CARDIOVASCULAR – DIURETICS

1. mannitol
a. inhibits H20 absorption in proximal tubule, loop of Henle and collecting tubule
b. is metabolized to glycerol – not metabolised
c. decreases total body water and total body cation content equally – water >> ions
d. is of no value when renal haemodynamics are compromised – will still draw water from
intracellular volume
e. ?

2. which raises the pH of urine the most

a. acetazolamide
b. frusemide
c. chlorthiazide
d. ?
e. ?

3. which is NOT true of diuretics?

a. Loop diuretics can be used to treat hypercalcaemia
b. Frusemide is used in the prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness
c. Cirrhotic oedema responds to spironolactone
d. They may enhance the efficiency of ACE inhibitors
e. Hydrochlorothiazide is useful in diabetes insipidus

4. Which is the correct site of action?

a. Spironolactone = collecting duct
b. Triamterene = ascending loop of Henle
c. Thiazides = proximal part of distal tubule
d. Frusemide = proximal tubule
e. Acetazolamide = collecting tubule

5. Loop diuretics (eg frusemide) inhibit:

a. Na+/Cl- channels
b. K+/H2CO3 channels
c. Na+/K+/2Cl- channels
d. Na+/glucose symporter
e. Na+/K+ channels

6. The elimination half life of frusemide is:

a. 30min – 1hr
b. 1-2hr
c. 1.5-2hr
d. 2-3hr
e. 2.5-3hr

7. Which of the following is an aldosterone antagonist?

a. ?
b. ?
c. ?
d. spironolactone
e. ?

8. An example of an ADH antagonist is

a. Ethanol
b. Amiloride
c. Lithium
d. Aldosterone
e. Triamterene

9. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

a. Were developed from early antibiotics
b. Are closely related to thiazide diuretics
c. Cause metabolic acidosis
d. Decrease the pH of CSF
e. All of the above

10. Which is not the correct site of action

a. Spironolactone and the collecting duct
b. Triamterene and the ascending loop of Henle
c. Thiazides and the proximal part of the distal tubule
d. Acetazolamide and the collecting tubule
e. Frusemide and the ascending loop of Henle