Quest

ion8:Howsuccessf
ulwast
hePaki
stanMov
ementi
nthey
ear
s
1927to1939? 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 

1.Descr
ibeSi
monCommi
ssi
onof1927?[
4]

Simoncommi ssionwasmadei n1927.I twasheadedbyJohnSimon.Itwas

formedtoconsiderthesituati
oni nIndi
a.Allmemberswer eBri
ti
shandnoneof
them wasIndi
an.Thist hi
nganger edmanyI ndi
answhowentagainsti
t.I
nfact
i
n1919t heGover nmentofI ndi
aactst atedthatacommissionwouldbefor
med
after10year
stol ookforthesituati
onI ndi
a.Itwasconsi
deredasaninsul
tto
Indiaandmanypar ti
esandI ndi
anr oseagainstit.

2.Descr
ibet
heNehr
uRepor
tof1928?[
4]

Nehrureportwasmadei n1928.I twasmadebyal lpart

ies’
conferencei n
oppositi
onfortheSi monCommi ssion.Itwassupportedbyaboutal lNon-
Muslims.Itst
atedt hatI
ndiatobeaf ederati
on.I
tsaidthatprot
ectionof
minorit
iesshouldbedone.Italsost atedimmediatedomi ni
onstatusf orIndi
a
voteri
ghtforalladultmaleandf emal e.Bri
ti
shweregivenoney eartoaccept
therecommendat ionfortherepor tornoncooperati
onwast obest arted.
thenehr ureportwasdraft
edbyt henehr
ucommi teeheadedbymot il
alnehru.
itr
ecommendeda
federalform ofgover
nmentf ori
ndiawit
hbi camer al
setup(2chamberparli
ament).
rightsofvote
forall
.consti
tuti
onalpr
otecti
onofmi nor
it
iesandf undamentalr
ight
s.i
talsodemandeddomi nion
statusforindia,
wit
hthecentralgover
nmentr esponsibl
eforpeaceandorder.musli
ml eague
rej
ectedi t
.
3.Whydi
dJi
nnahpr
oducehi
s14poi
ntsof1929?[
7]


  
  
  J
  i
nnahdeci dedt oi ssue14poi ntsi nresponset oNehr uRepor t(1928)whi ch
wasaschemeofconst i
tuti
onf orI ndia.Itincludedsev eralpoint swhi chwer e
agai nstMusl i
mi nterests.TheNehr uRepor tsuggest edjoi
ntel ect orate( i
nplace
ofsepar at
eel ectoratef orMusl i
ms) ,unitaryfor m ofgov er
nment( inpl aceof
f ederalfor
m ofgov ernment )andHi ndiasnat ionallanguagef orI ndi a.These
poi ntswerecl ear l
yagai nstMusl i
mi nt er
est sandwer enotl i
kedbyt heMusl ims.

  
  
  J
  i
nnahsuggest edt hreeamendment st otheNehr uReportbutt hesewer e
r eject
edbyt heCongr ess.Itclearlyshowedt hatt heCongr esswasnotsi ncere
wi ththeMusl ims.

  
  
  A
  ttheannualmeet i
ngofMusl im Leaguei nMar ch1929atDel hi.Ji nnahgav e
hi spointsinor dert osaf eguardandpr otectther i
ghtsandi nt
er est soft he
Musl i
ms.The14Poi ntswer et hef i
rstev erdemandoft heMusl i
m Leagueputt o
t heBr i
ti
sh.Thesedemandscov eredal laspect sofMusl imi nterest satt hetime.
Ji
nnah14Poi
nts[
14]

1.Anyf utureconst ituti

onshoul dbef eder al,powerr esti
ngwi t
ht heprovinces.
2.AllPr ov i
ncesshoul dhav et hesameamountofaut onomy .
3.Alllegi sl
aturesandl ocalbodi esshoul dbeconst it
utedwi thadequat e
repr
esent ati
onofmi nori
ties.
4.Musl imsshoul dhav eone- thirdoftheseat si nt heCent ralAssembl y.
5.El
ect ionshoul dbebysepar ateelectorates.
6.Anyt erri
tori
alchangesshoul dbeaf fectt heMusl i
m maj ori
tyinBengal ,the
Punjabandt heNWFP.
7.Fulllibertyofbel iefandwor shipshallbegr ant edt oallcommuni t
ies.
8.NoBi llshallbepassedi nanyel ectedbodyi f¾ofanycommuni tyinthat
bodyopposedi t
.
9.Sindhshal lbesepar atedf rom Bombay .
10.Ther eshoul dber ef
or msi nt heNWFPandBal uchist
ant oputt hem ont he
samef oot i
ngasot herpr ov i
nces.
11.Musl imsshoul dhav eanadequat eshar ei nt heser vi
cesoft hestate.
12.Musl im culture,educat ion, l
anguage, religi
onandchar iti
esshoul dbe
prot
ect edbyt heconst i
tution.
13.Al lcabinet s(atcent r
alorl ocall
ev el)shoul dhav eatleast1/ 3Musl im
repr
esent ati
on.
14.TheFeder ationofI ndiamustnotchangel awswi t
houtt heconsentoft he
provinces.

 
4.Howsuccessf
ulwer
ethet
hreeRoundTabl
eConf
erenceof1930-
1932?
[
14]
RoundTableConferencesweresuccessfulonl
ytosomeext
ent.The
RoundTableConferenceswereheldinLondonin1930,
1931and1932.But
nei
therGandhinorJinnahat
tendedallofthem.

TheRoundTableConf erenceswerehel
dt oconsi
derthe‘SimonCommi ssion
Report
’andtosuggestreformstosolvetheconst
itut
ionalprobl
em ofIndia.On
thewholet
heConf er
encesdi dnotachi
evemuchandt heconsti
tut
ional
probl
em wasnotresolved.

TheFi rstRoundTabl eConf er

ence(1930)wassuccessfulinthesenset hatit
wasagr eedt hatFederalSystem ofgovernmentwouldbeadopt edforIndiaand
responsi bl
er epresentat
ivegov er
nmentwoul dbesetupinpr ovi
nces.Thiswas
agr eatachi evementbecauset heCongr esshadsuggested’Unit
aryForm’ of
governmenti npr ovi
nceswasagoodst epf or
wardforself
-rul
e.ButCongr ess
didnotat t
endt hisconferencebecausecongressleader
swer einjai
lonaccount
ofnon- cooper ati
onmov ement. 

Secondl
y ,
thepr
incel
yst
atesalsoagr
eedtojoi
nthefeder
ati
on.Al
sosev
eral
commi t
teeswerefor
medtodiscussdif
fer
enti
ssues.

TheSecondRoundTabl eConference( 1931)wasat t

endedbyt heCongr ess
withhighhopesofpr ogress.Mr .Gandhir epresentedtheCongressbuthe
declaredthattheCongr esswast heonl ypol i
ti
calpart
ywhi chcouldspeakf orall
theIndianpeople.Heal sodecl aredthatt herewasnomi nori
typroblem inIndi
a.
Musl i
msandot hermi norit
yleadersdidnotagr eewithMr .Gandhi.Thereforeon
accountofMr .Gandhist ubbornandunf airatt
it
udetheconf er
encecoul dnot
achievemuchbuti tssuccesswast hatitwasdecl ar
edthatOr i
ssa,NWFPand
Sind(afterseparati
onf rom Bombay )woul dbegi v
enf ul
lprovi
ncialstat
us.The
mi nor
iti
esissuer emainedunr esolved. 

TheThirdRoundTableConf er
encewasheldi
nNov ember1932.Itwasagain
notatt
endedbyCongr ess.Mr.Ji
nnahal
sodidnotatt
end.TheConference
prov
edt obeamer eformali
ty.I
tonl
yfi
nali
zedther
eportsandbrokeupwithout
achi
evinganyt
hingofsubstance.

I
ntheli
ghtofabov efacts,
itcanbesaidt
hatalt
houghtheRoundTabl e
Conf
erencedidnotachievemuchont hewhole,yett
hefi
rstconf
erenceof1930
wasmor esuccessfult
hantheothert
wo.  
  
  

5.Descr
ibet
heCommunalAwar
dof1932?[
4]
OnAugust1932theBr i
ti
shPri
meMi ni
sterRamsayMacDonal dannouncedthat
Bri
ti
shgovernmentwouldgiv
eposit
iontothemi nor
it
ies.TheMusli
m were
gi
venweightageinHindudominat
edprovinces,
butMusl i
msmajorit
yinPunjab
andBengalwasreduced. 
 

6.Howi
mpor
tantwast
heGov
ernmentofI
ndi
aAct1935?[
14Mar
ks]

Despi t
et hef ai l
ur eoft heRoundTabl eConf erences, inMar ch1933t heBr i
ti
sh
gov ernmentgav etheJoi ntSel ectCommi tteet het askoff or mul atingt henew
Actf orI ndi a.TheCommi t
teecompr i
sedof16member seachf r om t heHouse
ofCommonsandHouseofLor ds, 20r epresent at i
v esf rom Br it
ishI ndi aand
sev enf rom t hepr incel yst at es.Lor dLi nlit
hgowwasappoi nt edast hepr esident
oft heCommi ttee.Af t
eray earandahal fofdel iber ations, theCommi tteef i
nally
cameoutwi thadr af tBi llonDecember1934.TheBi llwasdi scussedi nt he
HouseofCommonsf or43day sandi nt heHouseofLor dsf or13day sand
finally,afterbei ngsi gnedbyt heKi ng, wasenf or cedast heGov er nmentofI ndia
Act ,1935, inAugust1935.
Themai nf eat uresoft heActof1935wer e:
1.Af eder ationofI ndi awaspr omi sedf or,compr isingbot hpr ovincesandst ates.
Thepr ov i
si onsoft heActest abl ishingt hef eder alcent ralgov er nmentwer enot
togoi ntooper ationunt i
laspeci fi
ednumberofr ulersofst at eshadsi gned
Instrument sofAccessi on.Si nce, thisdi dnothappen, thecent r
algov ernment
cont inuedt of unct ioni naccor dancewi ththe1919Actandonl yt hepar toft he
1935Actdeal ingwi tht hepr ov incialgov ernment swenti nt ooper ation.
2.TheGov ernorGener alr emai nedt heheadoft hecent r aladmi nistrat i
onand
enjoy edwi depower sconcer ni ngadmi nistrat i
on, legi slat i
onandf inance.
3.Nof i
nancebi llcoul dbepl acedi nt heCent ralLegi slatur ewi thoutt heconsent
oft heGov ernorGener al.
4.TheFeder alLegi slat urewast oconsi stoft wohouses, theCounci lofSt ate
(UpperHouse)andt heFeder al Assembl y( LowerHouse) .
5.TheCounci lofSt atewast oconsi stof260member s, outofwhom 156wer e
tobeel ect edf rom t heBr it
ishI ndi aand104t obenomi nat edbyt her uler sof
pr i
ncel yst ates.
6.TheFeder alAssembl ywast oconsi stof375member s; outofwhi ch250
wer et obeel ect edbyt heLegi sl ati
v eAssembl iesoft heBr itishI ndi anpr ov inces
whi le125wer et obenomi nat edbyt her ulersofpr incelyst at es.
7.TheCent ralLegi sl atur ehadt her i
ghtt opassanybi l
l,butt hebi llrequi redt he
appr ov aloft heGov ernorGener albef oreitbecameLaw.Ont heot herhand
Gov er norGener alhadt hepowert of rameor dinances.
8.TheI ndi anCounci lwasabol ished.I nitspl ace, fewadv iser swer enomi nated
tohel pt heSecr etaryofSt ateforI ndia.
9.TheSecr etaryofSt atewasnotexpect edt ointerfer
ei nmat t
ersthatthe
Gov ernordeal twi th,wi t
ht hehel pofI ndianMi nisters.
10.Thepr ov i
nceswer egi v enaut onomywi threspectt osubj ectsdelegatedto
them.
11.Di ar chy ,whi chhadbeenest ablishedi nthepr ovincesbyt heActof1919,
wast obeest abl i
shedatt heCent er.Howev eritcamet oanendi nthepr ov
inces.
12.Twonewpr ov incesSi ndhandOr i
ssawer ecr eated.
13.Ref ormswer eint roducedi nN.W.F.P.aswer eintheot herpr ovi
nces.
14.Separ ateel ector ateswer econt inuedasbef ore.
15.One- t
hirdMusl imr epresent ationi ntheCent ralLegisl
aturewasguar anteed.
16.Aut onomouspr ov incialgov ernment sin11pr ovinces,undermi ni
str
ies
responsi bletol egi slatur es, woul dbeset up.
17.Bur maandAdenwer esepar atedf rom India.
18.TheFeder alCour twasest ablishedi ntheCent er.
19.TheReser v eBankofI ndi awasest abli
shed.
Botht heI ndianNat i
onalCongr essandt heMusl im Leagueopposedt heAct,but
participat edi nt hepr ov i
nci alelectionsofwi nter1936- 37,conduct edunder
sti
pul ationsoft heAct .Att het i
meofi ndependence, t
het wodomi nionsofIndia
andPaki stanaccept edt heActof1935, wi t
hf ewamendment s,astheir
provisionalconst itution.

1.Descr
ibeSi
monCommi
ssi
onof1927?[
4]

Simoncommi ssionwasmadei n1927.I twasheadedbyJohnSimon.Itwas

formedtoconsiderthesituati
oni nIndi
a.Allmemberswer eBri
ti
shandnoneof
them wasIndi
an.Thist hi
nganger edmanyI ndi
answhowentagainsti
t.I
nfact
i
n1919t heGover nmentofI ndi
aactst atedthatacommissionwouldbefor
med
after10year
stol ookforthesituati
onI ndi
a.Itwasconsi
deredasaninsul
tto
Indiaandmanypar ti
esandI ndi
anr oseagainstit.

2.Descr
ibet
heNehr
uRepor
tof1928?[
4]

Nehrureportwasmadei n1928.I twasmadebyal lpart

ies’
conferencei n
oppositi
onfortheSi monCommi ssion.Itwassupportedbyaboutal lNon-
Muslims.Itst
atedt hatI
ndiatobeaf ederati
on.I
tsaidthatprot
ectionof
minorit
iesshouldbedone.Italsost atedimmediatedomi ni
onstatusf orIndi
a
voteri
ghtforalladultmaleandf emal e.Bri
ti
shweregivenoney eartoaccept
therecommendat ionfortherepor tornoncooperati
onwast obest arted.
 thenehr ureportwasdraft
edbyt henehr
ucommi teeheadedbymot il
alnehru.
itr
ecommendeda
federalform ofgover
nmentf ori
ndiawit
hbi camer al
setup(2chamberparli
ament).
rightsofvote
forall
.consti
tuti
onalpr
otecti
onofmi nor
it
iesandf undamentalr
ight
s.i
talsodemandeddomi nion
statusforindia,
wit
hthecentralgover
nmentr esponsibl
eforpeaceandorder.musli
ml eague
rej
ectedi t
.
3.Whydi
dJi
nnahpr
oducehi
s14poi
ntsof1929?[
7]


  
  
  J
  i
nnahdeci dedt oi ssue14poi ntsi nresponset oNehr uRepor t(1928)whi ch
wasaschemeofconst i
tuti
onf orI ndia.Itincludedsev eralpoint swhi chwer e
agai nstMusl i
mi nterests.TheNehr uRepor tsuggest edjoi
ntel ect orate( i
nplace
ofsepar at
eel ectoratef orMusl i
ms) ,unitaryfor m ofgov er
nment( inpl aceof
f ederalfor
m ofgov ernment )andHi ndiasnat ionallanguagef orI ndi a.These
poi ntswerecl ear l
yagai nstMusl i
mi nt er
est sandwer enotl i
kedbyt heMusl ims.

  
  
  J
  i
nnahsuggest edt hreeamendment st otheNehr uReportbutt hesewer e
r eject
edbyt heCongr ess.Itclearlyshowedt hatt heCongr esswasnotsi ncere
wi ththeMusl ims.

  
  
  A
  ttheannualmeet i
ngofMusl im Leaguei nMar ch1929atDel hi.Ji nnahgav e
hi spointsinor dert osaf eguardandpr otectther i
ghtsandi nt
er est soft he
Musl i
ms.The14Poi ntswer et hef i
rstev erdemandoft heMusl i
m Leagueputt o
t heBr i
ti
sh.Thesedemandscov eredal laspect sofMusl imi nterest satt hetime.

Ji
nnah14Poi
nts[
14]

1.Anyf ut ureconst ituti

onshoul dbef ederal,powerr esti
ngwi ththeprovinces.
2.AllPr ov i
ncesshoul dhav et hesameamountofaut onomy .
3.Alllegi sl
aturesandl ocalbodi esshouldbeconst it
utedwi thadequate
repr
esent ati
onofmi nori
ties.
4.Musl imsshoul dhav eone- thirdoftheseat si nt heCent ralAssembly.
5.El
ect ionshoul dbebysepar ateelect
orates.
6.Anyt er ri
tori
alchangesshoul dbeaf f
ectt heMusl i
m maj ori
tyinBengal,the
Punjabandt heNWFP.
7.Fulllibertyofbel iefandwor shipshallbegr ant edt oallcommuni t
ies.
8.NoBi llshallbepassedi nanyel ectedbodyi f¾ofanycommuni tyinthat
bodyopposedi t.
9.Sindhshal lbesepar atedf rom Bombay .
10.Ther eshoul dber ef
or msi nt heNWFPandBal uchist
ant oputthem ont he
samef oot i
ngasot herpr ov i
nces.
11.Musl imsshoul dhav eanadequat esharei nt heser vi
cesoft hestate.
12.Musl im culture,educat ion, l
anguage, r
eligi
onandchar iti
esshouldbe
prot
ect edbyt heconst i
tution.
13.Allcabi
nets(
atcentr
alorl
ocall
evel
)shouldhav
eatl east1/
3Musl i
m
repr
esentat
ion.
14.TheFederati
onofIndi
amustnotchangelawswithouttheconsentoft
he
provi
nces.

 
4.Howsuccessf
ulwer
ethet
hreeRoundTabl
eConf
erenceof1930-
1932?
[
14]

RoundTableConferencesweresuccessfulonl
ytosomeext
ent.The
RoundTableConferenceswereheldinLondonin1930,
1931and1932.But
nei
therGandhinorJinnahat
tendedallofthem.

TheRoundTableConf erenceswerehel
dt oconsi
derthe‘SimonCommi ssion
Report
’andtosuggestreformstosolvetheconst
itut
ionalprobl
em ofIndia.On
thewholet
heConf er
encesdi dnotachi
evemuchandt heconsti
tut
ional
probl
em wasnotresolved.

TheFi rstRoundTabl eConf er

ence(1930)wassuccessfulinthesenset hatit
wasagr eedt hatFederalSystem ofgovernmentwouldbeadopt edforIndiaand
responsi bl
er epresentat
ivegov er
nmentwoul dbesetupinpr ovi
nces.Thiswas
agr eatachi evementbecauset heCongr esshadsuggested’Unit
aryForm’ of
governmenti npr ovi
nceswasagoodst epf or
wardforself
-rul
e.ButCongr ess
didnotat t
endt hisconferencebecausecongressleader
swer einjai
lonaccount
ofnon- cooper ati
onmov ement. 

Secondl
y ,
thepr
incel
yst
atesalsoagr
eedtojoi
nthefeder
ati
on.Al
sosev
eral
commi t
teeswerefor
medtodiscussdif
fer
enti
ssues.
TheSecondRoundTabl eConference( 1931)wasat t
endedbyt heCongr ess
withhighhopesofpr ogress.Mr .Gandhir epresentedtheCongressbuthe
declaredthattheCongr esswast heonl ypol i
ti
calpart
ywhi chcouldspeakf orall
theIndianpeople.Heal sodecl aredthatt herewasnomi nori
typroblem inIndi
a.
Musl i
msandot hermi norit
yleadersdidnotagr eewithMr .Gandhi.Thereforeon
accountofMr .Gandhist ubbornandunf airatt
it
udetheconf er
encecoul dnot
achievemuchbuti tssuccesswast hatitwasdecl ar
edthatOr i
ssa,NWFPand
Sind(afterseparati
onf rom Bombay )woul dbegi v
enf ul
lprovi
ncialstat
us.The
mi nor
iti
esissuer emainedunr esolved. 

TheThirdRoundTableConf er
encewasheldi
nNov ember1932.Itwasagain
notatt
endedbyCongr ess.Mr.Ji
nnahal
sodidnotatt
end.TheConference
prov
edt obeamer eformali
ty.I
tonl
yfi
nali
zedther
eportsandbrokeupwithout
achi
evinganyt
hingofsubstance.

I
ntheli
ghtofabov efacts,
itcanbesaidt
hatalt
houghtheRoundTabl e
Conf
erencedidnotachievemuchont hewhole,yett
hefi
rstconf
erenceof1930
wasmor esuccessfult
hantheothert
wo.  
  
  

5.Descr
ibet
heCommunalAwar
dof1932?[
4]

OnAugust1932theBr i
ti
shPri
meMi ni
sterRamsayMacDonal dannouncedthat
Bri
ti
shgovernmentwouldgiv
eposit
iontothemi nor
it
ies.TheMusli
m were
gi
venweightageinHindudominat
edprovinces,
butMusl i
msmajorit
yinPunjab
andBengalwasreduced. 
 

6.Howi
mpor
tantwast
heGov
ernmentofI
ndi
aAct1935?[
14Mar
ks]

Despitethef ail
ureoft heRoundTabl eConf erences, i
nMar ch1933t heBr i
ti
sh
governmentgav etheJoi ntSelectCommi tteethet askoff ormul ati
ngt henew
ActforIndia.TheCommi t
teecompr i
sedof16member seachf rom t heHouse
ofCommonsandHouseofLor ds,
20r epresent ativ
esf r
om Br it
ishIndiaand
sevenf r
om t heprincelystates.LordLinlit
hgowwasappoi nt edast hepr esident
oftheCommi t
tee.Af t
eray earandahal fofdeliber at
ions,theCommi tt
eef i
nall
y
cameoutwi thadr aftBillonDecember1934.TheBi l
lwasdi scussedi nt he
HouseofCommonsf or43day sandi nt heHouseofLor dsf or13day sand
fi
nall
y ,
afterbeingsi gnedbyt heKing,wasenf or cedast heGov er nmentofI ndia
Act,1935, i
nAugust1935.
Themai nf eaturesoft heActof1935wer e:
1.Af ederati
onofI ndiawaspr omisedf or,compr i
singbothpr ovincesandst at
es.
Thepr ov isionsoft heActest abl i
shi ngt hef eder alcent ralgov ernmentwer enot
togoi nt ooper at i
onunt i
laspeci fiednumberofr ulersofst ateshadsi gned
Instrument sofAccessi on.Si nce, t hisdi dnothappen, thecent ralgov ernment
cont inuedt of unct ioni naccor dancewi tht he1919Actandonl yt hepar toft he
1935Actdeal ingwi tht hepr ov incialgov ernment swenti nt ooper ation.
2.TheGov ernorGener alr emai nedt heheadoft hecent r aladmi nistrat i
onand
enjoy edwi depower sconcer ningadmi ni st ration, l
egislat i
onandf inance.
3.Nof inancebi llcoul dbepl acedi nt heCent ralLegi slatur ewi t
houtt heconsent
oft heGov ernorGener al .
4.TheFeder alLegi slat urewast oconsi stoft wohouses, theCounci lofSt ate
(UpperHouse)andt heFeder al Assembl y( LowerHouse) .
5.TheCounci lofSt at ewast oconsi stof260member s, outofwhom 156wer e
tobeel ect edf rom t heBr iti
shI ndiaand104t obenomi nat edbyt her uler sof
princel yst ates.
6.TheFeder alAssembl ywast oconsi stof375member s; outofwhi ch250
wer et obeel ect edbyt heLegi slativ eAssembl iesoft heBr iti
shI ndianpr ov inces
whi le125wer et obenomi nat edbyt her uler sofpr i
ncelyst ates.
7.TheCent ralLegi sl at ur ehadt her i
ghtt opassanybi l
l,butt hebi llrequi redt he
appr ov al oft heGov er norGener albef orei tbecameLaw.Ont heot herhand
Gov er norGener alhadt hepowert of rameor di nances.
8.TheI ndi anCounci lwasabol ished.I ni tspl ace, f
ewadv iserswer enomi nat ed
tohel pt heSecr et ar yofSt at ef orI ndi a.
9.TheSecr etar yofSt at ewasnotexpect edt oi nterferei nmat t
er sthatt he
Gov er nordeal twi th, wi tht hehel pofI ndi anMi ni sters.
10.Thepr ovinceswer egi venaut onomywi thr espectt osubj ectsdel egat edt o
them.
11.Di ar chy ,whi chhadbeenest abl ishedi nt hepr ov i
ncesbyt heActof1919,
wast obeest abl i
shedatt heCent er .Howev eri tcamet oanendi nt hepr ov i
nces.
12.Twonewpr ov incesSi ndhandOr issawer ecr eated.
13.Ref ormswer eint roducedi nN.W.F.P.aswer eint heot herpr ov i
nces.
14.Separ ateel ect or at eswer econt i
nuedasbef or e.
15.One- t
hi r
dMusl imr epr esent ationi nt heCent ralLegisl aturewasguar ant eed.
16.Aut onomouspr ov incialgov ernment si n11pr ov i
nces, undermi nist r
ies
responsi blet ol egi sl at ures, woul dbeset up.
17.Bur maandAdenwer esepar atedf rom I ndi a.
18.TheFeder alCour twasest abl i
shedi nt heCent er.
19.TheReser veBankofI ndi awasest abl i
shed.
Bot ht heI ndianNat ionalCongr essandt heMusl im Leagueopposedt heAct ,but
par ti
cipat edi nt hepr ov incialel ect ionsofwi nter1936- 37, conduct edunder
stipulat ionsoft heAct .Att het imeofi ndependence, thet wodomi nionsofI ndi
a
andPakist
anacceptedtheActof1935,
wit
hfewamendment
s,ast
hei
r
prov
isi
onalconst
it
ution.

7.WhywasCongr
essRul
eof1937-
1939unpopul
arwi
thmanyMusl
ims?

Congr essMi nistrieswer eformedi n8outof11pr ovincesofI ndiain1937and

theywor kedundert hei nstructionsoft heCongr essHi ghCommand, whi
chwas
controll
edbyMr .Gandhiandsomeot herleader s.TheCongr essRul ewashat ed
becausei tadopt edpol i
cieswhi chhar medandhur ttheMusl imsi nmanyway s.
Someoft hest epst akenbyCongr essMi nistr
ieswer e:
1.SongofBandeMat ram whi chcl earlyhurtMusl i
mf eeli
ngs, adoptedas
NationalAnt hem.
2.War dhaSchemewaseducat i
onalschemeswhi chencour agedHi ndur eli
gion
andcul tur
e.Teachi ngwast obei nHi ndiwithnor eli
giouseducat ionwhich
meantt hatMusl im st udent swer eatadi sadvant age.
3.Musl im childrenwer er equiredt oshowr everencef orGandhi ’sportrai
twhi ch
washungupi nschool s.
4.Banoncowsl aught erwasenf or ced.
5.Frequentoccur rencesofHi ndu- Musl i
mr iotsinwhi chal wayst heMusl ims
weremadev ictims.
TheCongr essRul ewashat edonaccountoft heseant i-
Musl im poli
ciesandt he
Musl i
msheav edasi ghofr elief.Whent heCongr essMi nistr
iesadopt edin
November1939.
7.WhywasCongr
essRul
eof1937-
1939unpopul
arwi
thmanyMusl
ims?

Congr essMi nistrieswer eformedi n8outof11pr ovincesofI ndiain1937and

theywor kedundert hei nstructionsoft heCongr essHi ghCommand, whi
chwas
controll
edbyMr .Gandhiandsomeot herleader s.TheCongr essRul ewashat ed
becausei tadopt edpol i
cieswhi chhar medandhur ttheMusl imsi nmanyway s.
Someoft hest epst akenbyCongr essMi nistr
ieswer e:
1.SongofBandeMat ram whi chcl earlyhurtMusl i
mf eeli
ngs, adoptedas
NationalAnt hem.
2.War dhaSchemewaseducat i
onalschemeswhi chencour agedHi ndur eli
gion
andcul tur
e.Teachi ngwast obei nHi ndiwithnor eli
giouseducat ionwhich
meantt hatMusl im st udent swer eatadi sadvant age.
3.Musl im childrenwer er equiredt oshowr everencef orGandhi ’sportrai
twhi ch
washungupi nschool s.
4.Banoncowsl aught erwasenf or ced.
5.Frequentoccur rencesofHi ndu- Musl i
mr iotsinwhi chal wayst heMusl ims
weremadev ictims.
TheCongr essRul ewashat edonaccountoft heseant i-
Musl im poli
ciesandt he
Musl i
msheav edasi ghofr elief.Whent heCongr essMi nistr
iesadopt edin
November1939.