Me 323 - Machine Elements (10-13 Module

1
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES VISAYAS

Capt. Sabi St., City of Talisay, Negros Occidental
College of Engineering
Office of the Program Coordinator
LEARNING MODULE
ME 323: Machine Elements

2
DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
COMPILED BY:
GILBERT MONTEROYO TIJAM
2020
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
2
VISION
The Technological University of the Philippines shall be the premier state university
with recognized excellence in engineering and technology at par with leading universities in
the ASEAN region.
MISSION
The University shall provide higher and advanced vocational, technical, industrial,
technological and professional education and training in industries and technology, and in
practical arts leading to certificates, diplomas and degrees.
It shall provide progressive leadership in applied research, developmental studies in
technical, industrial, and technological fields and production using indigenous materials; effect
technology transfer in the countryside; and assist in the development of small-and-medium
scale industries in identified growth center. (Reference: P.D. No. 1518, Section 2)
QUALITY POLICY
The Technological University of the Philippines shall commit to provide quality higher
and advanced technological education; conduct relevant research and extension projects;
continually improve its value to customers through enhancement of personnel competence and
effective quality management system compliant to statutory and regulatory requirements; and
adhere to its core values.
CORE VALUES
T - Transparent and participatory governance

U - Unity in the pursuit of TUP mission, goals, and objectives
P - Professionalism in the discharge of quality service
I - Integrity and commitment to maintain the good name of the University
A - Accountability for individual and organizational quality performance
N - Nationalism through tangible contribution to the rapid economic growth of the
country
S - Shared responsibility, hard work, and resourcefulness in compliance to the mandates
of the university
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Numbers
TUP Vision, Mission, Quality Policy, and Core Values ii
Table of Contents iii
Course Description iv
Learning Outcomes v
General Guidelines/Class Rules v
Grading System v
Belt Drive
I. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES
II. THEORIES / PRINCIPLES
III. TOOLS, EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS
IV. TASKS (STEPS) & KEY POINTS
V. TEST REVIEW EXERCISES
VI. PRODUCTIVITY TEST SHEET/RUBRICS
Chain Drive
I. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES
II. THEORIES / PRINCIPLES
III. TOOLS, EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS
IV. TASKS (STEPS) & KEY POINTS
V. TEST REVIEW EXERCISES
VI. PRODUCTIVITY TEST SHEET/RUBRICS
List of References
About the Author/s
4
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This subject treats of the motion and forms of the parts of a machine, and the manner
of supporting and guiding them, independent of their strength. It includes motion analysis of
a rigid body, gears, cams, belts, ropes, chains, and trains.
COURSE OUTCOMES
LO1: Apply fundamental concepts and analytical skills in mathematics and Science to address
Mechanical Engineering problems.
LO2: Design a system of component or process by using techniques, skills and modern
engineering tools conducting experiments, analyzing and interpreting data to meet desired needs within
the realistic constraints in accordance with standards for Mechanical Engineering.
GENERAL GUIDELINES/CLASS RULES
1. Make-up exams and quizzes will be given only with prior approval of the instructor and
under exceptional circumstances. For excused absences during the exam, the university
policy will be followed.
2. Students are not allowed to leave the classroom once the class has started, unless
extremely necessary. Students who leave the classroom without any valid reason will
be marked absent.
3. Students are expected to comply strictly with the university rule on dress code,
classroom tardiness and attendance.
4. Cell phones or any 3-gadgets must be switched off or put in a silent mode during class
hours, except when allowed by the instructor for activities that require use of such
gadgets.
5. Homework’s or projects submitted later that the two-week allowance or more on

exceptional cases will not anymore be accepted. Students are expected to maintain
complete honesty and integrity in their academic work. Acts of academic dishonesty,
such as cheating, plagiarism, or inappropriately using the work of others to satisfy
course requirements, will not be tolerated and may result in failure of the affected
assignment and/or failure of this class.
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GRADING SYSTEM
The student will be graded according to the following:
Average of examinations - 50%

Average of assessments - 50%
Prelim Grade : [(Prelim Exam x 0.50) + (Assessment x 0.50)]

Midterm Grade : [(Midterm Exam x 0.50) + (Assessment x 0.50)]
End term Grade : [(Final Exam x 0.50) + (Assessment x 0.50)]
Final Grade : (Prelim Grade x 0.30) + (Mid-term Grade x 0.30) + (End term Grade x
0.40)]
The passing grade for this course is 5.0.
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BELT DRIVES
I. Expected Competencies
Upon completing this Learning Module, you will be able to:
1. Determine the several types of belt designs

2. Determine the geometric relationships of belt drive
3. Analyze the kinematic relationships of two shafts coupled by a belt
II. Theories and Principles
The primary function of a belt or chain drive is identical to that of a gear drive. All three
of these mechanisms are used to transfer power between rotating shafts. However, the use of
gears becomes impractical when the distance between the shafts is large. Both belt and chain
drives offer the flexibility of efficient operation at large and small center distances.
Belts
The function of a belt drive is to transmit rotational motion and torque from one shaft
to another, smoothly, quietly, and inexpensively. Belt drives provide the best overall
combination of design flexibility, low cost, low maintenance, ease of operation, and space
savings.
Advantages of Belt Drives
 Less expensive
 Have flexible shaft center distances, where gear drives are restricted
 Operates smoothly and with less noise during high speed
7
 Can be designed to slip when an overload occurs in the machine

 Require no lubrication, as do chains and gears
 Can be used in more than one plane
 Have flexible tolerances
 Require little maintenance
 Absorbs shock loading
Belts are typically made of continuous construction of materials, such as

rubberized fabric, rubberized cord, reinforced plastic, leather, and fabric (cotton
or synthetic fabric)
Types of Transmission Belts
Flat Belt
Is the simplest type but is typically limited to low-torque applications because the
driving force is restricted to pure friction between the belt and pulley.
8
V Belt
Is the most widely used type of belt, particularly in automotive and industrial machines.
The V shape causes the belt to wedge tightly into the pulley, increasing friction and allowing
higher operating torque.
Cog Belt
It has grooves formed on the inner surface. This feature increases belt flexibility,
allowing the belt to turn smaller radii. Thus, it can be used on the smaller pulleys, reducing the
size of the drive.
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Timing Belt
It has gear-like teeth that engages with the mating teeth on the pulleys. This
arrangement combines the flexibility of a belt with the positive grip of a gear drive. This is
widely used in applications where relative positioning of the respective shafts is desired.
Pulleys
More appropriately referred to as sheaves, are the wheels that are connected to the shafts
and carry the belt. The pulley have a groove around the outside, with a shape to match that of
the belt.
Commercial Diameters
Upon the final computation of the design, selection of the dimension of the belt is
very essential, thus an available table is given to guide us in the process.
10
Dimensions of V-belts
11
Commercially Available V-belts
12
Selection of V-belt based on RPM and Designed Horsepower
13
Belt Drive Geometry
III. Tools, Equipments & Materials (if Applicable) :
1) 8.5” x 13” Bond Paper
2) Mechanical Pencil HD and B
3) Ruler
4) Protractor
5) Compass
6) Calculator
IV. Tasks (steps) & Key Points
Sample Problem No. 1
A belt drive is used to transmit power from an electric motor to a compressor

for a refrigerated truck. The compressor must still operate when the truck is parked
and the engine is not running. The 10-hp electric motor is rated at 3550 rpm, and
the motor sheave diameter is 5 in. the compressor sheave has 7.5 in. diameter.
Determine the appropriate industrial belt size, the operating speed of the
compressor, and the belt speed.
14
Use: 3V size of V-belt
Sample Problem No. 2. A belt drive is required to reduce the speed of an electric
motor for grinding wheel. The 50-hp electric motor is rated at 1725 rpm, and a grinding
wheel speed approximately 600 rpm is desired. Determine an appropriate belt size and
find suitable sheave diameters of stock pulleys listed. Also select a suitable belt length
and calculate the corresponding center distance.
15
Use: 5V size of V-Belt
V. Progress Check
1. Design a Flat belt drive to transmit 25 kw at 720 rpm to an aluminium

rolling machine the speed reduction being 3.0. The distance between
the shaft is 3m.Diameter of rolling machine pulley is 1.2m.
16
VI. Productivity Test Sheet / Rubrics
17
CHAIN DRIVE
I. Expected Competencies
Upon completing this Learning Module, you will be able to:
1. Determine the advantages of a chain drive

2. Identify several types of chain designs
3. Determine the geometric relationships of a chain drive
4. Analyze the kinematic relationships of two shafts coupled by a chain drive
II. Theories and Principles
Types of Chain Drives
Roller Chain
This is the most common type of chain used for power transmission.
Large roller chains are rated to over 600 hp. The roller chain design provides a
quiet and efficient operation but must be lubricated.
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Multi-strand Roller Chain
This design uses multiple standard roller chains built into parallel strands.
This increases the power capacity of the chain drive.
Offset Sidebar Roller Chain
This is less expensive than a roller chain but has slightly less power
capability. It has an open construction that allows it to withstand dirt and
contaminants, which can wear out other chains. These chains are often on
construction equipment.
19
Inverted Tooth, Silent Chain
This is the most expensive chain to manufacture. It can be efficiently used

in applications that require high speed, smooth, and quietly power transmission.
Lubrication is required to keep these chains in reliable operation. They are
common in machine tools, pumps, and power drive units.
Chain Pitch
Roller chains are classified by a pitch, p, which is the distance between

the pins that connects adjacent links. Roller chains have a size designation
ranging from 25 to 240.
This size designation refers to the pitch of the chain, in the eightieths of
an inch. Thus, a 120 chain has a pitch of 120/80 or 1.5 inch.
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Multistrand Chains
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑛 =
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
21
Table for Commercially Available Chains
22
Table for Sprockets
Toothed wheels that connect to the shaft and mate with the chain. The teeth on the
sprocket are designed with the geometry to conform to the chain pin and link. The shape of
the teeth varies with the size of the chain and the number of teeth.
23
Chain Drive Geometry
Chain Drive Kinematics
Pitch diameter
𝑝
𝑑=
180°
sin ( 𝑁 )
Center Distance Range
30𝑝 < 𝐶 < 50𝑝
Chain Length
2𝐶 (𝑁2 + 𝑁1 ) 𝑝(𝑁2 − 𝑁1 )2
𝐿= + + { }
𝑝 2 4𝜋 2 𝐶
24
Actual Center Distance
2
𝑝 (𝑁2 + 𝑁1 ) (𝑁2 + 𝑁1 ) 8(𝑁2 − 𝑁1 )2
𝐶̅ = [𝐿 − + √{𝐿 − } − ]
4 2 2 4𝜋 2
𝑝(𝑁2 − 𝑁1 )
𝜃1 = 180° − 2 sin−1 { }
2𝐶
𝑝(𝑁2 − 𝑁1 )
𝜃2 = 180° + 2 sin−1 { }
2𝐶
𝜔𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝜔1 𝑑2 𝑁2
𝑉𝑅 = = = =
𝜔𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝜔2 𝑑1 𝑁1
Chain Speed
𝑑1 𝑑2
𝑣𝑐 = 𝜔1 = 𝜔2
2 2
Lubrication
1) Low Speed: ( 𝑉𝑐 < 650 𝑓𝑝𝑚) , Manual Lubrication, where the oil is periodically
applied to the links of the chain.
2) Moderate Speed: ( (650 𝑓𝑝𝑚 < 𝑣𝑐 < 1500 𝑓𝑝𝑚) , Bath lubrication, where the
lowest part of the chain dips into a bath of oil.
3) High Speed: (1500 𝑓𝑝𝑚 < 𝑣𝑐 ) , Oil Stream Lubrication, where a pump delivers a
continuous stream onto the chain.
III. Tools, Equipments & Materials (if Applicable) :
1) 8.5” x 13” Bond Paper
2) Mechanical Pencil HD and B
3) Ruler
25
4) Protractor
5) Compass
6) Calculator
IV. Tasks (steps) & Key Points

Sample Problem No. 1. Determine the size of chain for the following
operation:
 Single Strand
 600 rpm sprocket speed
 80 hp motor
Use 120 chain size. To determine the pitch, 120/80 which is 1.5 inch
pitch.
26
V. Progress Check
1. A four-strand 12.7 mm pitch chain transmits 20kW from a 21-tooth driving

sprocket, which turns at 1200 rpm. The velocity ratio, defined as the ratio of the
speed of the input shaft to that of the output shaft, is 0.25. Determine the tension
in the chain. What should be the length of the chain if the centre distance is to be
approximately 500 mm. Determine the size of the chain.
27
2. A roller chain of 16 mm pitch is to be used to transmit 5 kW of power between

a 15-tooth driving sprocket that rotates at a constant speed of 150 rpm and a 50-
ttoth driven sprocket. Determine:
a) The pitch diameters of the sprockets

b) The mean chain velocity
c) The output shaft torque, if mechanical efficiency is 100%
d) The velocity of the impact between chain rollers and the smaller sprocket
VI. Productivity Test Sheet / Rubrics
28
LIST OF REFERENCES
References
Textbook/s :
Doughtie, V. L and James, W. R (1954). Elements of Mechanism, John Wiley and

Sons Publishing Inc.
Hibbeler, R. C, Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics 12th Edition, Pearson Education

South Asia Pte. Ltd
Myszka, D. H, Machines and Mechanism: Applied Kinematic Analysis 4th Edition,

Pearson Education, Inc., Publishing.
Wilson, C.E, Sadler, J.P, Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery 2nd

Edition, Harper Collins College Publisher
29
ABOUT THE COMPILER
ENG’R. GILBERT M. TIJAM

Registered Mechanical Engineer
Full-time Instructor / Mechanical Engineering Department
College of Engineering / TUPV

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1

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES VISAYAS

ME 323: Machine Elements

DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GILBERT MONTEROYO TIJAM

T - Transparent and participatory governance

GENERAL GUIDELINES/CLASS RULES

5. Homework’s or projects submitted later that the two-week allowance or more on

The student will be graded according to the following:

Average of examinations - 50%

Prelim Grade : [(Prelim Exam x 0.50) + (Assessment x 0.50)]

The passing grade for this course is 5.0.

Upon completing this Learning Module, you will be able to:

1. Determine the several types of belt designs

II. Theories and Principles

Advantages of Belt Drives

 Can be designed to slip when an overload occurs in the machine

Belts are typically made of continuous construction of materials, such as

Types of Transmission Belts

Commercially Available V-belts

Selection of V-belt based on RPM and Designed Horsepower

Belt Drive Geometry

III. Tools, Equipments & Materials (if Applicable) :

1) 8.5” x 13” Bond Paper

2) Mechanical Pencil HD and B

IV. Tasks (steps) & Key Points

Sample Problem No. 1

A belt drive is used to transmit power from an electric motor to a compressor

Use: 3V size of V-belt

Use: 5V size of V-Belt

1. Design a Flat belt drive to transmit 25 kw at 720 rpm to an aluminium

VI. Productivity Test Sheet / Rubrics

Upon completing this Learning Module, you will be able to:

1. Determine the advantages of a chain drive

II. Theories and Principles

Types of Chain Drives

Multi-strand Roller Chain

Offset Sidebar Roller Chain

Inverted Tooth, Silent Chain

This is the most expensive chain to manufacture. It can be efficiently used

Roller chains are classified by a pitch, p, which is the distance between

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑

Table for Commercially Available Chains

Table for Sprockets

Chain Drive Geometry

Chain Drive Kinematics

Center Distance Range

30𝑝 < 𝐶 < 50𝑝

Actual Center Distance

III. Tools, Equipments & Materials (if Applicable) :

1) 8.5” x 13” Bond Paper

2) Mechanical Pencil HD and B

IV. Tasks (steps) & Key Points

1. A four-strand 12.7 mm pitch chain transmits 20kW from a 21-tooth driving

2. A roller chain of 16 mm pitch is to be used to transmit 5 kW of power between

a) The pitch diameters of the sprockets

VI. Productivity Test Sheet / Rubrics

Doughtie, V. L and James, W. R (1954). Elements of Mechanism, John Wiley and

Hibbeler, R. C, Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics 12th Edition, Pearson Education

Myszka, D. H, Machines and Mechanism: Applied Kinematic Analysis 4th Edition,

Wilson, C.E, Sadler, J.P, Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery 2nd

ABOUT THE COMPILER