wiped. Ink stayed in the incised grooves.

Strauss
has then painted the image of the Milky Way
in ink directly onto the same plate; when the
inking was complete, she centered the paper over
the image and ran it through the press. Because
Strauss painted the ink on by hand, she cannot
re-create the result exactly in a second print, so
it is not part of an edition.
Print Shops and Digital
Reproduction Services
Contemporary printmakers sometimes rely on
the technical expertise of craftspeople who may
not be artists themselves, but have developed
the knowledge and expertise to bring creative
ideas to a well-crafted artwork. For example,
Skyline Art Editions is a commercial printing
service, based in Austin and Dallas, that works
with artists and other creative professionals
to re-create original imagery (2.3.20). This
studio, like many others, works with the
individual artist to find the right paper, surface
appearance, and archival qualities that meet
his or her high standard. Although some print
shops will provide traditional printmaking
tools and equipment along with their expertise,
Skyline Art Editions provides digital
reproductions that replicate the character of the
original work, be it a print, painting, or another
two-dimensional piece.
Contemporary Directions
in Printmaking
The freedom of expression and changing
technologies that artists have experienced over
the past fifty years have inspired printmakers to
innovate, developing new processes. Printmakers
have reimagined the printmaking process so
that it can be utilized by artists working in a
variety of media, from sculpture to the digital
realm. Much of this innovation has happened
through collaborative print shops, where many
craftspeople and artists have joined forces to
redefine the nature of the print.
One of the first innovative print shops of the
contemporary era was Mixografia®. Originally
founded by Luis Remba (b. 1932) as Taller de
Gráfica Mexicana (TGM) in Mexico City, the
print shop worked with famous Mexican artists,
beginning in the late 1960s, to create editions of
their artwork for commercial distribution. While
working on a series of lithographs with the
Mexican artist Rufino Tamayo (1899–1991), the
shop began incorporating paper pulp, creating
their own bespoke surfaces to meet Tamayo’s
request for more texture. The technique was
called the Mixografia® printing technique,
which eventually lent its name to the current
print shop, established in Los Angeles in 1984.
One of Tamayo’s first prints using this process