3

20 years) and with experience more than 20 years (>20 years). The Table 1
contractor firms, consultant firms and client firms have been cate- Ranking of Attributes.

gorized under these three zones of experience. The respondents Description Mean RII Rank
with less than five years of experience is 22 which is about 10% Accessibility to work 4.962 0.874 1
of the total respondents, the respondents with experience between Quality 4.874 0.866 2
five years and twenty years is 114 which is about 51.8% of the total Surface finish 4.653 0.857 3
respondents and greater than twenty years is 84 which is 38.18% of Storage of formwork 4.481 0.823 4
Capital cost 4.383 0.812 5
total respondents. The respondents with less than five years Safety 4.189 0.807 6
includes 4 respondents from contractor firms in percentage of Layout of structure 4.07 0.794 7
about 18.1%, 8 respondents from consultant firms in percentage Lifespan 4.035 0.774 8
of about 36.3% and 10 respondents from client firms in percentage Exposure to environment 4.012 0.765 9
Labor cost 3.992 0.754 10
of about 45.4%, following to that the respondents with experience
Availability 3.937 0.744 11
between five years and twenty years includes 50 respondents from Load carrying capacity 3.649 0.741 12
contractor firms in percentage of about 43.8%,35 respondents from Reshoring requirements 3.445 0.741 13
consultant firms in percentage of about 30.7% and 29 respondents Material not stored near to the site 3.44 0.731 14
from client firms in percentage of about 25.4% combined to that Maintenance cost 3.415 0.728 15
Adaptability 3.29 0.726 16
the respondents with more than twenty years includes 39 respon-
Floor height 3.358 0.713 17
dents from contractor firms in percentage of about 46.4%, 27 Climate conditions 3.208 0.701 18
respondents from consultant firms in percentage is about 32.1% Insufficient instructions about storage and stacking 3.184 0.693 19
and 18 respondents from client firms in percentage of about 21.4%. Transportation cost 3.151 0.688 20
Duration of Project 3.129 0.688 21
Questionnaire survey also includes the number of projects exe-
Type of structure 3.104 0.683 22
cuted by the contractor firm, consultant firm and client firms. It is Maintenance 3.017 0.681 23
categorized in three zones as less than ten projects, between ten Construction cycle time 3.06 0.676 24
and twenty and more than twenty projects. Under the total Site condition 3.031 0.675 25
respondents, seven respondents is from contractor firm, twelve Labor efficiency 2.896 0.668 26
Type of formwork 2.891 0.668 27
respondents from consultant firms and sixteen respondents from
Building dimension 2.741 0.666 28
client firms under the category of project executed less than ten Installation poolers 2.733 0.658 29
years. Under the total respondents thirty two respondents is from Dismantling poolers 2.599 0.635 30
contractor firm, twenty eight respondents from consultant firms Building height 2.358 0.614 31
Building shape 2.342 0.607 32
and twenty four respondents from client firms under the category
Formwork material 2.327 0.597 33
of project executed between ten and twenty years. Under the total Area of floor 2.03 0.585 34
respondents fifty four respondents is from contractor firm, thirty Number of floor 2.004 0.562 35
respondents from consultant firms and seventeen respondents Weight of formwork 1.999 0.553 36
from client firms under the category of project executed more than Repetition 1.943 0.541 37
shoring requirements 1.873 0.521 38
twenty years.
Insufficient instructions about handling 1.842 0.518 39
The questionnaire survey also includes the type of work Wrong storage of materials 1.784 0.518 40
involved by the contractor firms, consultant firms, client firms.
From the total respondents about 35% of the response is from
building projects, 30% of the responses is from industrial projects, lowest value as the less significant attributes. To make the mean-
35% of the responses is from commercial building projects. ingful interpretation of the ranking to the framed attributes, they
are just grouped into four categories such as the top order
6. Data analysis (RII  0.800), second order (0.800 > RII > 0.700), middle order
(0.700 > RII > 0.600), low order (0.600 > RII > 0.500). There are six
In need to determine the critical factor, mean score of the top order ranked attributes with RII  0.800, twelve second order
responses for the different project attributes is to be calculated ranked attributes with 0.800 > RII > 0.700, fourteen middle order
from the five-point scale used in the questionnaire. Chan and ranked attributes with 0.700 > RII > 0.600, Eight low order ranked
Kumaraswamy [1] suggested that each individual attribute such attributes with 0.600 > RII > 0.500.
as the mean and standard deviation are not reliable statistics to ‘Accessibility to work’ scored the highest rank with RII value of
access the overall rankings. Thus the overall relative ranking of 0.874 followed to that Quality, Surface finish, Storage of formwork
the attributes is based on the Relative Importance Index (RII) and and Capital cost are the top five factors with RII range from 0.866
it is evaluated using the following formula [2]. to 0.812. The accessibility to work and quality are preferred to be
X the project success in real time whereas inconvenience surface fin-
Relative Importance Index RII ¼ X i Y i =Z i  5 ish and storage of formwork leads to the failure of the projects and
it results in the increase of overall cost of the project. Analysis of
where, top 10 ranked factors shows that there was only a marginal differ-
ence in the importance attached to the factors related to each
RII = Relative Importance Index other. Overall, 32 out of 40 factors used for survey were deter-
Xi = number of responses to the factors mined to be critical in selection of formwork system for high rise
Yi = the value of rating buildings in the state of Tamilnadu, India.
Zi = total number of responses to the factor

Table 1 shows the descending order for the ranking of the pro-
ject attributes based on their relative importance calculated using
the above mentioned equation. Along with mean scores and RII
scores are also presented in the column. The critical attributes rep-
resents the highest value as the most significant attributes and the
7. Factor analysis
Factor analysis helps in identifying the most important factors
from number of possible causes. In this study Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
test and the Bartlett’s test of specificity [14] is used for factor anal-

Please cite this article as: V. Rajeshkumar, S. Anandaraj, V. Kavinkumar et al., Analysis of factors influencing formwork material selection in construction
buildings, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.044
4 V. Rajeshkumar et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

ysis. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin is the ratio of squared correlation
between the variables to the squared partial correlation between
the variables. The value of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin varies from 0 to 1.
If Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin values are close to 1 it indicates the correla-
tions are more compact and reliable factors. The factors that having
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value greater than 0.50 is considered for anal-
ysis in reference 40 factors were considered for Kaiser-Meyer-
Olkin analysis from which 22 factors are found to have correlation
with one another, which is shown in the Table 2 and remaining 18
factors are excluded from the factor analysis since they do not have
significant correlation with other factors. Bartlett’s test confirming
that there is a correlation matrix is an identical matrix, with a sig-
nificance value < 0.001.
The principal component analysis is adopted to reduce the
highly correlated formwork selection factor into smaller number
of key factors. Five principal components were extracted from
the identified 22 factors as shown in the table 2. The principal com-
ponents were extracted by specifying the minimum initial eigen-
value of 1.0. The five components, which cumulatively explain
64.10% of the total variance and all the factor loadings were greater
than 0.5.
To test the agreement among the respondent spearman’s rank
correlation was used among the three respondents. A high correla-
tion coefficient indicates strong agreement among the respondents
in ranking the factors. The table 3 shows the correlation coefficient
for the three pairs of respondents, namely Client/Contractor, Cli-
ent/Consultant and Consultant/Contractor. The analysis shows
the strong correlation among the three pairs of the respondent
on ranking the formwork system selection, as all the pairs showed
the significant loadings of 84.6%, 80.2% and 76.1% respectively.
8. Discussion of findings
8.1. Selection based on general aspects
The Table 2 shows the attributes which relates to the factor
based on the factor loading value. Factors are categorized based
on total variance; from that general aspect has the highest range
of total variance with a value of 19.50% under this five most impor-
tant attributes affiliated with formwork selection. Under the gen-
eral aspect, the first attribute that affords to the formwork
selection is quality (with factor loading = 0.971) is found to achieve
superior surface finish of any concrete. The second attribute that
comes in formwork selections is safety (with the factor load-
ing = 0.962) which provide proper access and working platform
arrangements to ensure workmen safety. Availability (with the fac-
tor loading = 0.873) has to be checked and purchased or rented in
prior, adaptability (with the factor loading = 0.818) has to be
checked while purchasing the formwork and duration of project
(with the factor loading = 0.809) has to be kept in mind and form-
work has to be maintained and stored in care are the remaining
three attributes which has the ability to learn from experience,
provides an effective solution in development and completion of
project on time.
8.2. Selection based on structural aspects

The second factor depending on total variance is structural

Table 2 aspect with a total variance value of 16.30%, three important attri-
Results of Total Variance Explained. butes lies under this category. From which accessibility to work
Description of factor and Factor Variance Cumulative (with the loading factor = 0.987) explained the expediency for the
attributes loading Explained working environment. Following to that the second attribute that
Factor 1: General aspects is the type of structure (with the loading factor = 0.944) which
Quality 0.971 19.50% 19.50% relates with member constructed separately or the members put
Safety 0.962 together. Next to that the third attribute that affords to formwork
Availability 0.873
selection is building dimension (with the factor loading = 0.652)
Adaptability 0.818
Duration of project 0.809 states that varying in size and shape results in the requirement
Factor 2: Structural aspect of different type of formwork.
Accessibility to work 0.987 16.30% 35.80%
Type of structure 0.944
Building dimensions 0.652 8.3. Selection based on formwork aspects
Factor 3: Formwork aspect
Load carrying capacity 0.934 13.20% 49.00% The third factor that related to formwork aspect comprising five
Type of formwork 0.911 attributed with total variance value of 13.20%. The load carrying
Lifespan 0.837
capacity (with the factor loading = 0.934) which help labour to
Weight of formwork 0.816
Construction cycle time 0.707 work in the heights and to lift the materials required for construc-
Factor 4: Environmental aspect tion from the ground level to the higher levels. Followed to that the
Exposure to environment 0.862 10.70% 59.70% second attribute, is type of formwork (with the factor load-
Site condition 0.829
ing = 0.911) which is categorized as vertical formwork and hori-
Climate condition 0.778
Insufficient instruction about 0.694 zontal formwork results in the construction of wall, column,
handling beam and slab. Lifespan of formwork (with the factor load-
Storage of formwork 0.560 ing = 0.837) which is treated as an important factor results in the
Factor 5: Cost aspect reuse of the formwork effectively, which reduces the cost of the
Capital cost 0.951 8.40% 68.10%
project. The fourth attribute that leads to formwork selection is
Maintenance cost 0.807
Labor cost 0.674 weight of formwork (with the factor loading = 0.816), which influ-
Transportation cost 0.619 ences the shuttering and de-shuttering process. Construction cycle
time (with the factor loading = 0.707), represents the formwork
that can be reused number of times effectively with proper
Table 3 maintenance.
Results of Spearman rank correlation coefficient.

Test Client/ Client/ Consultant/ 8.4. Selection based on environmental aspects

Contractor Consultant Contractor
Spearman rank correlation 0.846 0.802 0.761 The fourth factor having five important attributes with total
coefficient
variance value of 10.70%, exposure to environment (with the load-

Please cite this article as: V. Rajeshkumar, S. Anandaraj, V. Kavinkumar et al., Analysis of factors influencing formwork material selection in construction
buildings, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.044
 V. Rajeshkumar et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
ing factor = 0.862), indicates if the formwork is subjected to
repeated exposure results in the variation of size and leads to
replacement of formwork. Followed to that the second attribute
is site condition (with the loading factor = 0.829), it relates with
the accessibility to construction site. Climatic condition is the third
attribute (with the factor loading = 0.778), which formwork is
highly sensitive to weather conditions that leads to the increase
in the cost and time duration of project. The fourth attribute that
affects the formwork selection is insufficient instruction about
handling (with the factor loading = 0.694), the insufficient instruc-
tion leads to the damage in the formwork materials and requires
replacement of the formwork and further leads to cost overrun.
The fifth attribute is storage of formwork (with the factor load-
ing = 0.560), improper storage leads to damage and theft of
formwork.
8.5. Selection based on cost aspects
The final major factor cost aspect with total variance value of
8.40%, in which four important attributes lies under this category.
From cost aspect category the first attribute that affects the form-
work selection is capital cost (with the factor loading = 0.951)
which is the total cost or the one-time expenses of the project,
any issues may lead to the significant changes in the project cost.
Followed to that second attribute of formwork is maintenance cost
(with the factor loading = 0.807), includes types of repair and stor-
age of formwork influence the maintenance cost which results in
the increase in cost of the project. Labor cost (with the loading fac-
tor = 0.674) is the attributes in which work like erecting, removing
and cleaning results in the efficient completion of project within
the proposed budget. Finally the last attribute that affords to form-
work selection is transportation cost (with the factor load-
ing = 0.619), Where the formwork is to be transported from the
manufacturing unit to the work site and return back to the storage
yard once the project is completed.
9. Conclusion
This study identified the factors affecting the selection of form-
work material in high rise buildings from the state of Tamilnadu in
India. Client, Contractor and Consultant participated in a survey
intended to identify and rank the major factors influencing selec-
tion of formwork system in high rise buildings. Among 40 factors
Accessibility to work, quality, surface finish, storage of formwork,
capital cost, safety, layout of structures, lifespan, exposure to envi-
ronment and labor cost are the top 10 major factors identified in
the survey. This result is based on questionnaire survey with the
clients, contractors, consultants and other expected members and
provides decision making support for them in understanding of
what critical factors influencing the selection of formwork systems
in high rise buildings.
Based on the factor analysis 31 out of 40 factors were further
categorized into 5 group’s namely general aspects, structural
aspects, formwork aspects, environmental aspects and cost
aspects. As a result of this analysis more is known regarding the
formwork systems selection factors in high rise buildings.
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was carried out to test
of agreement of respondent which shows a strong level of agree-
ment among the three pairs of the respondent to the survey. It
demonstrates the validity and reliability of information and find-
ings from the research.
The research findings demonstrate the need to adopt effective
formwork selection at construction sites across the state. Construc-
tion of high rise buildings is in huge number and formwork is the
Please cite this article as: V. Rajeshkumar, S. Anandaraj, V. Kavinkumar et al., Analysis of factors influencing formwork material selection in construction
buildings, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.044
5
major cost factor in construction hence client, contractor and con-
sultant need to careful in selecting the formwork.
Results obtained from this research hope to benefit construc-
tion person across the state of Tamilnadu in assisting them in
selecting the formwork system in high rise buildings. This research
has identified factors impacting construction formwork selection
in the Indian context from the perspective of various project partic-
ipants, and the findings will aid construction site engineers in
appropriate selection of formwork material in construction
buildings.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing finan-
cial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared
to influence the work reported in this paper.
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[9] S. Kamarthi, V. Sanvido, S. Kumara, Neuroform-Neural Neural system for
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6 V. Rajeshkumar et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx

[10] D.E. Kim, Decision Support Models for Selection of Formwork Systems. MS
Thesis, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, 2006.
[11] T.H. Kim, Optimization of the Formwork Selection Process in Tall Buildings. MS
Thesis, Korea University, Korea, 2007.
[12] B. Mihirkumar, Naik, Hiren A. Rathod, A review on innovating formwork
systems, Int. J. Adv. Res. Eng. Sci. Manag. (2014).
[13] Patel Dhanashri Suryakant, D.B. Desai, Emerging trends in formwork- cost
analysis and effectiveness of mivan formwork over the conventional
formwork, J. Mech. Civil Eng. (2014).

Please cite this article as: V. Rajeshkumar, S. Anandaraj, V. Kavinkumar et al., Analysis of factors influencing formwork material selection in construction
buildings, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.044