FARMAKOLOGI

KLINIS

PROGRAM STUDI S1
SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI RIAU
YAYASAN UNIV RIAU
2023 apt. Rahmayati Rusnedy, M.Si
 Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan tentang
Indikasi, efek samping dan mekanisme kerja
obat-obat Sistem syaraf otonom
(simpatomimetik, simpatolitik,
parasimpatomimetik dan parasimpatolitik)
SISTEM SARAF MANUSIA

■ SISTEM SARAF PUSAT (CNS):

- OTAK
- MEDULA SPINALIS

 SISTEM SARAF TEPI/PERIFER (PNS):

- SISTEM SARAF SOMATIS 12 PASANG
SARAF CRANIAL DAN 31 PASANG
SARAF SPINAL
- SISTEM SARAF OTONOM SIMPATIS
DAN PARASIMPATIS
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)/SSO
 EFFECTS OF ANS STIMULATION
Effector Autonomic Type of Action
Organ Division Receptor

Eye : pupil Sympathetic alpha dilation of

the pupil
Parasympath constriction of
etic muscarinic the pupil
 sympathetic beta vasoconstriction

Lacrimal
(tear)glands

Para
sympathetic muscarinic secretion of tears

vasoconstriction and
sympathetic alpha
secretion of mucous with a
low enzyme count
Salivary
glands
secretion of watery
Para
muscarinic saliva with a high
sympathetic
enzyme count
 sympathetic beta dilation of coronary arteries,
increased heart rate,
increased force of contraction,
increased rate of pacemaker
conduction

Heart
alpha coronary artery constriction

slows, heart rate, reduces contraction

Para muscarinic and conduction, constricts coronary
sympathetic arteries
 sympathetic beta dilation

Bronchii

Para muscarinic constriction and mucous

sympathetic secretion

vasoconstriction
sympathetic alpha

Oesophagus
Para
peristalsis, secretion of
sympathetic muscarinic mucous
 sympathetic beta inhibition of peristalsis and secretion

Stomach and vasoconstriction, spinctre

alpha
Intestines contraction

Para muscari
sympathetic nic peristalsis and secretion
 sympathetic alpha contraction

Adrena adrenaline and noradrenaline secreted

sympathetic -
medula into the bloodstream

break down of glycogen

L sympathetic beta
(glyogenolysis)
 sympathetic beta relaxation

Gall
Bladder
Para
sympathetic muscarinic contraction

inhibition of insulin
alpha secretion

Pancreas sympathetic

beta stimulation of insulin

secretion
 sympathetic alpha vasoconstriction

beta inhibition of peristalsis and

Descending colon secretion

Para
sympathetic muscarinic peristalsis and secretion

alpha constriction of sphincter

sympathetic
muscles

Sigmoid colon, beta inhibition of peristalsis and

rectum and anus secretion
Para
sympathetic
Muscarinic peristalsis and secretion
 alpha contraction of sphincter
sympathetic

Bladder
beta relaxation of detrusor
muscle
parasympathetic
muscarinic contraction of detrusor
muscle

sympathetic - ejaculation
Penis
parasympathetic muscarinic erection

Clitoris parasympathetic muscarinic erection

 alpha contraction

Uterus sympathetic

beta relaxation
Blood vessels in:

Skin sympathetic alpha constriction

Mucosal linings sympathetic alpha constriction

Muscle sympathetic cholinergic dilation

Kidneys sympathetic alpha constriction

Lungs sympathetic alpha constriction

Intracranial sympathetic alpha slight constriction

sweat glands except palm of
sympathetic muscarinic sweating
hands

sweat glands on palms of hands

sympathetic alpha sweating
Piloerector muscles
at root of body hair sympathetic alpha piloerection (making hair "stand on
end") horripilation ("goose pimples")

lipolysis (break down of fat to

Adipose tissue sympathetic beta
release energy)
Sinyal impuls dari
suatu neuron ke
neuron lain
Review of Efferent Pathways: Motor & Autonomic
NEUROTRANSMITTER PADA SSO
1.
NEUROTRANSMITTER PADA SSO
2.
Lanjutan
 Zat-zat Yang Bekerja
Terhadap Saraf Simpatis
1. Simpatomimetika (agonis simpatis)
2. Simpatolitik (antagonis simpatis)
1. Simpatomimetika (agonis simpatis) /
ADRENOMIMETIKA (AGONIS ADRENERGIK)
PENGGUNAAN ADRENERGIK
2. Simpatolitik (antagonis simpatis) /
Adrenolitik (Antagonis adrenergik)
■ Aprodisiac  zat yang
mampu meningkatkan
gairah seksual
α bloker dan β bloker (antagonis
adrenergik)
 Zat-zat Yang Bekerja
Terhadap Saraf
Parasimpatis
1. Parasimpatomimetika (agonis parasimpatis)
2. Parasimpatolitik (antagonis parasimpatis)
1. Parasimpatomimetika (agonis
parasimpatis) / kolinomimetik
(agonis kolinergik)
Beberapa jenis reseptor Ach Muskarinik
AGONIS KOLINERGIK LANGSUNG
2. Parasimpatolitika (antagonis
parasimpatis) / kolinolitik
(antagonis kolinergik)
TUGAS HARIAN
■ Apakah yang dimaksud dengan simpatomimetik, simpatolitik,
parasimpatomimetik dan parasimpatolitik??
■ Jelaskanlah bagaimana mekanisme kerja obat
simpatomimetik/agonis simpatis? Sebutkan contoh obatnya
■ Jelaskanlah bagaimana mekanisme kerja obat
simpatolitik/antagonis simpatis? Sebutkan contoh obatnya
■ Jelaskanlah bagaimana mekanisme kerja obat
parasimpatomimetik/agonis parasimpatis? Sebutkan contoh
obatnya
■ Jelaskanlah bagaimana mekanisme kerja obat
parasimpatolitik/antagonis parasimpatis? Sebutkan contoh
obatnya
Terima Kasih