INTRO TO LINGUISTICS

WORKSHEET 3

Labio Inter
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
dental dental

vl p t k
Stop
v b d g
vl
f  s ʃ h
Fricative
v v ð z ʒ
vl ʧ
Affricate
v ʤ
vl
Nasal
v m n ɳ

vl
Glide
v w j ʍ
vl
Liquid
v l
r

1. Stop – involving complete closure of two articulators with the velum raised.
2. Fricative - involving close approximation of two articulators; the air stream is partially
obstructed so that a turbulent airflow is produced, resulting in a hissing or rubbing sound.
3. Affricate - consisting of a stop released slowly into a homorganic fricative.
4. Nasal - involving complete closure of two articulators with the velum lowered.
5. Glide - are produced with very little constriction of airflow, often referred as semi-
vowels.
 6. Liquid - are produced by allowing air to pass by one or both sides of the tongue and
tongue itself can move a lot to shape the sound.

Place of Articulation:
1. Bilabial - both lips come together; the tongue is not involved but remains in the “rest
position”.
2. Labiodental - the lower lip is brought up against the upper front teeth; again the tongue is
in rest position.
3. Interdental - the tip of the tongue protrudes between the teeth or touches the back of the
upper teeth.
4. Alveolar - the tip of the tongue makes contact with the alveolar ridge.
5. Palatal - the front of the tongue is brought up against the palate.
6. Velar - the back, or dorsum, of the tongue is brought into contact with the velum.
7. Glottal - the vocal cords, functioning as articulators, make a brief closure.