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Devi Cold Stores Protection Vglub102
Devi Cold Stores Protection Vglub102
Cold Store
Protection Systems
Application manual
Intelligent solutions
with lasting effect
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Index Let DEVI do the work
General information 4 DEVI - an abbreviation of Dansk El-Varme Industri - was established in
Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1942. As from January 1st 2003 DEVI has become
1. Frost heave prevention system 5 a part of the Danfoss Group - Denmark's largest industrial Group. Danfoss
is one of the world's leading companies within heating, cooling and air-
2. Protection against conditioning. The Danfoss Group has more than 23.000 employees and
condensation on floors 13 serves customers in more than 100 countries.
DEVI is Europe’s leading brand of electrical cable heating systems and electric
3. Freeze protection of pipe heating systems with over 70 years of experience. The production of
doors and gates 16 heating cables takes place in France and Poland while the head office is
situated in Denmark.
4. Frost protection of
pipes in cold stores 19
To prevent ground freezing the DEVIflex™ is a twin conductor heating DEVIbasic™ is a single conductor
heating system may include the cable for installation in concrete heating cable complying with
following resistive (constant wattage) floors, pipe heating etc. The cable IEC 60800:1992 and intended for
heating cables: complies with IEC 60800:2009 class installation in concrete floors, for
M2, and is designed for applications pipe heating etc. It is supplied in
DEVIflex™ 6T, DEVIflex™ 10T, with the high risk of mechanical readymade sets with 2x3 m cold
DEVIflex™ 18T; damage. It is supplied in readymade leads and sealed connection muffs.
DEVIbasic™ 10S, DEVIbasic™ 20S. sets with 2,3 m cold lead (supply
cable), sealed joints and end muff. Cable diameter is Ø 5,5 mm.
DEVI resistive heating cables allow
safe, efficient and economical cold Cable diameter is Ø 6,9 mm. DEVIbasic™ 20S is available for 230 V
store installation. and 400 V power supply voltage.
The cable is available for 230 V power
Note. The number at the end of the supply. To decrease linear output (W/m) the
cable’s name refers to its specific 400 V cable can be connected to 230 V
output in W/m, at voltage of 230 V Cables of 6, 10 or 18 W/m (230 V) means – in this case the cable linear
or 400 V. Letter “T” means twin linear output are available. output is 6,6 W/m.
conductor cable (Twin), letter ”S” –
single-conductor cable (Single). Available cable length: Available cable length:
DEVIflex™ 6T: 30 - 200 m; DEVIbasic™ 10S, 230 V: 21 - 407 m;
DEVIflex™ 10T: 2 - 210 m; DEVIbasic™ 20S, 400 V: 56 - 229 m.
DEVIflex™ 18T: 7 - 170 m.
DEVIflex™ DEVIbasic™
Fixing
In case of heating cables application, band per each square meter of cable For cable fixing to metal columns etc.
it is recommended to use fitting installation. The same applies to Alutape adhesive aluminum tape is
bands to fix the cable to the floor, DEVIclip™ C-C and Montagestege™ recommended.
e.g. DEVIfast™ metal galvanized plastic bands.
fitting band. It should be attached
to the floor (e.g. nailed down) in For quick cable fixing to reinforced
parallel lines usually at intervals of mesh DEVIclip™ Twist plastic fixing is
100 cm or using one meter of fitting recommended.
For control of Frost Heave Prevention To provide correct temperature Note! For safety reasons: installations
System the DEVIreg™ 330 (-10…+10 °C) measuring the sensor cable should in cold storages should contain
thermostat with DIN rail attachement be of e.g. 10 m, to measure the two independent circuits (main
is recommended. Additionally a wall temperature in the heated area and reserve) controlled by separate
mounted DEVIreg™ 610, IP44 can be (depends on the local conditions). 10 thermostats.
used. m long sensor is available, but needs
to be ordered separately.
All thermostats are equipped with
wire temperature sensors –
NTC 15 kOhm @ 25 °C with 3 meter
long cable.
Installed output
Under normal conditions calculated To estimate the required power Heating system output can be
values of heat loss aren’t very high, density in [W/m²] of the freeze determined from the following
e.g. 3-8 W/m² only. However it is protection system, the thermal formula:
recommended to use 15-30 W/m² resistance of multilayer floor
as a standard value or at least 15 W/m² construction should be calculated. P = Δt · U · 1,3 [W/m²],
for frost protection installations. In While comparing actual values of all
any case an output value should layers the thermal resistance of each where
be calculated and correspond to layer, except the insulation layer, Δt – the temperature difference
downward heat loss. should be neglected. between ground/soil and cold store
interior [°C];
The foundation cooling rate U – the floor heat transfer factor,
depends on: typically for insulation only [W/m²·°C];
1,3 – safety factor.
• the rate of heat/cold emission
through the floor; For insulation U value can be
• soil/ground temperature; determined as follows:
• interior temperature of the cold U = λ/δ = (thermal conductivity
room or surface temperature of ice coefficient [W/m·K]) / (thickness [m])
stadiums etc.
Calculation example
A cold store has the following The U-value of the insulation: Output calculation is 7,8 W/m², but as
parameters: U = 0,04 / 0,2 = 0,2 W/(m²·°C). per recommendations, the installed
minimum should be 15 W/m²!
Cold store temperature: -25 °C. Δt = +5 °C - (-25 °C) = 30 °C.
For example, three lines of DEVIflex™ 6T
Ground temperature: +5 °C. Calculation of heating system output per m² provide 18 W/m² output and
per square meter: ensure cold store protection against
Insulation: 0,2 m thick, frost heaving.
λ = 0,04 W/m·°C. P = 30 °C · 0,2 W/(m²·°C) · 1,3 =
= 6 W/m² · 1,3 = 7,8 W/m².
Safety
For safety reasons two identical Please note that the reserve cable The C-C distance is determined as a
heating systems should be installed system is obligatory for this type median line between the main and
in parallel – the main and the reserve of installations. Reserve cables are reserved cable, see fig. 4.
one. usually mounted in parallel to the
main cable with a distance of Note! One thermostat per heating
Elements for such system are 2,5-5 cm, to the primary system. cable should be installed.
following:
A single conductor DEVIbasic™ is For example the most widely used For details concerning Ohm/m values
available on drums. In this case DEVIbasic™ cable on drums with please refer to the DEVI Catalogue.
heating cables can be selected 0,0134 Ohm/m min. resistance and
with any linear output (W/m), not 5 W/m linear output can be approx. For calculation of cable on drums the
exceeding 20 W/m. As a result the 850 m for 230 V and approx. 1400 m following formula can be used:
length of a separate heating cable for 400 V.
can be very long. Long cables allow L = U / √(p·r),
reducing amount of heating zones. You should use appropriate
DEVIcrimp™ assembly kits to perform where
As an additional advantage the cold tail connection and terminations L – length of heating cable (m);
accurate length of heating cables can of heating cables. For a single U – supply voltage (V);
be ensured during installation. But it conductor DEVIbasic™ it can be used p – linear output (W/m);
should be noted that cold tail joints DEVIcrimp™ assembly kit (product r – linear resistance (Ohm/m).
and terminal connections should be number: 18055442) and for twin-
performed by qualified personnel. conductor cables (DEVIflex™ etc.)
Ensure that proper type and size of – DEVIcrimp™ assembly/repair kit
cold tail and joints are selected. 2-cond. CS2A/CS2B (product number:
18055350).
1.4. Installation
As mentioned above (ref. to 1.3) there The cable should be spread evenly As an example the Frost Heave
are two variants of cable installation: on the floor of the cold store and Prevention System with 3 heating
securely attached, usually by means zones and with 3 pairs of heating
• in the concrete screed of base floor of DEVIfast™ fitting band. Installation cables is shown in fig. 6.
structure; in the concrete screed is virtually the
• in the sand backfill below all same as installation of the underfloor
building structures. heating. When cable is mounted in
sandy backfill it is important to fix it
securely to a metal or plastic mesh.
Cable muffs Two floor sensors in conduit tube Two heating cables: main and reserve
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
<1m
Cable channel DEVIfast™
Fig. 6 – Heating system with 3 zones. There are pairs of heating cables and sensors (main and reserve)
The temperature sensor (wire For sensors to measure correct As an option the sensor can be
sensor) should be installed in temperature, avoid placement of placed in the center of a heated
a conduit pipe of 14-20 mm sensor(s) near walls where extra zone. Considering that the
diameter. The pipe should provide heating from outside is possible. heated zone center is located far
free access to the wire sensor The recommended distance of from the service access point.
for replacement (remove-insert) the sensor is approx. 5-10 m from It is recommended to install
through a hole in the mounting the wall. A wire sensor with a the sensor by means of U-tube
box. Large bending radius is dedicated long connecting cable, accompanied by U-shaped wire
recommended where the pipe e.g. 10 m, is required. hawser/rope. This helps to avoid
is bent between the floor and possible problems with the sensor
the wall. The pipe end should be The sensor cable can be extended replacement.
sealed to avoid concrete from to any reasonable length
entering. (e.g. 100 m) using a cable of
min. 2 x 0,75 mm². It is important
The pipe/sensor must be to place the sensor (sensor tube),
positioned in the center at an open in the middle, between the heating
end of a cable loop and usually at cables.
the same level or a little above.
Some examples with heating cables installed on the base of cold store floors.
2.2 Products
Heating cables Fixing Thermostats
For a heating system to prevent For cable fixing to the floor To control floor heating
freezing of the ground following basement it is typically used system DEVIreg™ 330 (5…45
resistive heating cables and mats DEVIfast™ metal galvanized fitting °C) thermostat with DIN rail
can be used: band -with fixing elements at attachment is recommended as a
intervals of 2,5 cm. It is attached standard solution.
DEVIflex™ 18T (230 V); to the floor (nailed) in parallel
DEVIbasic™ 20S (230 V and 400 V); lines usually at 25 cm intervals or 4 Wall mounted DEVIreg™ 610 (IP44),
DEVIsnow™ 300T (230 V and 400 V). meter fitting band per each square can also be used.
meter of a cable installation. All thermostats are equipped with
Note. The number at the end of the The same applies to DEVIclip™ C-C wire temperature sensors as a set –
cable’s or mat's name refers to its and Montagestege™ plastic bands. NTC 15 kOhm @ 25 °C, 3 m.
specific output – W/m or W/m², at
voltage of 230 V or 400 V. Letter “T” For quick cable lines fixing to a Find thermostat pictures in
means twin conductor cable/mat reinforced mesh it is recommended chapter 1.2.
(Twin), letter ”S” – single-conductor to use DEVIclip™ Twist plastic fixing
cable (Single). element.
The installed output for condensation Thermostats with floor temperature The most commonly used thermostat
protection of floors is normally sensors should be used. for Protection against condensation
250-300 W/m² per each side of the on doors floor is DEVIreg™ 330
doorway. The temperature of the thermostat (-10…+10 °C) with DIN rail
must be set to ensure that the floor attachment. Also it can be used a
C-C distance surface is kept frost-free, so at least wall/pipe mounted DEVIreg™ 610.
at +5 °C. However to ensure water
For standard heating cables the C-C drying up from the floor surface the As an option DEVIreg™ 130 is
distance should be 7,5 cm, which temperature can be much higher the only Comfort Floor Heating
ensures output of 240 W/m² for and should be determined by an thermostat that can be used for
DEVIflex™ 18T and 265 W/m² for experiment. protection against condensation on
DEVIbasic™ 20S. floor. Ensure the correct thermostat
location, taking into account that its
Note. C-C = 7,5 cm is relevant to protection class is IP20.
a cable length as follows: 1 m² of
heated area requires 13 m cable.
3.2 Products
Heating cables Fixing Thermostats
For outside doorframes and doors, Attachment of cable lines to metal Such applications usually don’t
any cable with linear output of 15-20 doors and doorframes is usually require a thermostat, but for limitting
W/m is applicable. The cable should performed by adhesive aluminum of running cost, it is advisable to
be fixed to the doorframe by means tape, e.g. Alutape. install one.
of adhesive aluminum tape or em-
bedded in concrete connected to the For cable fixing to concrete the Like option for high output heating
doorframe. most commonly used fitting band systems can be used DIN rail
The following resistive heating cables is DEVIfast™ - a metal band with thermostat DEVIreg™ 330 (5…45 °C)
are recommended: fixing elements at 2,5 cm intervals. or wall mounted DEVIreg™ 610.
DEVIflex™ 18T (230 V); DEVIfast™ can be attached to
DEVIbasic™ 20S (230 V); concrete by means of nails, screws,
DEVIhightemp™ (on drum). glue etc. at approx. 25 cm intervals.
Installed output
The installed output for gates and PVC and silicon heating cables is 15-
doors of cold rooms is typically 20 W/m and max. 40 W/m for silicone
15-20 W/m per each door seal. cables.
For cables installed in concrete (slide For limitting of running cost, it is For safety reasons, door heating
bars, doorframes, etc.) it is common advisable to install a thermostat. applications can be powered by low
to use 2 cable lines with C-C distance voltage power supply, e.g. 12 V.
of 5 or 7,5 cm. As an option for high output heating
systems it can be used DEVIreg™
Virtually the same should apply for 330 thermostat (5…45 °C) with DIN
cables installed along the inside rail attachment or wall mounted
perimeter of doors etc. DEVIreg™ 610.
Example 1 Example 2
An automatic sliding gate to a cold For an outside sliding gate the floor
room is to be protected against frost. slide bar should be frost protected.
The door is 4,5 m high and 6 m wide. The bar is 8 m long and 0,1 m wide.
Power supply is 230 V.
This gives an area of:
A silicone cable is attached to 8 m · 0,1 m = 0,8 m²,
the back of the door seal before where the output, e.g. for DEVIflex™ 18T
the latter is secured. The required cable with C-C = 7,5 cm is approx.
cable length is 4,5 + 4,5 + 6 = 15 m. 190 W (240 W/m²).
DEVIhightemp™ silicone cable of Two lines of DEVIflex™ 18T with approx.
appropriate length (the closest value) 36 W/m sliding bar must be installed.
and of 8,93 Ohm/m can be chosen Therefore, it can be chosen a twin
(see table above). For L = 15 m and conductor DEVIflex™ 18T
r = 8,93 Ohm/m the calculated linear of 15 m (270 W).
output is 26,3 W/m (from the formula
in chapter 1.3. p = U² / (L²·r)). This is a Heating cable should be laid along
correct W/m value for silicone cable the sliding bar in both directions. For
restrictions with max. 30 W/m. cable fixing it can be used DEVIfast™
fitting band.
Cable should be fixed to the door seal
by means of an adhesive aluminum
tape, e.g. Alutape.
Special flexible connection for power Installation on weather stripping For the purpose of frost protection
supply is required due to doors/ around gates and doors, etc. is of floor slide bars, the cable must be
frames rotation and movement. performed by attaching a silicone placed in concrete directly under the
cable with adhesive aluminum tape slide bar. It is important that the cable
to the weather stripping back before is placed in such a manner to prevent
it is secured. its damage during the bar mounting.
• No repair costs
4.4 Installation
Before installing the heating cables it Insulated pipes must be marked with The connection box between the
is important to check the pipe for any a warning sign placed on the outside heating cable and the cold tail should
signs of damage or leakage. of the insulation material. also be fixed with aluminum tape.
The sensor cable is attached to the
Besides, the pipes should be The screen of the heating cables pipe in the same way as the heating
insulated as this reduces the heat loss must be earthed in accordance with cable. The tip at the end of the sensor
from the pipe considerably. This goes the local electricity laws. should be covered with aluminum
for all pipes whether they are below tape and be positioned centrally
or above the ground. The resistance and the insulating between the cable lines and on top
resistance of the heating cable of the pipe, if possible.
The cable should be attached to must be checked before and after
the pipe gently, so it does not get installation. The resistance value must The cable must be evenly spread and
damaged. The entire length of the be as indicated on the label of the the crossing of resistive cables must
cable should be attached to the pipe connection box. be avoided.
with aluminum tape and NOT plastic
tape. The cable is attached to the pipe with
strips of aluminum tape placed at
The cable should not be laid on the intervals of approx. 25-30 cm. When
sharp edges of the pipe. Treading on the heating cable has been attached
the cables should be avoided and the to the pipe, the entire length of the
cables should be treated carefully at heating cable must be covered with
all times. lanes of aluminum tape. This prevents
the heating cable from getting into
All pipe trenches should be distinctly direct contact with the insulation
marked to indicate that heating material and ensures a tight fit
cables have been installed on/in between the pipe surface and the
them. It should also be marked with a heating cable.
distinct warning sign, e.g.
“WARNING: 230 VOLT HEATING Before the heating cable is attached
CABLES“. to the plastic pipe, a full lane of
aluminum tape should be applied to
When heating cables are installed the pipe for the cable to lie on. This
below the ground, a plastic tape (red, ensures a better heat distribution to
yellow etc.) is laid on top of the pipes/ the pipe. Cables should be attached
installation to indicate that cables are at the lower part of the pipe or/and
placed just below. symmetrically around the pipe.
5.2 Products
Heating cables Fixing Thermostats
The following self-limiting heating Inside pipes the SLC typically is not Such applications typically do
cables (SLC) can be used for Frost fixed. not require thermostat. Heating
protection of drain lines: Fixing cable lines to metal surface cables are usually connected to
DEVIpipeguard™ 25, of water trays, etc. is recommended power/control system of chilling/
DEVIpipeguard™ 33; by adhesive aluminum tape, e.g. refrigerating equipment.
DEVIiceguard™ 18. Alutape.
25 W/m @ 10° C.
DEVIpipeguard™ DEVIpipeguard™ 25, on drum
33 W/m @ 10 °C.
Self-limiting heating cable DEVIpipeguard™ 33, on drum
11,8 x 5,5 mm.
DEVIiceguard™ DEVIiceguard™ 18 Readymade, 2-50 m 18 W/m @ 10 °C.
Self-limiting heating cable DEVIiceguard™ 18, on drum 11,8 x 5,8 mm.
Assembly kit DEVIcrimp™ CS2A/CS2B For 2-cond. cable
Glued aluminium tape 38 mm x 50 m;
Fixing Alutape
0,06 mm; max. 75 °C
Intelligent solutions
with lasting effect
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