Chapter 1 3 Group 7

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City. Cavite

●Tel. No.: (046) 416-6278 ●Telefax: (046) 416-0166 ●Mobile No.: +63918-888-6278
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CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF GRADUATED PERSONS DEPRIVED OF
LIBERTY FROM 2019-2022 ON THE ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM
OF BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY DASMARIÑAS
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
Criminal Justice Education Department,
National College of Science and Technology
Dasmariñas City, Cavite
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
For the Degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology
By:
CARMAN, MC KENJIE
SAKKAM, FATIMA AYESSA
LAPINOSA, ROVEN IVAN
JANUARY 2023
CHAPTER I
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THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
With the goal of helping and addressing the learning needs of all
marginalized groups including the deprived, depressed, and underserved
citizens. The Department of Education initiated the Alternative Learning
System Program all throughout the country with the goal or aim of providing
out-of-school youth and adults with access to free basic education and
expanding access to educational opportunities for citizens of different
interests, capabilities, and demographic profiles. Under the educational
program which aims to provide opportunities for the Persons Deprived of
Liberty to achieve mandatory education, the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology adopted the Alternative Learning Program in order for the Persons
Deprived of Liberty not only to earn their elementary and high school diplomas
but also to equip and prepared these individuals with knowledge and skills
when they return to the community. The Alternative Learning System is a
non–formal educational system that provides a practical option to the
traditional curriculum. The Alternative Learning System is an alternative for
those who do not have the access to formal education that schools provide.
The Alternative Learning System is seen as a rehabilitative measure that can
help inmates acquire the skills and knowledge they need to reintegrate into
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society upon release. The Alternative Learning Program is designed to cater
to the diverse needs of inmates, regardless of their age, gender, or
educational background. This program aims to empower inmates to develop
their full potential and increase their chances of success upon release and as
a vital component of the prison system. Educational programs help promote
inmates’ welfare and extend to society as well. The impact of education and
learning inside goes well beyond the wall of the prisons themselves,
extending especially to the communities. This program is an endeavor, a path,
and a tool for helping these individuals who have taken a difficult path in the
past, for those who yearn to improve themselves and to give them a renewed
sense of purpose. Through this study, the researchers intended to know the
level of satisfaction of the respondents regarding the program being
implemented in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in the City of
Dasmariñas. Through this study the concerned jail facility may be informed of
the results and analysis of the study and can freely use it as a basis for
improving, knowing what part of the program needed more attention, and
determining which strategies are needed by the inmates.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

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The Alternative Learning Systems or Education programs in prison are
fundamental rehabilitative programming offered in jail facilities such as the
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.
The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology adopted the Alternative
Learning System under their Educational program which aims to provide
opportunities for Persons Deprived of Liberty for them to achieve a free basic
education. The Alternative Learning System (ALS) of the Department of
Education (DepED) goal is for the persons deprived of liberty to earn their
elementary and high school diplomas within the prison setup. The teachers/
instructors for this program are jail officers/ personnel who are professional
teachers and trained in the methods under the Alternative Learning System.
In case there is no personnel trained for the role, the ALS teachers would be
coming directly from DepED.
The enrollees/ inmates who enrolled for the Alternative Learning
System will earn their respective Time Allowance for Teaching, Studying, and
Mentoring (TATSM) which is under the Republic Act 10592 of the Revised
Penal Code.
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This study focuses on the Level of Satisfaction of Graduated Persons
Deprived of Liberty from 2019 – 2022 on the Alternative Learning System in
the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Dasmariñas.
Dasmariñas City Jail (BJMP) has the biggest number of Persons
Deprived of Liberty in the province of Cavite with a total number of 1800+
individuals according to the Jail Officers. Here are the data gathered by the
researchers with regard to the number of graduated PDLs in Dasmariñas City
Jail. Graduated PDLs from Male Dormitory from 2019 – 2022, 197 individuals.
Graduated PDLs from Female Dormitory from 2019 – 2022, 76 individuals,
with the facts above are the reason why the researcher chose Dasmariñas
City Jail (BJMP) to be the place to conduct our study.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study aims to know the Level of Satisfaction of Graduated PDLs
from 2019 – 2022 on the Alternative Learning System in the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology Dasmariñas also to deepen our knowledge about
the subject, to serve as a basis on which method/s work better for PDLs, and
to make a proper recommendation for the improvement in the of the
Alternative Learning System.

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Generally, this study aimed to assess and identify the level of
satisfaction of the graduated person deprived of liberty from 2019-2022 on the
Alternative Learning System educational program adopted by the Bureau of
Jail Management and Penology Cavite
Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Length of Imprisonment
2. What is the level of satisfaction of PDLs on the alternative learning
system in BJMP Dasmariñas as perceived by the inmates in terms of;
2.1 Self-Development
2.2 ALS Instructors
2.3 Instructional Materials (IMs)

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Social Learning Theory
Sarah (2021) Social Learning theory or SLT reinforces the idea that
learning occurs especially in a social context and current studies about
the theory involve its application in the correctional setting. People learn
from observing others’ behaviors and the outcomes of those behaviors
(Astray et al., 2011) It considers that people learn from one another.
Social learning theory is a process of continuous and reciprocal
interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences.
Social Learning Theory identifies three primary forces that explain human
behavior.
Figure 1. Social Learning Theory
The connection found by the researcher with regard to the Social
Learning Theory is how the environment not only outside but also inside
the jail facility can impact the learning that is done in the social context.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Input
1. Demographic
profile of
respondent in
terms of:
Level of satisfaction
1.1 Age Gathering data of Graduated PDLs
1.2 Sex through the use of on the Alternative
1.3 Length of survey- Learning System of
Imprisonment questionnaire. BJMP Dasmariñas
2. What is the level  Strongly

of satisfaction of Organization of Satisfied
PDLs from 2019- data/ PDLs
2022 on the responses  Satisfied
Alternative
Learning System  Moderately
on BJMP Analysis of data Satisfied
Dasmariñas in from the survey-
terms of; questionnaire.  Unsatisfied
2.1 ALS  Strongly

Instructors Unsatisfied
2.2 Self-Efficacy
2.3 Instructional
Materials (IMs)
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Figure 2: Conceptual Paradigm of the Study
The conceptual framework of this study wants to present the expected
flow of the study. Firstly, the table for input where information regarding the
Demographic profile of respondents can be identified in terms of Age, Sex,
and Length of Imprisonment, and also includes the respondent’s satisfaction
regarding the Alternative Learning System of the BJMP Dasmariñas.
Secondly, the table for process contains the methods, processes, and
procedures done by the researchers to gather data. It includes the use of
survey questionnaires and their distribution to the respondents, and how the
data was organized and analyzed. Lastly, the output block contains the result
of the survey questionnaire which the researcher uses to determine the level
of satisfaction of the respondents regarding the Alternative Learning System
adopted by BJMP Dasmariñas.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is made with the aim to provide information with regard to
the alternative learning system program and its satisfaction to PDLs who
undergo this program. Specifically, this study will benefit the following;
Persons Deprived of Liberty
This study will greatly help the PDLs improve especially those who
will undergo this program due to the improvisations done with the help of this
study.
BJMP ALS Instructors
This study can be used by the BJMP ALS instructors for them to have
more knowledge about what more is to improve on their educational program.
Researchers
This study will serve as new knowledge with regard to how and what
Alternative Learning System is and how it was implemented in BJMP facilities.
Future Researchers
This study can be used as a reference when conducting any further study with
the same subject at hand.

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SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study focuses on determining the level of satisfaction of selected
graduated PDLs from 2019 – 2022 on Alternative Learning System on BJMP
Dasmariñas. This study will be conducted on BJMP Dasmariñas with
respondents 18 years old and above and will be given the same
questionnaire. The main source of data for this study will be the questionnaire,
which is provided by the researchers.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms were used and defined in the course of this study:
ALS – Alternative Learning System; It is a parallel learning system in the
Philippines that provides a practical option to the existing formal instruction.
Since every Filipino has a right to free basic education, There are two major
programs on ALS that are being implemented by the Department of
Education, through the Bureau of Alternative Learning System (BALS). One is
the Basic Literacy Program and the other is the Continuing Education
Program – Accreditation and Equivalency (A&E). Both programs are modular
and flexible. This means that learning can take place anytime and any place,
depending on the convenience and availability of the learners.

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PDL – Persons Deprived of Liberty; It is treated with respect to the accused
person who was detained for the inherent dignity of the human person.
Jail is a place of detention, especially for persons who are accused of
committing a crime and have not been released on bail or for persons who are
serving short sentences after conviction of minor crimes.
Management – Refers to a skillful person who supervises or controls the
organization.
Penology - is a branch of criminology dealing with prison management and
the treatment of offenders.
Offenders - someone who breaks the law. Violator, crook, Criminal, felon,
malefactor, and Lawbreaker.
Prisoners – are PDL who are confined in long-term facilities run by the state
or federal government or private agencies.
Programs – is planned, implemented, and monitored by a joint committee
comprised of all participants and instructs it to do a particular task by
managed by an academic administrator or by co-academic administrators of
the institutions.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents relevant related literature and studies from
foreign and local sources that the researchers considered in determining the
importance of the current study. It also presents the synthesis and the
justification to fully understand the research and for better comprehension of
the study.
Examining the Effect of Learning Management System Quality and
Perceived Usefulness on Students Satisfaction
A study done by Firas (2018) examines the quality of the learning
management system and its connection to user satisfaction. The study shows
that the positive and effective implementation of the learning management
system is one of the important factors impacting the satisfaction of the
learners. The quality of the learning management system is measured by
using these three independent variables namely, system, information, and
service quality. According to the study, the system quality shows the strongest
significant impact on the students’ satisfaction in terms of the learning
management system quality

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It just shows the connection between creating an effective learning
management system can its impact on student/ user satisfaction. In creating
such an environment for students to learn it is necessary that developers of
the said learning management system, system quality should be taken into
consideration.
The Philippine Alternative Learning System: Expanding the Educational
Future of the Deprived. Depressed. and Undeserved
According to Maria (2015) one very palpable feature of ALS is that it
serves a very diverse group of learners and yet what is common among them
is the fact that they have chosen to subject themselves to educational
processes that will provide them with higher qualifications, something that
they see to be the means to improve their lives and self-confidence.
According to the author, the teachers and service providers throughout the
years sought ways to provide customized and meaningful learning
experiences for such a diverse group.
This study indicates that throughout the year teachers/ instructors
create an efficient learning experience for a such diverse group. With this on
hand, creating an individualized learning experience for the different group
can serve and give a meaningful impact altogether.

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Examination of University Students’ Level of Satisfaction and Readiness
for E-courses and the Relationship between them
The effectiveness of programs such as distance learning universities
which are done in multiple universities around the globe can be evaluated
according to the student’s satisfaction with its implementation. A study done
by Arzu (2016) on the University of Kocaeli, Turkey aimed to know the
satisfaction of students with the implementation of distance learning and the
examination of its effectiveness by assessing the level of satisfaction of
students of the said university during the academic year 2014-2015.
The study shows that interaction/ immersion of students within the
said program greatly satisfies them, therefore to increase the satisfaction
levels of students it would be useful to increase the number of materials used
In the e-courses which give importance to interaction by using tools such as
animations, virtual classroom, video, forum, survey, chat, and email.
Students’ Satisfaction with Higher Education
Students’ satisfaction can be defined by their attitude toward
educational experience, services, and facilities. These factors greatly affect
the overall or general satisfaction of students.

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According to the study done by IM Salinda et al, (2017) and based on
the findings of their study, academic advising, curriculum, teaching quality,
financial assistance, tuition fee, and university facilities have a significant
impact on students’ satisfaction. The findings indicated that except tangibility,
another dimension of service quality gave a significant impact on students’
satisfaction. It means that students don’t rate institutes on the basis of building
and physical appearance but on the quality of education.
Comparison of Level of Satisfaction with Distance Education and On-
campus Programs
According to a study done by Dae et al, (2019) there was no
significant difference between distance learning and on-campus learning and
the overall satisfaction of graduates with the program.
But given the findings of the study, students may consider distance
learning as an alternative option that may satisfy them. Distance learning may
consider an alternative in continuing their education and act as a satisfactory
option for many students.

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The Importance of University Facilities for Student Satisfaction at a
Norwegian University
A study done by Thor and Gisle (2015) identified factors that greatly
influence the overall satisfaction of students in the HEI or Higher Education
Institution.
Based on their findings, the most effective strategy to improve the
overall satisfaction of students with the facilities at an HEI or Higher Education
Institution is to improve the quality of social areas, auditoriums, and libraries.
These factors greatly influence the satisfaction of students and, thereby
increase the HEI’s chance of long-term success.
Who Matters Most? The Contribution of Faculty, Student-Peers, and
Outside Support in Predicting Graduate Student Satisfaction
A study done by Kelley et al, (2016) examines the relationship
between mentors, student-peers, and family/friends outside of the program
and professional psychology graduate students’ ratings of satisfaction with
their training program and general life. The research study provided a detailed
understanding of the relationship between sources of social support and
program and life for doctoral students. It highlights that mentors or faculty
mentors possess a valuable role, especially in their training experiences.

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The research also recommends based on the findings that the
faculty mentors or members have frequent discussions with their students
which may help them and become additional support to the students.
Twenty-First Century Skills of Alternative Learning System Learners
A study done by Darin et al, (2017) presents the 21st-century skill
acquisition of ALS learners in the Northern Philippines. The research findings
indicated that ALS learners are not yet ready to face the globalized world due
to the fact that their attainment of the require skills are low.
With this study, the management or the government can create such
improvisations with the ongoing program (alternative learning system) which
will be much more effective and will meet the global standards when it comes
to learning.
Do School Building Conditions Matter for Student Achievements in
Norway?
According to Arnt (2021) in his study about the relationship between
the condition of the school building and student achievement in primary
schools in Norway. His study concludes that the school building condition has
little direct effect on student achievement.

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This study focuses on the impact of such environment that may affect
the students achievement though minimal or to no direct effect still, the
environment for such learning facility should be taken into consideration for
the full learning potential of students/ learners.
A Study of Student Satisfaction in a Blended e-learning System
Environment
According to the findings of the study conducted by Her (2018)
performance expectations provide the most contribution to learning
satisfaction. Teachers should take advantage of blended e-learning systems’
effectiveness in designing and teaching courses to enhance the students’
beliefs that they would be able to achieve more improved outcomes using the
blended e-learning system.
ALS Curriculum Implementation for Juvenile Delinquents in Urban and
Rural Areas in the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis
The Philippine education system is currently undergoing changes and
moving towards a K-12 curriculum. The alternative learning system was
established to give equal opportunity and to provide all Filipinos the chance to
have access to basic education. The study done by Vandon (2020) focuses
on gaining insight into the implementation of the Alternative Learning System

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and the teachers’ view of the ALS curriculum for juvenile delinquents in both
rural and urban areas in the Philippines.
The ALS teachers emphasized in this research that once juvenile
delinquents enroll in the program, they are given a new chance and hope in
life to pursue their dreams. The research recommend that the government
provide additional funds for the development of quality learning materials,
increasing number of learning centers, including the gender, and developing
and designing various forms of assessment that will measure the other
aspects of learning of the juvenile delinquents as a learner (Vandon 2016)
A review of Predictive Factors of Student success in and Satisfaction
with Online Learning
In the online learning environment, just as in the traditional courses,
consideration of alignment of instructional content and assessment measures
with learning outcomes is critical to successful learning outcomes and
satisfaction (Heather, 2015) Results of the study done by the researchers
showed that learners were significantly more satisfied with the integrated than
the wrap-around course model, and were significantly less satisfied with
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close-ended discussion types. The researcher concluded in this study that the
integrated course design model appears to promote the highest level of
satisfaction.
Relationship between Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Students’
Academic Performance
The results of this study highlight how teachers’ great satisfaction with
their work means that they justify their teaching responsibilities.
According to the study done by Asif et al, (2016) the best indicator of
teachers’ satisfaction was supervision. Teachers were satisfied with the
behaviors of their supervisors, and indicators such as promotion, colleagues,
and working conditions achieves moderate satisfaction as perceived by the
teachers. These indicators that help satisfy the teachers’ in their working
environments bring a positive effect on the student’s academic performance.
Satisfaction on Blended Learning in a Public Higher Education
Institution: What factors matter?
A study done by Nor et al, (2015) elaborated and discussed that
higher education institutions need to be well-exposed to the importance of
blended learning as one of the new approaches in learning. Blended learning

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in institutions and academics serves as an alternative to learning from the
traditional perspective.
According to the findings of the study, blended learning can enhance
the quality of learning by attracting students and giving a better platform and
exposure.
Factors Influencing the Dropout Rate In Alternative Learning System –
Accreditation and Equivalency Program
The findings of the study done by Erick et al, (2016) show that the
majority of learner who takes the Alternative Learning System are adolescents
and young adults with ages ranging from 16-19 years old. Also, a high
number of learners completed only the Grade 6 and 3rd-year level of formal
education.
The research also presented the development and implementation of
a guidance program for the ALS A&E programs which is much needed to
provide learners a holistic development.
Online Instruction, E-Learning, and Student Satisfaction
There were no statistically significant differences in the level of
satisfaction based on gender, age, or level of study. Overall, students rated
their online instruction as moderately satisfactory, with hybrid or partially

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online courses rated as somewhat satisfactory than fully online courses
(Michele et al, 2015)
Factors Leading to Students’ Satisfaction in the Higher Learning
Institutions
According to Luo et al, (2015) that the student-teacher relationship
and student satisfaction are notably strong and one of the main reasons for
that is could be that good affiliation maintenance with teachers on the part of
learners and as well on the part of the teachers which greatly contributes with
the contentment of the students. One of the greatest factors which contribute
to the satisfaction of students according to the study is the teachers’
preparedness and the approach of teachers towards their profession of
teaching and how much they get ready before conducting their lecture.
Another factor is that the student community can also contribute to the
student’s satisfaction through the good and bad experiences extended to the
student by the institute, teachers, and friends
Some students are motivated by a sense of accomplishment, some by
helping others, and others by personal fulfillment. This study show the factors
that are the most sensitive and have a positive influence on the students with
regard to the higher learning institution
Analysis of a Sports-Educational Program in Prisons

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The fundamental aim of sport-educational programs done in the prison
setup is the re-socialization of its inmates with the objective of reincorporating
them into society by being genuinely free as citizens.
According to a study done by Gema et al, (2020) that inmates’
participation in the program has had a favorable influence on their life in
prison and has helped them, in particular; to have fun and be happier. It
should be noted that inmates’ participation in the programs brings positive
influences on the creation of their habits in playing sports, the acquisition of
educational values, and their future integration into society.
Impact of Online Classes on the Satisfaction and Performance of
Students during the Pandemic Period of COVID 19
A study done by Ram et al, (2021) shows that four independent
factors used in online classes such as the quality of the instructor, course
design, prompt feedback, and expectation of the students greatly affects their
satisfaction with the online class which is a huge factor for its effectiveness.
Legal Basis
DepED ORDER. 25 JUN 2019

No. Q13 s. 2019
POLICY GUIDELINES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENHANCED

ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM 2.0
1. In compliance to the mandate of Republic Act

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No. 10533 entitled Enhanced Basic Education Act
of 2013 and the IO-point agenda of this
administration, the Department of Education (DepEd)
issues the enclosed Guidelines on the
Implementation of Enhanced Alternative Learning
System (ALS) 2.0 on the 2019 ALS K to 12
Curriculum.
2. These guidelines aim to ensure that the
implementation of enhanced ALS 2.0 by the central
office, regional, and schools division offices, and other
ALS program implementers and stakeholders is
strategic and efficiently and effectively managed.
3. All DepEd Orders and other related
issuances, rules and regulations, and provisions,
which are inconsistent with these guidelines are
repealed, rescinded, or modified accordingly.
4. For more information, please contact the ALS
Task Force, Department of Education Central Office,
5th Floor, Bonifacio Building, DepEd Complex, Meralco
Avenue, Pasig City at telephone no. (02) 636-3603 or
through email address als.taskforce@deped.gov.ph.
5. Immediate dissemination of and strict compliance

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with this Order is directed.
Policy Guidelines on the Implementation of Alternative
Learning System 2.0
I. Rationale
Alternative Leaming System (ALS) provides
opportunities for out-of-school youth and adult
(OSYA) learners to develop basic and
functional literacy skills and to access
equivalent pathways to complete basic
education.
With the introduction of the ALS K to12 Basic
Education Curriculum (BEC), there is a need
to harmonize the policies pertaining to ALS
to ensure strategic, efficient and effective
implementation.
II. Scope of the Policy
These guidelines outline the rules for the

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implementation of the enhanced ALS by the
Central, Regional and Schools Division Offices,
and other ALS stakeholders.
III. Definition of Terms
For purposes of these guidelines, the following terms
are defined as follows:
Basic Literacy Level refers to the first ALS
key stage for learners who cannot read or
write.
Non-Literate Learners refer to learners with
little or no exposure to literacy in their first or
second language.
Neo-Literate Learners refer to learners with
minimal exposure to literacy in their first
language. They often lack of confidence in
their literacy skills.
Post-Literate Learners refer to learners who
are able to read with comprehension, to
compute and solve simple numeracy

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problems and ability to express ideas in
writing and speaking in one's language.
IV. Policy Statement
The DepEd hereby issues these policy
guidelines to ensure standard implementation
of the ALS program. This policy affirms the
Department's commitment to expand and
strengthen ALS and ensure that the ALS
learners will develop the necessary
knowledge and 21st century skills.
V. Procedures
A. 2019 ALS- K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum (2019 ALS-K to 12 BEC)
1. A new ALS K to 12 Curriculum was
developed to provide the blueprint for the
enhanced ALS. Known as the 2019 ALS
K to 12 BEC, the curriculum is
benchmarked on the DepEd K to 12

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Formal School Curriculum, and focuses
on the 21st Century Skills of
Information, Media and Technology
Skills, Learning and Innovation Skills,
Communication Skills, and Life and
Career Skills.
2. The following are the key features of the 2019
ALS-K to 12 BEC:
a. is substantially aligned with the
competencies of the formal K to 12
Curriculum;
b. is NOT a mirror image of the formal
school curriculum given the nature of
the ALS program and the type of
learners enrolling in this program;
c. covers Information, Communication
and Technology (ICT) and Life and
Career skills and competencies not
found in the formal school curricula
have been added;

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d. includes examples of application of
competencies in everyday life to
help/ guide the learning delivery and
the development of appropriate,
relevant and responsive learning
materials and learning assessment
tools; and
e. uses the standard terminologies and
coding system of the DepEd K to 12
curriculum.
f. provides opportunities for learners
to acquire vocational and technical
skills to enhance their work
readiness/employability.
Synthesis
The above collection of both foreign and local literature and studies
which are related to the researcher’s study about the level of satisfaction of
graduate persons deprived of liberty/ learners on the Alternative Learning
System. The collection of the studies implies different factors, especially with
regards to the satisfaction of learners on certain programs, examination of

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their effects, and the results of said variables on the general satisfaction of
students/learners based on the collection of studies above.
Justification
We are in the Information Age. With the advancement of education
comes the development, changes, and improvements in Educational Facilities
and Resources, New effective educational methods/strategies, and reliable
instructors with individualized plans for learners with different needs which
supports learning even further. Many education systems are challenged in
preparing learners/ students for today’s fast-changing world. With all the ideas
gained and mentioned above, the researcher finds it relevant to conduct this
study which will help to identify if the educational programs done even inside
the prison setup are also moving forward and developing to cope with the
changes in today’s modern world through assessing the level of satisfaction of
graduated persons deprived of liberty on the Alternative Learning System. By
knowing and conducting this study the researcher can analyze if the ALS
program adopted by the Dasmariñas City Jail (BJMP) is also changing and
improving in line with today’s fast-changing developments and advancements
in education.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter provides the methods, design, and techniques that have
been utilized for the entirety of the study. This chapter presents the
research design, research, respondent, Local and duration, Sample and
sampling technique, research instrument, statistical instrument, statistical
treatment, and data gathering procedure.
Research Design
The researchers will be using a descriptive method as a research
design for this study. Descriptive research design is a type of research
design that aims to obtain data and information in order to systematically
describe a phenomenon, situation, or population and also provide reliable
and scientifically valid descriptions of what people think, say, and do. The
research design will be used to determine the Level of Satisfaction of
Graduated Persons Deprived of Liberty from 2019-2022 to the

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Implementation of the Alternative Learning System in the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology Dasmariñas.
To facilitate data collection, the researchers will be using survey
questionnaires as data collection instrument which is flexible for
respondents’ data accurate, and easy to administer.
Research respondents, Local and Duration
The researcher’s respondents for this study were the selected inmates
of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Dasmariñas. This study will
be conducted within the jurisdiction of Dasmariñas City Jail. It is located in
along Congressional Avenue near St. Paul Hospital. This research was
conducted in the academic year 2022-2023, expected to be finished on June
2023.
Samples and Sampling Technique
The sampling technique used by the researchers for this study is the
purposive sampling technique. This technique can be used in both qualitative
and quantitative research. Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental,
selective, or subjective sampling is known as a form of non-probability
sampling. It is used for this study because the respondents are already
predetermined by the researchers/ the respondents are purposively selected

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35
for the study. Each respondent has an equal chance of being included as a
sample.
Research Instrument
The researchers for this study use a rating scale questionnaire in
gathering data related to the Level of Satisfaction of Graduated Persons
Deprived of Liberty from 2019-2022 on the Alternative Learning System in the
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Dasmariñas. The first part will
include the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Sex, and
Length of Imprisonment. The second part, the survey questionnaire
contains questions regarding the Level of Satisfaction of Graduated Persons
Deprived of Liberty from 2019-2022 on the Alternative Learning System in the
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Dasmariñas. The questionnaires
were distributed to the selected Graduated PDLs at BJMP, Dasmariñas.
Statistical Instrument
The researchers used Likert Scale Survey questionnaire for this study
which is a type of psychometric response scale in which responders specify
their level of agreement to a statement typically within five (5) points. The first
part of the survey includes the demographic profile of the respondents in

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36
terms of Age, Sex, and Length of Imprisonment. The second part, the survey
questionnaire contains questions regarding the Level of Satisfaction of
Graduated Persons Deprived of Liberty from 2019-2022 on the Alternative
Learning System in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Dasmariñas. The Likert scale ranges from 5 – Strongly agree to 1 – Strongly
Disagree. Their weighted mean will be computed by the end of each section
(Weighted Mean = ΣwxΣw)
Statistical Treatment
The following were the statistical treatment used in the study that
researchers ought to answer the following questions:
1. To answer the statement of problem number one which asked what
were the demographic profile of the respondents, the researchers
used tallying and tabulation of the demographic profile of the
respondents. The formula for percentage is; percentage = f/n x 100
P= Percentage
F= Frequency
N= Total number of respondents

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37
2. To answer the statement of problem number two which ask the Level
of Satisfaction of Graduated Persons Deprived of Liberty from 2019-
2022 on the Alternative Learning System in the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology Dasmariñas. The researchers used a
weighted mean.
Weighted mean – is a type of mean that is calculated by multiplying
the weight (or probability) associated with a particular outcome with its
associated quantitative outcome and then summing all the products
together. The weighted mean is used by the researcher for giving an
equivalent to the response of the respondents. The formula for the
weighted mean is;
∑𝑤𝑥
𝑤𝑥ҧ=
∑𝑤 29
Where:
∑= symbol of “summation”
x = the weight of each item
w = weight of each item value

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38
Data Gathering Procedure
The following are the step-by-step procedures researchers did to
gather data necessary for the study:
1. The researchers will send a request letter to their thesis adviser,
course adviser, and course coordinator. The letter will be given to
the Regional Director of the Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology.
2. After the Regional Director allows the researchers to gather data
regarding the number of graduated inmates and conduct a survey.
The researchers will send a letter of approval through the Bureau
of Jail Management and Penology Dasmariñas before gathering
data and conducting a survey.
3. After being approved to gather data regarding the number of
graduated PDLs and conduct a survey, the researchers will
distribute the survey questionnaires to the selected graduated

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39
PDLs and explain the instructions of the survey questionnaire to
the respondents.
4. The researchers will wait until the respondents is done in
answering the survey questionnaire.
5. After conducting the survey, the researcher will gather the
distributed survey questionnaires and begin to do item analysis.
6. The gathered data will be analyzed with the help/assistance of a
statistician.
7. The researchers have made conclusions and recommendations
regarding the Alternative Learning System according to the Level
of Satisfaction of Graduate PDLs and recommend possible
improvements to the Alternative Learning System that will greatly
benefit the Graduated PDLs.

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NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas City. Cavite

LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF GRADUATED PERSONS DEPRIVED OF

LIBERTY FROM 2019-2022 ON THE ALTERNATIVE LEARNING SYSTEM

OF BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY DASMARIÑAS

Presented to the Faculty of the

Criminal Justice Education Department,

National College of Science and Technology

Dasmariñas City, Cavite

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For the Degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology

SAKKAM, FATIMA AYESSA

LAPINOSA, ROVEN IVAN

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

marginalized groups including the deprived, depressed, and underserved

citizens. The Department of Education initiated the Alternative Learning

expanding access to educational opportunities for citizens of different

interests, capabilities, and demographic profiles. Under the educational

program which aims to provide opportunities for the Persons Deprived of

Liberty to achieve mandatory education, the Bureau of Jail Management and

when they return to the community. The Alternative Learning System is a

non–formal educational system that provides a practical option to the

traditional curriculum. The Alternative Learning System is an alternative for

The Alternative Learning System is seen as a rehabilitative measure that can

society upon release. The Alternative Learning Program is designed to cater

to the diverse needs of inmates, regardless of their age, gender, or

educational background. This program aims to empower inmates to develop

a vital component of the prison system. Educational programs help promote

extending especially to the communities. This program is an endeavor, a path,

level of satisfaction of the respondents regarding the program being

implemented in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in the City of

determining which strategies are needed by the inmates.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Alternative Learning Systems or Education programs in prison are

fundamental rehabilitative programming offered in jail facilities such as the

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology.

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology adopted the Alternative

Learning System under their Educational program which aims to provide

education. The Alternative Learning System (ALS) of the Department of

coming directly from DepED.

The enrollees/ inmates who enrolled for the Alternative Learning

This study focuses on the Level of Satisfaction of Graduated Persons

Deprived of Liberty from 2019 – 2022 on the Alternative Learning System in

the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Dasmariñas.

Dasmariñas City Jail (BJMP) has the biggest number of Persons

Deprived of Liberty in the province of Cavite with a total number of 1800+

researchers with regard to the number of graduated PDLs in Dasmariñas City

Graduated PDLs from Female Dormitory from 2019 – 2022, 76 individuals,

City Jail (BJMP) to be the place to conduct our study.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study aims to know the Level of Satisfaction of Graduated PDLs

Management and Penology Dasmariñas also to deepen our knowledge about

to make a proper recommendation for the improvement in the of the

Alternative Learning System.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Generally, this study aimed to assess and identify the level of

satisfaction of the graduated person deprived of liberty from 2019-2022 on the

Alternative Learning System educational program adopted by the Bureau of

Jail Management and Penology Cavite

Specifically, the study aimed to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.3 Length of Imprisonment