Lesson 1.

3 – Matter:
Classification,
Physical States, and
Properties
Lecturer: Kevin Nick S. Bandibas
Classifications of Matter

• Mixture
• Pure Substances
Mixtures

• Combination of two or more substances retaining their

distinct identities
• Can be separated by physical means
e.g. distillation, filtration, decantation, chromatography
Types of Mixtures

• Heterogeneous – contains two or more phases

Types of Mixtures

• Homogeneous – has only one phase

Types of Mixtures

• Homogeneous – also called a solution

Types of Heterogeneous
Mixtures
• Suspension
• Colloid
Types of Heterogeneous
Mixtures
• Suspension - Heterogeneous fluid containing large
solid particles
- Light cannot pass through
Types of Heterogeneous
Mixtures
• Colloid - Heterogeneous fluid containing small
solid particles
- Exhibits Tyndall Effect
Tyndall Effect

• Scattering of Light ray by colloidal particles

Pure Substance
• Definite composition
• Distinct properties
• Cannot be separated by physical means (e.g. electrolysis)
Pure Substance

• Element - Substance that cannot be separated into

simpler substances by chemical
means
- Cannot be decomposed
Element

• Metals - Good conductors of heat and electricity

- Opaque, shiny, lustrous
- ductile, malleable, high density
- forms cations; forms basic oxides
Element

• Nonmetals - Insulators
- Dull, Brittle, Non-ductile
- forms anions; forms acidic oxides
Element

• Metalloids - Semi-conductors
- have properties between metals and
nonmetals
Pure Substance

• Compounds - Composed of 2 or more elements

chemically combined in fixed
proportions
- Can be separated by chemical means
Practice Exercise
• Sodium
• Ethanol, C2H5OH
• 70% isopropyl alcohol
• Iced Tea
• 3 in 1 coffee in sachet
• Carbon dioxide
• Unpolluted Air
The Four States of Matter
Physical Property / Chemical
Property?
• Physical Property – properties observable without
changing the composition of matter.
1. Color
2. Texture
3. States
4. BP, MP, FP
5. Density
Physical Property: Example
Physical Property / Chemical
Property?
• Chemical Property – properties observable with
changes in the chemical composition of matter.
1. Burning Reaction
2. Reactions with Acid and Base
3. Redox reactions
Physical / Chemical Change?

• Physical Change – does not alter the composition or

identity of a substance.
– phase changes
Physical / Chemical Change?

• Chemical Change – alters the composition or

identity of a substance.
Extensive / Intensive Property?

• Extensive Property – properties which are dependent on

the amount of matter.
1. Mass
2. Volume
3. Height
4. Pressure, etc.
Extensive / Intensive Property?

• Intensive Property – properties which are independent

on the amount of matter.
Macroscopic / Microscopic
Property?
• Macroscopic Property – properties which can be derived
using measuring devices.
1. Volume
2. Weight
3. Temperature
4. Distance
5. Pressure
6. Heat
7. Velocity, etc
Macroscopic / Microscopic
Property?
• Microscopic Property – properties which can not be
derived directly.
1. No. of moles
2. Atomic Number
3. Mass Number