Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fdi Black Book
Fdi Black Book
A project submitted to
University of Mumbai for partial completion of the degree of
Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting and Finance)
Under the faculty of commerce
By
TYBAF
March 2023
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ms. Falguni Rajesh Solankii has worked and duly completed her Project
Work for the degree of Bachelor in Commerce (Accounting and Finance) under the Faculty
of Commerce in the subject of Accounting and Finance and her project is entitled, “Foreign
Direct Investment” under my supervision.
I further certify that the entire work has been done by the learner under my guidance and that
no part of it has been submitted previously for any Degree or Diploma of any University.
It is her own work and facts reported by her personal findings and investigations
DECLARATION BY LEARNER
I the undersigned Ms. Falguni Rajesh Solanki hereby, declare that the work embodied in
this project work titled “Foreign Direct Investment”, forms my own contribution to the
research work carried out under the guidance of Professor. Shweta Ghule is a result of my
own research work and has not been previously submitted to any other University for any
other Degree/Diploma to this or any other University.
Wherever reference has been made to previous works of others, it has been clearly indicated
as such and included in the bibliography.
I hereby further declare that all information of this document has been obtained and presented
in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct.
Certified by
Professor. Shweta Ghule
Internal Guide
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
To list who all have helped me is difficult because they are so numerous and the depth is so
enormous.
I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels and fresh dimensions
in the completion of this project.
I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for giving me chance to do this
project.
I would like to thank my __________ for providing the necessary facilities required for
completion of this project.
I take this opportunity to thank our Coordinator_________, for his moral support and
guidance.
I would also like to express my sincere gratitude towards my project guide Professor.
Shweta Ghule whose guidance and care made the project successful.
I would like to thank my College Library, for having provided various reference books and
magazines related to my project.
Lastly, I would like to thank each and every person who directly or indirectly helped me in
the completion of the project especially my Parents and Peers who supported me throughout
my project.
SR.NO NAME OF THE CHAPTER PAGE
NO.
1. Abstract 1
2.6Types of investment 67
2. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 2-40
2.7Data collection 67
1.1Backdrop 2-3
2.8Advantages of FDI 68
1.2MEANING 9-11
2.9Disadvantages of FDI 69
1.3Definition 11-13
2.10 limitations of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in 70-71
1.4India
Literature Survey 13-14
4. Chapter 3 Literature Review 72-87
1.5FDI in India 14-15
5. Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Interpretation 72
1.6Investment Outlook 15
4.1Introduction 73-87
1.7FDI Performance and Potential Index 15-39
4.2 Analysis and Interpretation of Data 88-92
1.8Global Competitiveness of India’s FDI 40-42
6. Chapter 5 Conclusion and SS Suggestion 88-89
1.9Reforms In The India Economy 42-44
5.1Conclusion 89-90
1.10 Objectives of the Current Study 44-46
5.2Suggestions 91-92
1.11 History 47-63
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY/WEBLIOGRAPHY 93-95
1.12 World investment report 47
8. ANNEXURE 96-98
3. Chapter Research Methodology 47-63
2
2.1 Meaning 64-71
1.1 Backdrop
Capital formation is an important determinant of economic growth. While domestic
investments add to the capital stock in an economy, foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a
complementary role in overall capital formation by filling the gap between domestic savings
and investment. FDI has played an important role in the process of globalisation during the
past two decades. The rapid expansion of FDI by multinational enterprises (MNEs1) since the
mid-eighties may be attributed to significant changes in technologies, liberalisation of trade
and investment regimes, and deregulation and privatisation of markets in many countries
including developing countries like India. Fresh investments, as well as mergers and
acquisitions, (M&A) play an important role in the cross-country movement of FDI. However,
various qualitative differences have been identified between fresh FDI (greenfield FDI) and
M&A. An important question that arises is whether FDI merely acts as filler between
domestic savings and investment or whether it serves other purposes as well. At the macro–
level, FDI is a non-debt-creating source of additional external finances. This might boost the
overall output, employment and exports of an economy. At the micro-level, the effects of FDI
need to be analysed for changes that might occur at the sector-level output, employment and
forward and backward linkages with other sectors of the economy. There are fears that
foreign firms might displace domestic monopolies, and replace these with foreign monopolies
which may, in fact, create worse conditions for consumers. Thus, it is important to have an
efficient competition policy along with sector regulators in place. While the quantity of FDI
is important, equally important is the quality of FDI. The major factors that might provide
growth impetus to the host economy include the extent of localisation of the output of the
foreign firm’s plant, its export orientation, the vintage of technology used, the research and
development (R&D) best suited for the host economy, employment generation, inclusion of
the poor and rural population in the resulting benefits, and productivity enhancement.
1.2 MEANING
These three letters stand for foreign direct investment. The simplest explanation of FDI
would be a direct investment by a corporation in a commercial venture in another country. A
key to separating this action from involvement in other ventures in a foreign country is that
the business enterprise operates completely outside the economy of the corporation’s home
country. The investing corporation must control 10 percent or more of the voting power of
the new venture.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a measure of foreign ownership of productive assets, such
as factories, mines and land. Increasing foreign investment can be used as one measure of
growing economic globalization.
For a multinational corporation, FDI in India is a means to access new consumption and
production markets, and thereby expand its influence and business operations. It can gain
access not only to limited resources such as fossil fuels and precious metals, but also skilled
and unskilled labour, management expertise and technologies. FDI also enables and an
organisation to lower its cost of production- by accessing cheaper resources, or going directly
to the sources of raw materials rather than buying them from third parties. Often, there are
various tax advantages that accrue to a company undertaking FDI. This can occur when the
home country allows tax deduction on foreign income, or when the recipient country allows
tax deductions and benefits for organisation incurring FDI in that country. Additionally, this
can happen when the recipient country has a more beneficial tax code than the home country.
1.3 DEFINITION
Foreign direct investment is that investment, which is made to serve the business interest of
the investor in a company, which is in a different nation distinct from the investor’s country
of origin. A parent business enterprise and its foreign affiliate are the two sides of the FDI
relationship. Together they comprise an MNC.
The parent enterprise through its foreign direct investment effort seeks to exercise substantial
control over the foreign affiliate company. ‘Control’ as defined by the UN, is ownership of
greater than or equal to 10% of ordinary shares or access to voting rights in an incorporated
firm. For an unincorporated firm one needs to consider an equivalent criterion. Ownership
share amounting to less than that stated above its termed as portfolio investment and is not
categorized as FDI.
FDI stands for Foreign Direct Investment, a component of a country’s national financial
account. Foreign direct investment is investment of foreign assets into domestic structures,
equipment, and organization. It does not include foreign investment into the stock market.
Foreign direct investment is thought to be more useful to a country than investments in the
equity of its companies because equity investments are potentially “ hot money” which can
leave at the first sign of trouble, where FDI is durable and generally useful whether things go
well or badly.
FDI or foreign Direct Investment is any form of investment that earns interest in enterprises
which function outside of the domestic territory of the investor. FDIs requires a business
relationship between a parent company and its foreign subsidiary. Foreign direct business
relationship give rise to multinational corporation. For an investment to be regarded as an
FDI, the parent firm needs to have at least 10% of the ordinary shares of its foreign affiliates.
The investing firm may also qualify for an FDI if it owns voting power in a business
enterprise operating in a foreign country.
1.11 HISTORY
In the years after the Second World War global FDI was dominated by the United States, As
much of the world recovered from the destruction brought by the conflict. The US accounted
for around three-quarters of new FDI (including reinvested profits) between 1945 and 1960.
Since that time FDI has spread to become a truly global phenomenon, no longer the exclusive
preserve of OECD countries.
FDI has grown in importance in the global economy with FDI stocks now constituting over
20 percent of global GDP. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a measure of foreign ownership
of productive assets, such as factories, mines and land. Increasing foreign investment can be
used as one measure of growing economic globalization. Figure below shows net inflows of
foreign direct investment as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). The largest flows
of foreign investment occur between the industrialized countries (North America, Western
Europe and Japan). But flows to non-industrialized countries are increasing sharply.
Data shows that Asia is one of the largest recipients of foreign investment in the world.9
Among the top FDI destinations in the region are China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia
and India. Although Southeast Asia is the driver of FDI growth in the region, inflows to
South Asia—in particular, India—are also significant. South Asia recorded a four-percent
increase in FDI in 2018 to US$ 54 billion from US$ 52 billion in 2017, and by a further 10
percent in 2019 to US$ 60 billion.10 FDI in India has been on a long-term growth trend.
Along with countries like Vietnam, India is emerging as alternate investment destinations for
China. Despite the setback caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, India’s large market will
continue to attract market-seeking investments. Increasing inflows of foreign investments
will boost the domestic economy. Whether the gains from such investments will be
distributed evenly across the country is worth examining. Wide variations in FDI inflows
across the states will result in an unbalanced growth and can worsen inequality. Policymakers
need to focus on ensuring balanced regional growth across the country, and improving the
inflow of FDI to the regions. Lack of state-wise data on FDI in India is a major impediment
to objective policymaking.
Chapter 2: RESEARCH METHODOLGY
2.1 Meaning:
Research methodology is a way of explaining how a researcher intends to carry out their
research. It's a logical, systematic plan to resolve a research problem. A methodology details
a researcher's approach to the research to ensure reliable, valid results that address their aims
and objectives. It encompasses what data they're going to collect and where from, as well as
how it's being collected and analysed.
Population
The study is based on Foreign Direct Investment amongst older people In every house of in
Mumbai region.
Sample size
Sample size is the measure of the number of individual samples used in an experiment. The
survey was conducted with 45 respondents.
Sampling unit
A sampling unit is one of the units selected for the purpose of sampling. Here, sampling unit
is the older people in house of Mumbai region.
FDI is the investment of funds that is handled by an organization from one country to
another. The intent behind it is to establish “lasting interest”. According to OECD
(Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development). Lasting interest is determined
when the organization acquires a minimum of 10% voting power in the other organization.
Here are some of the benefits that come with FDI investments:
Increased Economic growth and higher rate of employment – The creation of jobs is amongst
the most obvious advantage that comes with FDI. It is amongst the most important reason
that helps with the growth of nation. Increased FDI boosts the overall service as well as
manufacturing sector. This brings in jobs for both skilled as well as unskilled labour.
Human Resource Development – The less obvious advantage that comes with FDI is the
competence of workforce and the human capital knowledge. Skills that are gained are then
enhanced with the help of experience and training.
Backward Areas are being developed – Most crucial benefit that comes with FDI for
developing country. This provides an instant boost to the social economic status in the area.
Finance and Technology provisions – Businesses tend to get an access of the latest financing
tools, operational practices, as well as technologies from across the world. This results in an
enhanced efficiency and effectiveness of the industry.
Increased Exports – FDI helps enhance domestic consumption. These products are mostly
available in the global markets. 100% Export Oriented Units and Economic Zones have
further boosted exports.
Exchange Rate Stability – The constant FDI flow into the country brings in continuous
foreign exchange which increases the revenue. This also helps the Central Bank maintain a
very comfortable reserve of foreign exchange.
Economic Development – FDI adds to the external capital of the country which in turn adds
to the revenue of the country. When factories are constructed, materials, local labor, and
equipment are utilized. The factories create additional tax revenue for the Government which
can then be infused into creating and improving the physical and financial infrastructure.
FDI India is one of the top FDI experts in India. They help the organizations to accomplish
unfamiliar interests in a hassle-free way and facilitate their approach to get unfamiliar
speculations that they have been searching for. The team of experts in FDI India leaves no
stone improved in making the FDI cycle for its customers simple as they give minimal effort
high caliber and cycle driven Foreign Direct Investments.
The foreign direct investment into India is a process for facilitating people to invest in India.
If you are really interested in doing business in India with the help of foreign capital then
make sure that you are investing in the right source and you can do this in a number of ways.
Even when India was going through tough times, it was still a good financial breeding ground
for all foreign investors. They have never felt the pressure as their genre of investment has
always been unleashed for the purpose of ushering more capital within the country.
There have been several Indian infrastructures who may have suffered in the field of
production and manufacturing due to lack of essential capital. However, a good way for them
to survive is by offering FDI equity to companies or individuals who would be interested in
making huge capital investments.
Foreign direct investment in India is done in several ways. Investment can take place through
effective financial collaborations. In this case the common interest is the yearly financial turn
over and to make this work out two or more companies come in association and they share
much in contributing towards a common financial consensus. The effort has to be there from
both the ends, from the part of the investor and also from the part of the collaborator. When
collaborating, you can keep the leadership factors aside and think about a healthy
togetherness contributing towards a bigger financial platform.
As a way towards FDI equity is also a joint venture and a technical collaboration. Once the
company delivers the plan of taking things technically ahead then other can contribute in a
different way. It is more technical and less of financial collaboration.
Foreign direct investment in India is not permissible in all industrial sectors as it is not
allowed in the domain of arms and ammunitions. You cannot invest in the field of atomic
energy. You cannot invest anything related to railway and transport and you cannot even put
your money in the field of coal and lignite. It is even not permissible to invest money in
matters of metal mining. Thus, keeping aside these domains you still have a huge scope for
investment.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the investment of funds by a company from one country
to another. There are many ways in which FDI benefits the recipient nation:
Employment and Economic Growth – Development of work is the most apparent
benefit of FDI. It is also one of the key reasons why a country, in particular a
developing country, is trying to attract FDIs. Increased FDI enhances both the
development industry and the services sector. In exchange, this increases
opportunities and tends to lower the unemployment of trained young people in the
world – and professional and unqualified workers.
Human Resource Development – This is one of FDI’s less evident benefits. It’s
always understated, but very important. The expertise and skill of workers is alluded
to by human resources. Training and knowledge gained as well as improved skills,
helps improve education and the country’s share of human resources.
Finance & Technology – Recipient organizations have access from around the world
to state-of-the-art financial instruments, innovations and operational activities. In the
longer term, the adoption of modern, advanced technology and methods would extend
to the local economy, resulting in improved industry productivity and efficiency.
Exports Increase – Not all products made by FDI are intended for domestic use.
Many have world markets for these goods. FDI investors have further helped to
improve their exports from other countries by developing 100% export-driven units
and economic zones.
Capital Flow – Capital inflows are especially useful for countries with limited
domestic resources and countries with limited chances of raising money on global
capital markets.
Competitive Market – FDI helps to build a dynamic atmosphere and crack domestic
monopolies by encouraging the entrance of international organizations into the
domestic market. A stable business climate encourages businesses to consistently
develop their products and processes and thereby encourage creativity. Consumers
now have access to a larger selection of goods at affordable prices.
Development of backward areas: This is one of the most crucial benefits of FDI for
developing countries. FDI enables the transformation of backward areas in country
into industrial centres. This in turn provides a boost to the social economy of the area.
The Hyundai unit at Sriperumbudur, Tamil-Nādu in India exemplifies this process.
Exchange rate stability: The constant low of FDI into a country translates into a
continues flow of foreign exchange. This helps the country’s central bank maintain a
comfortable reserve of foreign exchange. This in turn ensures stables exchange rates.
2.5 OBJECTIVIES OF FDI
Economic Growth: FDI is seen as a significant driver of economic growth as it
brings in much-needed capital investment and technical expertise to the country,
which can help boost productivity, increase employment opportunities, and improve
the overall standard of living.
Technology Transfer: FDI can facilitate the transfer of advanced technology, skills,
and managerial expertise to the host country, which can help improve the
competitiveness of local industries, increase productivity and create a knowledge-
based economy.
Export Promotion: FDI can help promote exports from the host country by
integrating local businesses with global supply chains, which can lead to increased
foreign exchange earnings and a reduction in trade deficits.
Strategic Importance: FDI can also have strategic importance for a country,
particularly in sectors such as defines and energy, where it can help enhance national
security and reduce dependence on foreign suppliers.
Data collection allows us to collect information that we want to collect about our
study participants.
Depending on research type, methods for data collection include documents review,
observation, questioning, measuring, or a combination of different methods.
Clarity: question has the same meaning for all the respondents
Phrasing: short and simple sentences, only one piece of Information at a time, avoid
negatives if possible, ask precise Questions, in line with respondent level of
knowledge.
Sensitive question: avoid questions that could be Embarrassing to respondents.
In order to identify and solve the confusing points, we need To pre-test the
questionnaire.
During the pilot trial the questionnaire participants should be Randomly selected
from the study population.
5. QUESTIONNAIRE ADMINISTRATION
6. RESULT INTERPRETATION
2.8 Advantages of FDI
The advantages of foreign direct investment can be enumerated as follows:
Best practices: It brings technology to developing nations. Besides, it brings the most
efficient management ideas to the business that is the recipient. Also, the recipient
organization's employees learn innovative ways of accomplishing goals prevalent
internationally. Consequently, the lifestyle of the workers in recipient organizations
enhances.
High Standard of Living: Due to FDI, the living standard of the entire developing
nation increases. This is possible as the recipient organization receives a significant
amount of money due to foreign financing. Consequently, it pays a higher amount of
taxes. This in turn benefits the people of the developing nation.
Establishing stable long-term lending: A major benefit of FDI is that it removes the
volatile effect of hot money. Hot money refers to a capital whose transferring takes
place frequently with the aim of maximizing capital gain. Due to this, the entire nation
can be ruined. With foreign direct investment, this problem is effectively tackled.
FDI stimulates economic development: It is the primary source of external capital as
well as increased revenues for a country. It often results in the opening of factories in
the country of investment, in which some local equipment – be it materials or labour
force, is utilised. This process is repeated based on the skill levels of the employees.
Apart from the above points, there are a few more we cannot ignore. For instance, FDI helps
develop a country’s backward areas and helps it transform into an industrial centre. Goods
produced through FDI may be marketed domestically and also exported abroad, creating
another essential revenue stream. FDI also improves a country’s exchange rate stability,
capital inflow and creates a competitive market. Finally it helps smoothen international
relations.
Exchange crisis:
Foreign Direct Investments are one of the reason for exchange crisis at times. During
the year 2000, the Southeast Asian countries experienced currency crisis because of
the presence of FDls. With inflation contributed by them, exports have dwindled
resulting in heavy fall in the value of domestic currency. As a result of this, the FDIs
started withdrawing their capital leading to an exchange crisis. Thus, too much
dependence on FDls will create exchange crisis.
Cultural erosion:
In all the countries where the FDls have made an inroad, there has been a cultural
shock experienced by the local people, adopting a different culture alien to the
country. The domestic culture either disappears or suffers a setback. This is felt in the
family structure, social setup and erosion in the value system of the people.
Importance given to human relations, hither to suffers a setback with the hi-fi style of
living.
Political corruption:
In order to capture the foreign market, the FDIs have gone to the extent of even
corrupting the high officials or the political bosses in various countries. Lockheed
scandal of Japan is an example. In certain countries, the FDIs influence the political
setup for achieving their personal gains. Most of the Latin American countries have
experienced such a problem. Example: Drug trafficking, laundering of money, etc.
Trade Deficit:
The introduction of TRIPs (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights) and TRIMs
(Trade Related Investment Measures) has restricted the production of certain products
in other countries. For example, India cannot manufacture certain medicines without
paying royalties to the country which has originally invented the medicine. The same
thing applies to seeds which are used in agriculture. Thus, the developing countries
are made to either import the products or produce them through FDIs at a higher cost.
WTO (World Trade Organization) is in favour of FDIs.
Convertibility of Currency:
FDIs are insisting on total convertibility of currencies in under-developed countries as
a prerequisite for investment. This may not be possible in many countries as there
may not be sufficient foreign currency reserve to accommodate convertibility. In the
absence of such a facility, it is dangerous to allow the FDIs as they may withdraw
their investments the moment they find their investments unprofitable.
Skilled workforce shortage: India has a shortage of skilled workers in many areas,
including technology, engineering, and management. This can make it difficult for
foreign companies to find the talent they need to operate in the country.
Political instability: India's political situation can be unpredictable, and there have
been instances of policy changes and reversals that can make it difficult for foreign
companies to plan for the long term.
Cultural differences: India's culture and business practices can be different from
those of other countries, and foreign companies may find it challenging to navigate
these differences.
Corruption: Corruption is a significant issue in India, and foreign companies may
face challenges in dealing with corrupt officials and practices.
Legal system: India's legal system can be slow and inefficient, and foreign companies
may face challenges in resolving disputes.
Overall, while India has made progress in attracting foreign investment, there are still
significant challenges that need to be addressed to make it a more attractive destination for
FDI.
Chapter 3: Literature Review
"Foreign Direct Investment in India: An Empirical Analysis" by Pankaj Kumar Gupta and
Sangeeta Bansal (2017): This literature review examines the impact of FDI on economic
growth, employment, and technology transfer in India. The authors find that FDI has a
positive impact on economic growth and employment, but the technology transfer effects are
less clear. Link:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317105367_Foreign_Direct_Investment_in_India_
An_Empirical_Analysis
"Foreign Direct Investment in India: Policies, Opportunities, and Challenges" by S.
Mahendra Dev (2013): This literature review provides an overview of FDI policies and trends
in India, and examines the challenges and opportunities for attracting more FDI. The author
concludes that India needs to improve its infrastructure, reduce regulatory barriers, and
address corruption to attract more FDI. Link:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259279652_Foreign_Direct_Investment_in_India_
Policies_Opportunities_and_Challenges
"Foreign Direct Investment in India: A Critical Analysis of FDI from 1991-2005" by Krishna
Reddy Chittedi (2012): This literature review examines the trends in FDI inflows and
outflows in India from 1991 to 2005, and analyzes the impact of FDI on various sectors of the
economy. The author finds that FDI has had a positive impact on the Indian economy, but
there are challenges related to infrastructure, labor laws, and corruption that need to be
addressed to attract more FDI. Link:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301067320_Foreign_Direct_Investment_in_India_
A_Critical_Analysis_of_FDI_from_1991-2005
4.1 Introduction
Analysis is a crucial aspect of research. Analysis is a form of description of data Gathered in
a systematic and scientific way. Statistical analysis acts as a quantitative Link for
communication of results. This chapter reflects the research approach of Data collection for
the present study. The data was processed and analysed with the Help of MS- Word.
Description of data is done on the basis of each variable being Studied for the entire sample.
The table depicts the number/ percentage of Respondents’ views on each variable.
Following questions were asked to the people in Mumbai Region and their responses Have
been recorded in the form of percentages and table below. Total 45 responses Have been
collected to know the Foreign direct investment in India amongst older people in Mumbai
Region. The Objectives and short explanation has also been stated.
INTERPRETATION
As we analyse the above percentage, at age 20-30 years old has highest percentage of 60%
with a frequency 27. Next we have at 26.7% the below 20 years old with frequency of 12. At
30-40 years old has lowest percentage of 6.65% with frequency of just 3 and there is3
respondents at 40-50 years old. Mostly all the questions are formed considering elders people
so the all the respondents have answer on behalf of elders People they know or living with
them.
Q.2 Gender
Source: Primary
Particulars Frequency Percentage
Male 22 48.9%
Female 23 51.1%
Other - -
INTERPRETATION
The above table shows the number of males and females who have been part of this Survey
and responded. This helps us understand the number of people who are females Who filled up
the survey and the number of males who filled up the survey. As we Analyse the above table,
we understand that the female frequency who have responded To this survey is higher than
the males. Female frequency is 23 and males are at 22. If We see the percentage, 51.1% of
the total people who filled this survey are females leaving 48.9% males to answer the survey.
Q3. Full Form Of FDI
Source: Primary
Source: Primary
INTERPRETATION
The above analysis for the awareness of Foreign direct investment. Out of 52 respondents
48.1% of respondents having frequency as 25 have chosen the yes option which indicates that
they are aware of Foreign Direct Investment and 19.2% of people with a frequency of 10
have chosen the no option which means they are not familiar to Foreign Direct Investment.
Remaining 17 people with a percentage of 32.7% have chosen maybe option which means
that they are still not sure if they are aware of not.
Source: Primary
INTERPRETATION
According to above pie chart 62.7% of respondents selected the yes option for with a highest
frequency of 32 while 7% respondents have selected No option with a frequency of 3. And
remaining 31.4% respondents are not sure about their answer, that FDI helps in economic
growth or not.
Q.6 Limit of FDI for private security agencies in India.
Source: Primary
Q.7 According to India's FDI policy, 100%FDI in equity via the automatic methods is not
permitted in which of the following area?
Source: Primary
INTERPRETATION
The correct answer is Private Security Agencies. As per pie diagram 61.5% respondents
selected private security agencies with the highest frequency of 32 while 15.4% respondents
selected maintenance and repair organization option with frequency 8, 13.5% respondents
selected industrial park with the frequency of 7 and 9.6% respondents selected construction
development project with frequency 5.
Q.8 ______ is Foreign Direct Investment.
Source: Primary
8, 9.6% respondents selected supply with the frequency 5 and 25% respondents selected
employment with the frequency 13. The correct answer is Circulation of money.
Q.9 An ______ is a financial institutional made by a company or individual in another
country's business interests.
Source: Primary
INTERPRETATION
The answer is FDI. According to pie diagram 71.2% respondents selected FDI with highest
frequency 37 while 23.1% respondents selected RBI with the frequency 12, 4.2% respondents
selected CRR with the frequency 2 and 2.1% respondents selected SEZ with the frequency 1.
Q.10 Ministry of India needs to decide on FDI proportion application in his many days?
Source: Primary
Source: Primary
INTERPRETATION
As per pie diagram 37.3% respondents selected department for promotion of industry am
internal trade with the highest frequency 19, while 27.5% respondents selected SEBI with the
frequency 14, 23.5% respondents selected NABARD with the frequency 23.5% and 11.8%
respondents selected RBI with the frequency 6.
Q.13 what is the maximum amount of FDI in retail that can be brought into India through
unrestricted routes?
Source: Primary
INTERPRETATION
As per pie diagram 42.3% respondents selected 100% option with the highest frequency 22,
while 34.6% respondents selected 55% option with the frequency 18, 19.2% respondents
selected 45% option with the frequency 10 and 5.3% respondents selected 25% option with
frequency 2. 100 is the maximum amount of FDI in retail that can be brought into India
through unrestricted routes.
Q.14 which index did India rank 8th on April 20, 2017?
Source: Primary
INTERPRETATION
As per pie diagram 45.1% respondents selected AT Kearney FDI confidence index with the
highest frequency 23, while 25.5% respondents selected Moody’s rating with the frequency
13, 15.7% respondents selected Morgan Stanley index with the frequency 8 and 13.7%
respondents selected ICRA rating with the frequency 7. The answer is AT Kearney FDI
confidence index.
5.2 Suggestions
Here are a few suggestions to further improve the FDI environment in India:
Simplify Regulations: The government should continue to simplify regulations and
procedures for foreign investors. This could include reducing the number of approvals
required for FDI projects, simplifying the tax system, and providing a clear and
transparent regulatory environment.
Improve Infrastructure: The Indian government should focus on improving infrastructure
in the country, such as roads, ports, and airports. This will not only improve the overall
investment climate but also enhance the competitiveness of Indian businesses.
Increase Sectoral Participation: The government should encourage FDI in sectors such as
agriculture, education, and healthcare, where there is still significant untapped potential
for investment.
Develop Human Capital: The government should also focus on developing human capital
in the country, such as improving the quality of education and vocational training. This
will not only enhance the skills of the local workforce but also make India an attractive
destination for high-skilled FDI projects.
Promote R&D: The government should provide incentives for foreign investors to
undertake research and development activities in India. This will not only help to develop
new technologies and products but also create new jobs and industries.
Overall, India has made significant progress in attracting FDI, but there is still significant
potential for further growth. By implementing these suggestions, India can further
improve its investment climate and attract more foreign investors to the country.
BIBLIOGRAPHY/ WEBLIOGRAPHY
ARTICLES
1.Chakrabarti, A. (2019). The Determinants and Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in
India.Springer.
2.Dash, B., & Parida, P. (2019). FDI in India: A Comprehensive Analysis of Recent Trends
and Challenges. Springer.
3.Kumar, N. (2019). Foreign Direct Investment in India: Policies, Players, and Performance.
Oxford University Press.
4.Mukherjee, A., & Nunnenkamp, P. (2012). The impact of FDI on firm productivity:
evidence from Indian manufacturing. International Journal of Economics and Business
Research, 4(1-2), 23-41.
5.Ramasamy, B., Yeung, M., & Laforet, S. (2012). China's outward foreign direct
investment: Location choice and firm ownership. Journal of world business, 47(1), 17-25.
6.Sahoo, P. (2019). FDI in India: Policies, Trends, and Performance. In Foreign Direct
Investment in Emerging Economies (pp. 69-82). Springer.
7.Singh, H., & Jun, M. (2015). Foreign direct investment in India: An empirical analysis of
determinants and performance. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 16(1), 56-77.
8.Verbeek, M. (2012). India's Foreign Investment Policy and Implications for Dutch
Investors. Erasmus University Rotterdam.
9.Yadav, S. S., & Kumar, R. (2019). Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in
India: Evidence from VAR and ARDL Analysis. In Handbook of Research on Economic
Growth and Technological Change in Latin America (pp. 256-274). IGI Global.
10.Ziaei, S. M., & Rahimi, M. (2020). Impact of foreign direct investment on economic
growth in India. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 15(3), 441-459.
BOOKS
1. Agmon, T, (1979). "Direct Investment and Intra-Industry Trade: Substitutes or
Complements?" in On the Economics of Intra-Industry Trade ed. by H. Giersch, JCB.
2. Aliber, R.Z. (1970). “A Theory of Direct Foreign Investment” in The International
Corporation, ed. by Kindleberger. C: 17-34, the MIT Press, Cambridge.
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Countries”, In ‘Public Policy for the Private Sector1 ed. by World Bank Group.
4. Ariff, M. and G.P. Lopez (2007). “Outward Foreign Direct Investment: The Malaysian
Experience”, Project on Intra-Asian FDI Flows: Magnitude, Trends, Prospects and Policy
Implications, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER),
5. Bajpai, N. and N. Dasgupta (2003). “Multinational Companies and Foreign Direct
Investment in India and China”, Columbia Earth Institute, Columbia University.
6. Beena, P.L., Bhandari, L„ Bhaumik, S., Gokarn, S. and A. Tandon (2004). “Foreign Direct
Investment In India”, In Investment Strategies for Emerging Markets, Chapter 5:126-147.
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of Private capital Flows’, In ‘Perspectives in Global Finance’ ed. by Das, D., Routledge,
London and New York.
ANNEXURE
Questionnaire for A study on FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT.
This research is done for pure academic purpose only. Data filled in this questionnaire will
not be disclosed to anyone.
Name
1. Age
Below 20
20-30
30-40
40-50
2. Gender
Female
Male
Prefer not to say
Yes
No
Maybe
74%
69%
49%
19%
Circulation of money
Unemployment
Supply
Employment
RBI
FDI
SEZ
CRR
10. Ministry of India needs to decide on FDI proportion application in his many
days?
70 days
50 days
45 days
60 days
11. _______ is an investment fund that if based in a country other than the one
where the investment is made.
NABARD
SEBI
Department for promotion of industry an internal trade
RBI
13. what is the maximum amount of FDI in retail that can be brought into india
through unrestricted routes?
55%
100%
45%
25%
14. which index did India rank 8th on April 20, 2017?
AT Kearney FDI confidence index
Moody’s rating
Morgan Stanley index
ICRA rating