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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES- LABO

AGRICU
LTURAL
AND
BIOSYST
EMS
ENGINE
ERING
165
(Properties of AB
Materials)

LABORA
NAME OF STUDENT :

YEAR & SECTION :

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR : TORY

MANUA
SEMESTER & SCHOOL YEAR :

L
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Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES- LABO

AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS 165
LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 1
ANATOMY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAINS

DATE PERFORMED : __________

DATE SUBMITTED : __________

RATING

I. INTRODUCTION

II. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the exercise, the students will be able to:

A. Determine the physical properties of grains and to understand the use of these in
processing; and to
B. Explain the importance and use of the knowledge on the anatomy and physical
properties of grains in processing.
 -L
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES- LABO

III. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

A. Equipment/instruments
1. Weighing scale/balance
2. Beaker
3. Wooden plate/board
4. G.I. or B.I. sheet (flat)
5. Protractor
6. Outside micrometer caliper
7. Stroker
8. Hopper

B. Materials
1. 500 grams each of wet and dried paddy sample
2. 500 grams of dried corn sample
3. 500 grams of dried peanut sample
4. 500 grams of dried mungbean sample

IV. PROCEDURE

A. Bulk Density
1. Rid the sample with impurities such as chaff, straw, leaves, weed, seeds, and other impurities.
2. Fix the hopper to have a vertical clearance of one inch between the discharge and the cylinder.
Fill the hopper so that enough fresh paddy overflow on all sides of the cylinder.
3. Release the paddy and avoid jarring both the hopper and the cylinder.
4. Stroke clearly with three full-length zigzag motions with the stroker held slightly on the
cylinder.
5. Weigh the cylinder and repeat the observation three times and do the same for the dried
paddy, corn, peanut, and mungbean samples.
6. Write the results on the data sheet.
7. Show photographs of the process/set-up.

B. Angle of Friction
1. Place the fresh grain samples on a board. Slowly raise one end of the board until the grain flow
toward the unraised end.
2. Measure the angle with the horizontal when grains start to roll down the inclining board.
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 three times and do the same for G.I. or B.I. sheet.
4. Repeat steps 1 and 3 using dried paddy, corn, peanut and mungbean samples.
5. Write the results in the data sheet.
6. Show photographs of the process/set-up.

C. Angle of Repose
1. Fill the hopper with fresh paddy.
2. Release the grains by opening the hopper so that it goes to that flat board.
3. Measure the angle of slope of the pile after it is in equilibrium.
 -L
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES- LABO

4. Repeat steps 1 and 3 three times and do the same for the dried paddy, corn, peanut and
mungbean samples.

D. Grain Size Determination

1. Pick five samples of dried paddy from the random pile.
2. Peel the husk by hand to avoid damage to the grain.
3. Use the outside micrometer caliper in measuring the length, width and thickness of the sample
grains (brown rice).
4. Show photographs of the process/set-up.

E. Define the following:

1. Husk
2. Pericarp
3. Bran
4. Endosperm
5. Embryo
6. Angle of Repose
7. Bulk Density
8. Angle of Friction
9. Head Rice
10. Brewers
11. Corn Bran
12. Corn Ear
13. Corn Cob
14. Corn Germ
15. Corn Stalk

F. Discuss the following:

1. Why is knowledge of the anatomy and physical properties of grains important among those
involved in the grain industry especially among farmers?
2. The husk surface of the grain has silica content. How does this affect the milling properties?
3. Enumerate and briefly discuss some uses of corn and its by-products.

Note: One illustration/set-up per physical property per page. Please label your illustrations/set-up.
 -L
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES- LABO

V. DATA SHEET

Table 1. Physical Properties (Angle of Friction) of Selected Grains.

MATERIALS/SURFACE
SMOOTH ROUGH
TRIAL Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
(fresh) (dry) (fresh) (dry)
1
2
3
Ave.

Table 2. Physical Properties (Angle of Repose) of Selected Grains.

MATERIALS/SURFACE
SMOOTH ROUGH
TRIAL Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain Grain
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
(fresh) (dry) (fresh) (dry)
1
2
3
Ave.

Table 1. Physical Properties (Grain Dimension and Bulk Density) of Selected Grains.

MATERIALS/SURFACE
GRAIN DIMENSION BULK DENSITY
TRIAL Grain 1 Grain 2 Grain 3 Grain 4 Grain 5 Grain 1 Grain 2 Grain 3 Grain 4 Grain 5
(fresh) (dry) (fresh) (dry)

1 L- 7.18 L- 6.58 L-14.58 L-8.56 L-5.09

W-2.24 W-2.2 W-9.78 W-6.28 W-3.78
Th-1.78 Th-1.75 Th-8.54 Th-3.7 Th-3.78
2 L- 7.41 L- 6.55 L-13.06 L-8.51 L-5.50
W- 2.02 W- 2.18 W-9.16 W-6.04 W-4.12
Th- 1.82 Th- 1.79 Th-7.53 Th-4.08 Th-4.0
3 L- 7.50 L- 6.64 L-12.65 L-7.9 L-6.07
W-2.16 W- 2.24 W-7.87 W-6.16 W-4.02
Th-1.75 Th- 1.53 Th-7.29 Th-4.57 Th-4.17
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Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES- LABO

Ave. L-7.36 L-6.59 L-13.43 L-8.32 L-5.55
W-2.14 W-2.20 W-8.94 W-6.16 W-3.97
Th-1.78 Th-1.69 Th-7.79 Th-4.12 Th-3.98
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Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES- LABO

VI. COMPUTATION
 -L
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES- LABO

VII. ILLUSTRATION/SET-UP