𝐀𝐭𝐨𝐦 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬

Sunday, 3 January 2021 2:51 AM

𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐞
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental
unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬
𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
Molecule of an element consists of same kind of atoms (element) or
identical atoms combined chemically in a fixed ratio.

𝐌𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝
Molecule of a compound consists of different kinds of atoms (element)
combined chemically in a fixed ratio.

𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚
Chemical formula describes the chemical reactions.

Difference between an atom and a molecule:

Atom is the smallest particle (basic unit) of an element. Example,
Copper is an element and it is used to make electrical wire. Every
individual atom of this element has identical atoms.
Molecule is the smallest particle (basic unit) of a compound.
Molecule is the group of atoms, which is formed when identical
(same) atoms e.g. H2 (Hydrogen) or different kind (type) of atoms
combine chemically in a fixed ratio. Such as H2O (water), CO2
(Carbon Dioxide)
Difference between Mixture and Compound:
Mixture: It is formed when two or more substance combine
physically in a variable (different) ratio by mass. Examples, air,
ketchup, tooth-paste, milk, jelly, blood, sea-water, etc.
Compound: It is formed when two or more substance combine
chemically in a fixed ratio by mass. Examples, water forms with two
Hydrogen atoms and one Oxygen atom i.e chemically in a fixed
ratio.
Types of Molecules:
i. Molecule of an element.
ii. Molecule in a compound

Exercise No. 1 State the type of molecule

S. No. Name of Chemical Type of molecule

molecule Formula
1. Water H2O Molecule of a
compound
2. Oxygen gas O2 Molecule of an
element
3. Carbon Dioxide CO2
4. Ammonia gas NH3
5. Sulfur S8
6. Methane gas CH4
7. Ozone O3
8. Ethanol C2H5OH

Exercise No. 2 State the number of each kind of atoms in

molecules

S. No. Name of Chemical Number of each kind of atoms

molecule Formula in a molecule

1. Water H2O 2 Hydrogen atoms, 1

Oxygen atom
2. Hydrogen gas H2
3. Carbon CO
Monoxide
4. Carbon CCl4
Tetrachloride
5. Phosphorus P4
6. Sulfur Dioxide SO2
gas
7. Ozone O3
8. Methanol CH3OH

Exercise No. 3 Name the elements present in the following

molecules.

S. No. Name of Chemical Name of each kind of

molecule Formula atoms in a molecule

1. Carbon CO2 Carbon, Oxygen

Dioxide
2. Chlorine gas Cl2
3. Methane gas CH4
4. Carbon CCl4
Tetrachloride
5. Hydrogen HCl
Chloride
6. Nitrogen Oxide NO
gas
7. Ammonia gas NH3
8. Methanol CH3OH
Exercise No. 4 Total number of atoms in each
molecule

S. No. Name of Chemical Total number of

molecule Formula atoms in each
molecule
1. Carbon CO2 3 atoms
Dioxide
2. Magnesium MgO
Oxide
3. Ethane gas C2H6
4. Carbon CCl4
Tetrachlorid
e
5. Hydrogen HF
Fluoride
6. Sodium NaCl
Chloride
7. Ammonia NH3
gas
8. Glucose C6H12O6

Exercise No. 5 Describe the following
molecules.
i. Ethanol: It is a molecule of a compound. It
consists of two atoms of carbon, one atom of
Oxygen and six atoms of Hydrogen
combined chemically.
ii. Ammonia:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
iii. Ozone: _____________________________
__________________________________________
_____________
iv. Glucose: _____________________________
__________________________________________
_____________
v. Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S):
__________________________________________
___________________________
vi. Phosphorus
molecule: ________________________________
_____________________________________
vii. Methane: _____________________________
__________________________________________
_____________
viii. Calcium Carbonate
(CaCO3): __________________________________
_____________________________
Exercise No. 6 Write chemical formula of
the following molecules.

Magnesium Oxide Methane

Ammonia Nitrogen gas
Ethanol Sodium Fluoride

Exercise No. 7 Draw model diagram of the

following molecules.

i.
ii. Sulfur molecule

iii. Ammonia iv. Carbon

Dioxide v. Methane vi. Phosphorus vii. Carbon
Tetrachloride
viii. Sodium Chloride ix. Ozone x. Hydrogen
molecule
Exercise No. 8
Fig. below shows some of the molecules in the air above
an active volcano. For example, a water molecule has
the formula H2O and is shown in the diagram. Write the
formulae for the other molecules in the air above the
volcano.

𝐂𝐡𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐬
Water:H2O
Hydrogen:H2
Hydrogen chloride:HCL
Carbon Monoxide:CO
Carbon Dioxide:CO2
Sulfur:S8
Phosphorus:P4
Carbon Tetrachloride:CCL4
Ammonia:NH3
Methane:CH4
Methanol:CH3OH
Glucose:C6H12O6
Sucrose:C12H22O11
Potassium Permanganate:KMnO₄
Sulfuric Acid:H₂SO₄
Sugar:C12H22O11
Ethanol: C. 2H. 6O
Ozone:O3
Oxygen:O2
Nitrogen:N2
Sodium Fluoride: NaF
Sodium:Na
Calcium Carbonate:CaCO3
Sodium Carbonate:Na₂CO₃
Calcium oxide:CaO
Nitric Acid:HNO₃
Chlorine:Cl2
Sodium Chloride:
Hydrogen Flouride:HF
Sulfur Dioxide gas:SO2
Completed