Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Rulers in Asia (1683 – 1745): a preliminary study of the chronology of their reign
By Maarten Manse

The enormous amount of rulers and their various

titles and names in the database can lead to a lot of
confusion. The ruling dynasties in the Indonesian
Archipelago and other parts of South- and Southeast
Asia can be incredibly complicated to comprehend.
Many rulers were mobile, sometimes regencies
merged together or partitioned, some rulers ruled
different regencies during their lifetime and some of
them were exiled by the VOC-government. On top of
that, spelling of their names by natives and VOC-
clerks was inconsequent and can nowadays be very
hard to perceive. Most of the names in the database
of Diplomatic Letters are directly derived from the
Daghregisters and transcribed into modern spelling.

However, some of these rulers can be found in secondary sources, either printed or online. Verification of those
rulers that can be found online is not fully guaranteed. There are also names that so far have been left
untranscribed. Ideally, all of these rulers will eventually be traced and verified, but therefore much more research
is required. We therefore gladly invite anyone who has more information on any of these persons or locations to
contribute to or comment on this list.

Rulers, as mentioned in the Daghregisters, 1683 – 1745:

Europe

Lisbon:
Senado Real Português

London:
King Charles II (29 May 1660 – 6 Feb. 1685)

Africa

Abessynia (Gondar):

Iyasu I (19 Jul. 1682 – 13 Oct. 1706)

Tekle Haymanot I (27 Mar. 1706 – 30 Jun. 1708)

Cape of Good Hope (exiles):

Nizam ad-Din Abd al-Basir (Sultan Abdul Basi/Abdul Radja/Abdul Lasi), Sultan of Ternate, exiled in
1697
Son of Raja Sultan Abdul Basi
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Pangeran Arya Purbaya, exiled in 1716

Raden Sake, exiled in 1716
Raden Suryakasuma (Saloringpasar), exiled in 1715

Middle East/Persia/Arabian Peninsula

Persia (Isfahan):

Shah Suleiman I (26 October 1666- 29 July 1694)

• Sheikh Ali khan Zangeneh (1669 – 1691; Grandvizier).
Sultan Husayn (29 July 1694- 11 Sep. 1722)
• “de hoofden van de boloeds“
• The "Bgler Begie" of Persia

Yemen/Mocha:

Muhammad II bin al-Mutawakkil 'Ala Allah Ismail (29 Jun 1681 - 27 Apr 1686), Imam of Yemen
Muhammad III un-Nasir bin (27 Apr 1686 – 1718), Imam of Yemen
• The Governor of Mocha: "Sheikh Sal"
• Governor/viceory of Mocha: “den gouverneur Sjeech Saleh bin Alip Horebij in Mocha”
• den Mochase gouverneur Tacgui Abdul Sjinsjell
• den coopman Cassim Ter...?
• den schrijver Abdoel Alla
• Warlord Mansyur Bila
• Abdul Allah, writer in Mocha
Qasim II ibn Husain (1718 – 1723), Imam of Yemen
Nasir Muhammad bin Ishaq (1723), Imam of Yemen
Qasim II ibn Husain (1723 – 1727), Imam of Yemen
Muhammad IV al-Hadi al-Majid ibn Ali (1727 – 1728), Imam of Yemen
Mansur ibn Qasim (1728 - 6 Mar 1748), Imam of Yemen
• Imam Emohadix, Imam of Mocha [?]
• Siri Ibrahim, son of he Imam1 [?]

East Asia

Japan (Edo [Tokyo]):

Emperor Reigen (9 Jul. 1654 – 24 Sep. 1732)

China:

Amoy (Xiamen):

Bu Yuan (Zongdu/governor-general; viceroy) of Xiamen: “d’Edele heer Sisiancon gouverneur en

admiraal van Aymuy”
Governor Kao Chi Chuo[?]
Governor of Amoy: “den Campou Talauja ontfanger van Cuichieeuw en Aymuy”
Governor Kao Chi Chuo[?]
A governor of Xiamen (“den Campou Talauja ontfanger van Cuichieeuw en Aymuy”)

1See: N. Um, The merchant houses of Mocha: trade and architecture in an Indian Ocean port (Washington: University of Washington Press
2009).
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Beijing (Qing-empirors):

Kangxi Emperor (5 Feb. 1661 – 20 Dec. 1722)

Yongzheng Emperor (27 Dec. 1722 – 8 Oct. 1735)
Qianlong Emperor (8 Oct. 1735 – 7 Feb. 1796/1799)
• Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers (or: Council of Princes and High
Officials/Assembly of Princes and High Officials)
The “Tjontok Tsialou”
The Hoppo of Beijing
The Hoppo of Beijing "Chia Toala"

Canton (Guangzhou):

Bu Yuan (Zongdu/governor-general; viceroy) Wu Xingzuo of Guangdong and Guangxi (1681 –

1689)
Bu Yuan Shi-Liu (1689 – 1702)[?]
Hoppo Kuan-Yin-Pao
An apostle in Canton, mentioned in 1710
The Governor of Canton

Fuzhou:

Bu Yuan (Bu Yuan; Zongdu/governor-general) Yao Qisheng of Fujian

The Governor of Fuzhou (“den Hoeje Combon of stadhouder in Hoccieuw”)
The Bu Yuan of Fuzhou

Quintang[?]:

the Mandarins in Quintang

The Hoppo of Quintang
The Governor van Quitang
A merchant[?] from Quintang[?] (“den Tsjontok Toealo”)

South Asia

India/Ceylon:

Calicut (Kerala):

The Zamorin of Kerala

Cochin/Kochi:

Veera Kerala Varma V (1663 – 1687)

Rama Varma III (1687 – 1693)
Ravi Varma II (1693 – 1697)
Rama Varma IV (1697 – 1701)
Rama Varma V (1701 – 1721)
Ravi Varma III (1721 – 1731)
Rama Varma VI (1731 – 1746)
• Babba Porbu (merchant)
• The Cochiniese Warlord "Paljette Cami"
• a missionary from Cochin
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

• Jesuit Johannes Sibert from Sinoa, Cochin China

• The Chansellor at Cochin

Colombo (exiles):

Abadin Tadia Tjoessoep (Sheikh Yusuf), exiled in 1694.2

Raja ‘Bea’ of Gorontalo, mentioned 1689 – 1696
Arung Teko, exiled in 1702
Pangeran Arya Purbaya, exiled in 17163
Raden Sake, exiled in 1716
Panji Surengrana (Arya Wiranegara), exiled in 17234
Daeng Mangala, commander of the milites on the fleet of Paulus Huntum
Pangeran Arya Mankunegara

Golconda (Hyderabad):

Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672 – 1687)

Mirza Nizamuddin (governor)
• After the fall of Golconda on September 22, 1687, it became a part of the six Mughal
provinces in the Deccan

Hooghly:

The Duwani of the Deccan

Kanara (Arkat/Arcot/Carnatic):

Nawab Dost Ali Khan (1732 – 1740)

Kandy:

Rajasinghe II (1629 – Nov./Dec. 1686 [6 December 1687 according daghregisters])

Vimala Dharmasurya II (1687 – 4 Jun. 1707)
Viraparakkama Narendrasimha (4 Jun. 1707 – 13 May 1739)
• den pretendent der Candise kroon:
Unambuve Bandara
Sri Vijaya Rajasimha (13 May 1739 – 11 Aug. 1747)
Kirtisri Rajasimha (11 Aug. 1747 – 2 Jan. 1782)
Sri Rajadhirajasimha ( 2 Jan. 1782 – 12 Aug. 1798)
Sri Vikrama Rajasimha (1798 – 17 Feb. 1803)

Kayamkulam:

The Raja of Kayamkulam

Machilipatnam:

Reccapally Hayapa Chetim[?]

Malabar:

2
K. Ward, Networks of empire. Forced migration in the Dutch East India Company (New York: Cambridge University Press 2009): 207.
3 Daghregisters, 25 July 1717.
4 Ward, Networks of empire: 207; M.C. Ricklefs, A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1981, 2nd ed.

1993): 87.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

The King of Malabar

Mughal Empire (Delhi):

Aurangzeb
Bahadur Shah I (1707 – 1712)
Jahandar Shah (1712 – 1713)
Farrukhsiyar (1713 – 1719)
Rafi-ul Darjat (28 feb. 1719 – jun. 6 1719)
Shah Jahan II (6 Jun. – 19 Sep. 1719)
Muhammad Shah (Roshan Akhtar) (27 Sep. 1719 – 26 Apr. 1748)
• Governor Codja Ibrahim[?]

Patani:
Raja Nuh (1729 – 1750)

Arakan [Rakhine] (Launggyet/Mrauk U):

King Thiri Thudhamma

Fort Sindhudurg :

Shivaji Pandit

Surat:

o Mughal Governors and Merchants:

Governor Aytbar Kahn (1680 – 1683)
Governor Sahamat Khan (1683 – 1685)
Governor Mirza Sjah Allah (Sayh Alla) (1685 – 1687)
Governor Salabat Muhammed (1687 – 1690)
Governor Governor Nayabat Khan (1690 – 1693)
Governor Dilawar Khan (1693 – 1701)
Governor Niyat Khan (1701 – 1707)\
Governor Itibar Khan
Governor Amanat Khan (1707 – 1713)
Governor Dayana Khan (1713 – 1714)
Governor Dayanat Khan (1713 – 1714)
Governor Haj ‘Abd al-Hamid Khan (1714)
Mahatarim Khan (1714 – 1715)
Mumin Khan (1715 – 1716)
Saiyid Aslat Khan (1716 – 1717)
Hyadar Quli Khan (1717 – 1719)
Tahavar Khan (1719 -1723)
Rustan Ali Khan (1723 – 1725)
Suhrab Khan (1725 – 1731)
Tag Baht Khan (1731 -1746)
Rigsigdas (merchant)
Birsigdas (merchant)
Mohammed Mahasan (merchant?)
Benjan in Surat (merchant?)

Southeast-Asia

Cambodja (Oudong/Udong):

Preah Bat Samdech Chey Chettha IV (1675 – 1695, 1696 – 1699, 1700 – 1702 and 1703 – 1706)
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Preah Bat Samdech Outey I or Narai Ramathipadi II (1695 – 1696)

Preah Bat Samdech Barom Ramadhipati or Kaev Hua III (1699 – 1700 and 1710 – 1722)
Preah Bat Samdech Thommoreachea III or Sri Dhamaraja III (1702 – 1703, 1706 – 1709 and 1738 –
1747)

Maguindanao (Cotabato):

Sultan Barahaman (Sultan Muhammad Shah Minulu-sa-Rahmatullah) (1671[?] – 1699)

Sultan Kahar ud-Din Kuda (Maulana Amir ul-Umara Jamal ul-Azam) (1699 – 1702)
Sultan Bayan ul-Anwar (Maruhom Batua; Dipatuan Jalal ud-Din Mupat Batua [posthumously])
(1702 – 1736)
• The Viceroy of Maguindanao
• The Syahbandar of Maguindanao

Siam:

Ayutthaya (Kings of Ayutthaya/Siam):

Somdet Phra Narai (1633 – 11 Jul. 1688; death acknowledged by VOC Jan. 2 1689)
Phra Phetracha Ramesuen II (1688 – 1703)
Somdet Phra Sanphet VIII (King Petraja, Luang Sorasak "Phra Chao Sua"; Suriyenthrathibodi) (1703
– 1709)
Sanphet IX (Phumintharacha "Thai Sa") (1709 – Jan. 1733)
Borommakot Maha Dharmaracha II (Somdet Phrachaoyuhua Borommakot / Somdet Phra
Boromaracha Dhiraj III) (Jan. 1733 - 13 Apr. 1758)
• Praya Chula Rachamontri IV (“Chen”)
• Phra Sinorat[?]
• Resident Kon Man Wanit
• Oya Sebertibaan
• A certain “abdul latieff van het gepasseerde tot lingij” (lingga-riau)
• Phra Chula Raya[?]
• Oya Prakhlangs:
o Phra Khlang Chao Phraya Kosathibodi (? – 1693)
o Unknown Prakhlangs (1693 – 1745)
• Syahbandar Uluwang Cudek Rasati[?]

Ligor:

The Viceroy of Ligor

Vietnam:

Annam (Phú Xuân/Huế) (Nguyen lords; in VOC documents: Quinam):

Nguyễn Phúc Trăn (1687 – 1691)

Nguyễn Phúc Chu (1691 – 1725)

Tonkin (Hanoi) (Trịnh lords):

Chúa Trịnh Căn (Dinh Vuong) (1682 – 1709)

• Prince Trịnh Vịnh[?]
• Prince Amangkock [?]
• Trịnh Bính (Grandson of Trịnh Căn)
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Chúa Trịnh Cương (greatgrandson of Trịnh Căn) (1709 – 1729)

Malaysian Peninsula:

Johor:

Ibrahim Shah (16? - 1685)

• Sri Paduka Tun Pikrama Tun Habib ‘Abdu’l Majid bin Tun Mat ‘Ali, Dato’ Bendahara Sri
Maharaja (1677), regent/Chief minister of Johor (1688 – 1697)
Mahmud II of Johor (1685 – 3 Sep. 1699)
• Sri Paduka Tun Sulong ‘Abdu’l Jalil, Dato’ Bendahara Paduka Raja. Son of Paduka Tun
Pikrama, succeeded Mahmud II as:
Abdul Jalil IV (Bendahara Abdul Jalil) (1699–1720)
• Dato Laksamana Orang Kaya Abdul Jamil (Dato’ Laksamana Paduka Raja)
• Orang Kaya Sri Naraderaja[?]
• Syahbandar Orang Kaya Raja Indra Bongsu Abdul Majid (Styled Orang Kaya Raja Indra
Bongsu (1699 – 1708), Dato’ Shahbandar (1707 – 1708) and Yang di-Pertuan Muda from
1709)
• Dato Tumenggung Paduka Tuan of Muar (Paduka Tuan)
• Panglima Laut[?]
Raja Kechil (usurper) (1719 – 1723)
Sulaiman Badr ul-Alam Shah ibni al-Marhum Sultan Abdul Jalil Riayat Shah (1721 – 20 Aug. 1760)
• Daeng Marewa[?]

Malacca:

Yudaningrat
The Syahbandar of Malacca

Java/Bali:

Bali/Klungkung:

Anglurah Agung (of Gelgel) (1665 – 1685)

Dewa Agung Jambe I (1686 – 1722)
• Kapitan Waeng … [?]
• Kapitan Prompok[?]
• Sahang Lura Panji[?]
Dewa Agung Gedé (Suryavira) (1722 – 1736)
• The Regent of Tangapura, mentioned in 1728
Dewa Agung Made (1736 – 1760)
Dewa Agung Sakti (ca. 1760 – ca. 1790)
• Regent: Dewa Agung Panji (1769 – 1790)
Dewa Agung Putra I Kusamba (ca. 1790 – 1809)
Surapati and his heirs
Gusti Kader Karaeng
Gusti Panji Danur Darastra of Samaya
The "Sangangura on Bali"

Badung:

Gusti Made Hubud

Bandung (Timbanganten):
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Dalem Tenjolaya Demang Timbanganten (1681 – 1704)

Raden Ardisuta (Tumenggung Anggadiredja I) (1704 – 1707)
Tumenggung Anggadiredja II (1707 – 1747)
Hida Dewa Hanum
Gusti Made Hubud
Ombul Dipanegara[?]

Banjar:

Pangeran Suria Angsa (Sultan Tahlilullah bin Sultan Saidullah) (1660 – 1700)
Sultan Rakyatullah (Ri'ayatullah) / Sulthan Achmat-ollah (Sultan Ahmatullah) (1700 – 1714)
Banten:

Sultan Agung Tirtayasa, (Pangeran Surya) (1651 – 1683)

• Abadin Tadia Tjoessoep (Sheikh Yusuf), advisor of Sultan Agung, exiled in 1684 to
Colombo and from there to the Cape Colony
Sultan Haji (Sultan Abu Nasr Abdul Kahhar/Abu ‘n-Nasr ‘Abd al Qahhar; Sultan Haggi) (1682 –
1687)
• Pangeran Dipaningrat (Prime minister, mangkubumi/wazir [wazīr] under Sultan Haji),
(1682 – 1690)5
• Pangeran Arya Purbaya, exiled in 1716
• Raden Sake, exiled in 1716
Sultan Abdul Fadhl (1687 – 1690)
• Pangeran Ingajogya
• Pangeran Depati (son of Sultan Haji)
• Pangeran Depati’s mother: Isa Sultana (wife of Sultan Haji)
• Pangeran Tajudin
• Pangeran Mohammed Salim
• Ki Arya Sutawicastra
• Ki Arya Natasedana
• Pangeran Yudanegara
• Pangeran Raxanegara
• Kyai Arya Jayasedana
• Arya Natawijaja, rijksbestierder
• Arya Dutantaka
• Radja Aron Boodja
• Pangeran Adipati
• Pangerang Arya Tisnanegara
• Pangeran Arya Tisnamangala
• Arya Purbanata
Sultan Abul Mahasin Zainul Abidin (1690 – 1733)
• Depati Humbanegara[?]
• Pangeran Arya Purbanegara, rijksbestierder
• Pangeran Adipati Kasuma
• Pangeran Citrayuda
• Syahbandar
• Raja Arung Bujung
• A certain Muhammed Ali (Mochamadali; mentioned 1731)
• Pangeran Cisnayuda
• Kyai Arya Wangsa Utam

5
C. Guillot, Banten: sejarah dan peradaban abad X-XVII (Jakarta: KPG 2008): 194; J. Thalens, ‘Het sultanaat Banten en de VOC’ in: E. Locher-
Scholten and P. Rietbergen (eds.), Hof en handel, Aziatische vorsten en de VOC 1620-1720 (Leiden: KITLV Press 2004).
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

• Kyai Arya Sacadimarta

Sultan Muhammad Wasi Zainifin (1733 – 1750)
• Pangeran Arya Kusuma Ningrat
• Pangeran Tajul Alam
• Pangeran Tajuddin[?], rijksbestierder
• Ki Arya Suta Wisastra

Bangil (Pasuruan):

Tumenggung Jajalalana

Batang:

An “Omar” of Batang
Magat Suka Raja
Raja Ajerhaje
The Ombols of Batang

Bekasi:

Hu Yong Tiau[?], (Chinese merchant[?] Bekasi)

Blambangan:

The regent of Balambangan

Mas Angapati Janingjasastra
den jongen Sangangoera op Baly

Bojong Lopang:

Tumenggung Wira Mantri

Brebes:

The widow of the regent of Brebes

Ciamis:

Tumenggung Japati
Tumenggung of Ciamis
Demang Warganagala
Tumenggung Yudanegara
Tumenggung Wirahutama

Cianjur:

Arya Wiratanu I (c.1640 – 1686)

Aryia Wiratanu II (1686 – 1707)
Arya Wiratanu III (1707 – 1727)
Adipati Wiratanudatar IV (1727 – 1761)
Adipati Wiratanudatar V (1761 – 1776)
Adipati Wiratanudatar VI (1776 – 1813)

Ciasem:
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Ngabehi Kartayuda
Princes and regents of Ciasem/Pamanukan
Ki Arya Wirasaba
Mas Wirasuta

Cibalagung:

Arya Natamangala

Cigalugur:

Kyai Sutanegara

Cileungsi
Nayawangsa

Cirebon:

The lineage of Cirebon was split up under influence of Banten into three different Kraton’s. In 1705
it became a VOC-protectorate.

Kraton Kasepuhan (Princes as Sultan Cirebon)

• Sultan Sepuh I Syamsuddin (Prince Martawijaya; Sultan Sepuh Abil Makarimi
Muhammad Samsudin) (1662 – 1697)
o Pangeran Arya Cirebon Abu Muharram Kamar ad-Din, becomes:
• Sultan Sepuh II Jamaluddin (1697 – 1723)
o Pangeran Martawijaja
o Pangeran Adipati Anum
• Sultan Sepuh III Muhammad Zainuddin I (1723 – 1754)
• Sultan Sepuh IV Muhammad Zainuddin II (1753 – 1773)
• Sultan Sepuh V (1773 – 1781)
• Hasanuddin Sultan Sepuh VI (1781 – 1791)
• Djoharudin Sultan Sepuh VII (1791 – 1816)
Kraton Kanoman (Princes as Sultan Anum)
• Sultan Anom I Badruddin (Prince Kartawijaya; Sultan Anom Abil Makarimi Muhammad
Badrudin) (1662 – 1703)
• Sultan Anom II Pangeran Dipati (Pangeran Dipati Hallar ad-Din) (1703 – 1706)
• Raja Kusuma (1706 – 1719)
• Sultan Anom III Muhammad Alimuddin (1719 – 1732)
• Raja Tumenggung (1732 – 1744)
• Sultan Anom IV Muhammad Khairuddin II (1744 – 1797)
• Sultan Anom V Khairuddin (1797 – 1819)
Kraton Keprabonan (Princes as Panembahan Cirebon)
• Panembahan Cirebon I Muhammad (Prince Wangsakerta; Pangeran Abdul Kamil
Muhammad Nasarudin or Panembahan Tohpati) (1677 – 1714)
o The widow of Panembahan Cirebon I Muhammad
o Pangeran Mas Cirebon (son of Panembahan Cirebon I)
• Raja Tumenggung Secadipura (1714 – 1725)
• Panembahan Cirebon II Muhammad (1725 – 1731)
• Raja Tumenggung Secadipura (1731 – 1752)
• Panembahan Cirebon III Muhammad Tair Jariri Sabririn Tajul Arifin bin Muhammad
Akbaruddin (1752 – 1773)
Syahbandar Ki Arya Martanata
Unverified nobles in Cirebon:
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

• Raden Arya Suryadipura

• Tumenggung Citradipura of Cirebon
• Pangeran Depati Topati
• Ngabehi Prana Dinatra
• Pangeran Arya Cirebon
• Tumenggung Intipraja
• Tumenggung Wiratmaka
• Depati Imbanegara
• Pangeran Suryanegara
• Arya Milipraja
• Demang Neranata
• Wiratmaka
• Tumenggung Wiradinata
• Pangeran Rajaningrat
• Tumenngung Niti Raja
• Pangeran Ratu[?]
• Pangeran Muhamed
• Tummenggung Saijadipura
• Pangeran Depati Topati
• Ngabehi Prana Dinatra

Damar Besar/Edam /Damar Tengah:

Pangeran of Damar Besar

Demak:

Tumenggung Patmanegara of Demak and his mother (?)

Ni Tumenggung Suranata
Ngabehi Wiranegara
Ngabehi Martawidjaja
Mey Hageng[?]
Raden Arya Suranata
Wife of Ni Tumenggung Suranata[?]
Tumenggung Suranata
Pangeran Patmanegara

Gabang:

Pangeran Sutajasa

Gresik:
Raden Ngabehi Naladita/Naladika
Raden Tumenggung Puspanegara
Raden Ngabehi Suriya Vikrama

Imbanagara (Ciamis):

Regent of Imbanegara
Depati ImbanegaraSalim

Indramayu:

Ki Wirantaka
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Jampang:

Ngabehi Nayawangala

Jepara:

Capain of the Malay “Intje Salim”

Raden Arya Sunduraja
Tumenggung Martapura
Tejanapura, governor of Jepara
Kyai Adipati Tumenggung Citrasuma
Depati Sejanapura

Jipang:

Kapitan Sutawangsa
The Native officials of Jipang

Kalitanjung:

Arya Intrapaya

Karawang:

Raden Anom Wirasuta (1677 – 1721)

Raden Jayanegara (Adipati Panatayuda II) (1721 – 1731)
Raden Singanegara (Adipati Panatayuda IV ) (1752 – 1786)
Adipati Panatayuda
Arya Mangala
• Tumenggung Panatayuda
• The lurah's of Suta Juda in Karawang
• Ombol Wirabaya[?]
• Commissionary of the natives Ragamarta
• The Ombols
• Kapitan Anganata
• Kapitan Sutajaja

Kediri:

Depati Jajaningrat

Limbangan:

Wangsadita
Demang Martasinga
Surengrana
Ranga Limbangan

Madiun:

Banyakpatra/Raden Temenggong Karta Negara, husband of Raden Ayu Rangga Kaliwungu, daughter of
Pangeran Arya Blitar IV. Bupati of Madiun (1704 – 1709)

Madura (Bangkalan):

Panembahan Cakraningrat II (Raden Undakan), (1648 – 1707)

 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Pangeran Cakraningrat III, (1707 – 1718)

• Tumenggung Surayadinata
• Depati Suryadiningrat
Pangeran Cakraningrat IV (1718 – 1746)
Angajiwa

Mataram: (see: Surakarta)

Pekalongan:

Kyai Adipati Jajadiningrat

Depati Cakraningrat
Adipati Diningrat

Pamekasan:

Kanjeng Pangeran Ario Cakranegara II (Pangeran Romo) (1678 – 1709)

Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Wiromenggolo (Raden Purwonegoro) (1709 – 1721)
Puspa
Raden Arya Adikara
Raden Ayu[?] Adikara, mother of Raden Arya Adikara
Raden Sasena
Raden Arya Pulangjiwa
Raden Ayu Biskara
Raden Nayubaskara
Mantri's

Pamanukan:

Ngabehi Wangsatanu
Ngabehi Nangatanu
Raden Arya Adikara
Ki Mas Angsasuta

Panaruban:

Ombol Kentol Patra

Parakan Muncang:

Tumenggung Tanubaya
Ngabehi Concuko

Pasisir/Pekadengan:

Ngabehi's of Pasisir and Pekadengan[?]

Pemalang:

Arya Cakranegara

Priangan:

Arya Surawinata

Sampang:
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Raden Suderma
Pangeran Depati Cakraningrat

Semarang:

Sura Adimangala I (1682 – 1721)

Setra Vijaya (1723 – 1741)
Adipati X Martupura
Adipati Danuraja
Adipati Asrtrawijaja
Ki Ranga Yudawangsa
Adipati Suradimangala
• Sons of Adipati Suradimangala
Sayadimarta[?]
Depati Jajadiningrat
Ngabehi Astrawijaja
Ngabehi Martayuda
Raden Tummengung Trianegana
Adipati Aura Dimangala
Adipati Seja Napura

Sibalagon:

Arya Natamangala

Sukapura:

Tumenggung Wiradedaha

Gianyar (Sukawati):

Ida Dewa Anum

Sumedang:

Pangeran Kusumahdinata VI (Pangeran Panembahan/Pangeran Rangga Gempol III) (1656 – 1706)

• Adipati Rangga Gede (1680 – ?)
Bupati Dalem Tumenggung Tanumaja (1706 – 1709)
Bupati Pangeran Karuhun (1709 – 1744)
• Pangeran Rangga Gempol
Dalem Adipati Tanumaja (1706 – 1737)
Adipati Kusumadinata (1737[?] – 1748)

Sumenep:

Kanjeng Pangeran Ario Yudanegara (1671 – 1684)

Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Pulangjiwa, Kajeng Pangeran Seppo (1684 – 1702)
o Ngabehi Brajapati (Ngabhi Prajapati Pandi Wixangaraxa[?]), provisional regent
o Ngabehi Lingajaja Joxo, provisional regent
o Mas Sewanegara
Kanjeng Pangeran Ario Cakranegara II (Pangeran Rama) (1702 – 1705)
Raden Suderma (1705 – 1707)
Kanjeng Pangeran Ario Cakranegara II (1707 – 1737)
Ario Cakranegora III Pangeran Jimat (1737 – 1750)
o Raden Arya Dipaningrat
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

o Raden Arya Suradiningrat

o The Chinese Syahbandar of Sumenep

Surabaya:

Surapati Viranegara I (1696 – 1706)

Viranegara II (1706 – 1707)
Kyai Adipati Jangrana I (Anggawangsa) (1677 – 1705)
• Ki Panta Serangrana[?]
• Ki Demang Wangsanegara
• Kyai Adipati Jangrana II (Panembahan Panatagama) (1705 – 1709), rijksbestierder
• Raden Tumenggung Sastranegara
• Suryanegara
• Depati Surabaya
• The Captain at Surabaya
Surabaya split up in 1709 into two Kratons: ‘Kasepuhan’ and ‘Kanoman’
Kasepuhan: Arya Jayapuspita
The mother of Arya Jayapuspita
Kanoman: Ngabehi Jangrana III
• Tumenggung Cacrajaja tot Sourabaya, rijksbestierder
• Raden Panji Surengrana (Arya Wiranegara), exiled to Colombo in 1723
• Kartayuda
• Pangeran Puspaningrat
Raden Arya Cokronegoro
Ngabehi Yudanegara
Ngabehi Pulandara
Tumenggung Suramarta
Tumenggung Surawijaya

Surakarta:

Susuhunan Amangkurat II (1677 – 1703)

• Radin Amirang Kusuma[?]
• Tumenggung Surawikrama
• Raden Arya Linduraja, rijksbestierder
• Raden Mas Sutikna; son of Amangkurat II, becomes:
Susuhunan Amangkurat III (1703 – 1705),
• Raden Suryakasuma (Saloringpasar) exiled to Cape of Good Hope in 1715
• Pangeran Mangku Negara/Pangeran Arya Vira Mangala
• Radin Mas Gusti Sudhama/Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Blitar
• Radin Mas Gusti Sasangka/Pangeran Adipati Purbaya
• Adipati Sejanapura
• Adipati Jajaningrat
• Tumenggung Cakrajiya
• Tumenggung Cartanegara[?]
• Tumenggung Sitrasoma[?]
• Untung Surapati
• The sons of Surapati, exiled to Ceylon
Susuhunan Pangeran Puger, Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana I (1704 – 1719)
• Tumenggung Yudanegara
• Kyai Adipati Surya Adiningrat
• Banyakpatra/Radin Temenggong Karta Negara, husband of Radin Ayu Rangga
Kaliwungu, daughter of Pangeran Arya Blitar IV. Bupati of Madiun (1704 – 1709)
• Tumenggung Cakranegara
• Tumenggung Cacrajaja
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

• Citrawangsa
• Martakara
Susuhunan Amangkurat IV (22 Feb. 1719 – 20 Apr. 1726)
• Adipati Danuraja, rijksbestierder
Susuhunan Paku Buwono II (20 Apr. 1726 – 30 Jun. 1742)
Susuhunan Amangkurat V (30 Jun. 1742 – 24 Dec. 1742)
Susuhunan Paku Buwono II (24 Dec. 1742 – 11 Dec. 1749)
Susuhunan Paku Buwono III (11 Dec. 1749 – 26 Sep. 1788)
• Pangeran Jajadiningrat
• Danu Raja, rijksbestierder
• Arya Sinduraja

Talaga:

Pangeran Adipati Sacanata

Tangerang:

Kyai Arya Bayadimarta

Tegal:

Captain Ismael
Officers of Tegal

Tembuko:

The king of Tembuko (“Tambucco”)

Utama:

Sutapatra

Wanayasa:

Demang Suradicara

Moluccas:

Banda Neira:

Raden Suderma, exiled[?], send from Madura to Banda 1690, returned between 1694 and 17036

Bacan:

Sultan Alauddin II (1660 – 1706)

• Kaicili Musum[?]
Sultan Musa Malikuddin (1706 – 2 Jan. 1715)
• The princes of Bacan
• The rijksbestierder of Bacan
Sultan Kie Nasiruddin (1715 – 17 Feb. 1732)
Sultan Hamza Tarafan Nur (1732 – 1741)

6
See: Daghregisters, 24 January 1690 and 20 October 1694.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Sultan Muhammad Sahadin (1741 – 1780)

Ceram:

A 'Lokman' of Ceram, mentioned in 1686

Ternate7:

Sultan Mandar Syah (1648 – 1675)

Kaicili Sibori Sultan Amsterdam (January 1675 – Apr. 27, 1689), born at Ternate in 1654 as Kyai
Chili Sibori [Prince Amsterdam], as eldest son of Sultan Mandar Shah
Wives of Sultan Amsterdam:
1. Tuari, a lady from Falahu or Sulawesi
2. ?
3. a daughter of the Prince of Tabukan or Sangi. m. 1675.
4. a daughter of the Prince of Siau
5. H.H. Jou Ma Boki Ruze, daughter of his uncle, Kyai Chili Kalamata, m. at Makassar, 1675 (div.
1676)
6. a Chinese widow
7. Yaru, daughter of Katib Meau Bidulu
8. Kini, daughter of Tamir Hamsara
9. a sister of the Sangaji of Ngofagita

Sultan Said Fathu'llah (Sultan Siad Kaicili Toloko/Tolukki) (27 Apr. 1689 – 12 Aug. 1714), born in
1657 as Kyai Chili Tolukki [Prince Rotterdam], fifth son of Sultan Mandar Shah by his eighth wife,
Ainun, daughter of Miru, succeeded on the death of his elder brother, 27th Apr. 1689
Wives of Sultan Said Fathu’llah:
1 Mariam, of Markian
2 Jou Ma Boki Baksua, daughter of Kyai Chili Dudu, of Tidore. m.
3 Boki Auro, daughter of Kyai Chili Duko ibni al-Marhum Sultan Magian Said ud-din, of Tidore
4 Sayira, daughter of the Khatib of Jailolo
5 Sia, a Chinese lady

Amir Iskandar Zulkarnain Saifuddin (1714 – 1751) born at Ternate in 1680, as Kyai Chili Sehe,
eldest son of Sultan Said Fathu'llah by his fourth wife, Sayira. Raised to the title of Raja Laut by his
father. Succeeded on the death of his father, 8th December 1714.
Wives of Sultan Saifuddin:
1. Jou Ma Boki Mariam [Maria van Vorst], elder daughter of Sultan Sibori ibni al-Marhum
Sultan Mandar Shah, Sultan of Ternate, by his first wife, Tuari
2. Khairun, a lady from Dorari

Other functionaries in Ternate:

• Kyai Chili Kalamata, son of Paduka Sri Sultan Muzaffar Shah I ibni al-Marhum Sultan Said
ud-din Barakat Shah
• Kyai Chili Pankula, son of Kyai Chili Kalamata, married with Boki Mauludu (1660), eldest
daughter Sultan Mandar Shah
• Kyai Chili Baressi, son of Sultan al-Hamza Hajah Amir ul-Mu'minin Barfi ul-Alam Illahi
Shah Musalih un-Nasir ud-din ibni al-Marhum Kyai Chili Tolu Suki (1627 – 1648)
• Wife of Sultan Amsterdam (later widow): Tuari of Falahu (?)
• Kyai Chili Hukum, son of a Gorontolese slave
• Boki Mahir Gammalamo, daughter of Maya, Jogugu (1679 – 1684)
• Gogugu Pancala Suara

7 See: L.Y. Andaya, The world of Maluku: Eastern Indonesia in the early modern period (Honolulu 1993); Ch.F. van Fraassen, Ternate, de
Molukken en de Indonesische archipel: van soa-organisatie en vierdeling: een studie van traditionele samenleving en cultuur in Indonesië
(Leiden: KITLV Press 1987).
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

• Hukum Marsaoli Bobaca

• Marsaoli Panjala
•
Kapitan Laut:
• Kyai Chili Reti (1662 – 1689)
• Kyai Chili Khoja (Kapita Laut during the reign of Sultan Said Fathu'llah)
• Kyai Chili Bian, son of Sayira

Tidore:

Sultan Hamzah Fahruddin (1674 – 1705)

Sultan Abdul Fadhlil Mansur (1705 – 1708)
Sultan Hasanuddin Kaicil Garcia (1708 – 1728)
Sultan Amir Bifodlil Aziz Muhidin Malikul Manan (1728 – 1757)
Sultan Muhammad Mashud Jamaluddin (1757 – 1779)
• Sangaji Patani

Sulawesi:

Bone8:

Arung Palakka (1672 – 6 Apr. 1696)

• Sira Daeng Talele Karaeng Ballajawa (16 Mar.[?] 1665/68 – 22 Aug. 1710[?]), second wife of
Arung Palakka
• Palacca Karaeng Laipatau
La Patau Paduka Sri Sultan Idris Azim ud-din (Matinroe-ri Nagawuleng/Matinroa ri Nagaulang
Idris) (6 Apr 1696 – 16 Sep. 1714), born as Matinroa ri Nagaulang Idris
• Karaeng ri Patukangang, first wife of Patau Paduka
Bata-ri Toja Daeng Talaga Arung Timurung Datu-ri Chitta Sultana Zainab Zakiyat [Matinroe-ri
Tipuluna] (16 Sep. 1714 – 5 Aug. 1715)
Bata-ri Toja Daeng Talaga Arung Timurung Datu-ri Chitta Sultana Zainab Zakiyat [Matinroe-ri
Tipuluna] (5 Aug. 1715 – 20 Jan. 1720) Born as Puanna I Mattaq Suleman
La Parappa To' Aparapu Sappewali Daeng Bonto Madanrang Karaeng Anamonjang Paduka Sri
Sultan Shahab ud-din Ismail ibni al-Marhum Sultan Idris Azim ud-din [Tumamenanga-ri
Sompaopu] (16 Dec. 1721 – 8 Jan. 1724)
• Aru Petus of Bone[?]
La Panaongi To' Pawawoi Arung Mampua Karaeng Bisei Paduka Sri Sultan Abdullah Mansur
ibni al-Marhum Sultan Idris Azim ud-din [Tuammenang-ri Bisei] (8 Jan. 1724 – 28 Jun. 1724)
I-Danraja Siti Nafisah Karaeng Langelo binti al-Marhum (10 May 1738 – 30 Dec. 1741)
Bata-ri Toja Daeng Talaga Arung Timurung Datu-ri Chitta Sultana Zainab Zakiyat (31 Dec. 1741 – 2
Nov. 1749)
• [Tobok? Carre Lifoang?] of Bone

Buton:

Sultan Zainuddin (1680 – 1689)

1689 – 1695: unknown
La Dini Sultan Syaifuddin (second time); Sultan Syaifuddin (1695 – 1702)
• The rijksbestierder of Bouton
La Rabaenga Sultan Syaiful Rijali Sultan Syamsuddin (1702)
La Sadaha Sultan Syamsuddin (1702 – 1709 )
La Ubi Sultan Nasiruddin (1709 – 1711)

8
W.P. Cummings, The Makassar Annals (Leiden: KITLV Press 2010).
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

La Tumparasi Sultan Muzhirudddin Abdul Rasyid (1711 – 1712)

Sultan Sakiyuddin Duurul Aalam (1711 – 1750)

Gorontalo:

Raja of Gorontalo
Raja ‘Bea’ of Gorontalo, exiled before 1689 to Colombo

Gowa9 (Makassar):

Sultan Mohammad Ali (Karaeng Bisei) Tumenanga ri Jakattara (1674 – 1677), born as Karaeng
Bisei Tumatea ri Jakattaraq Muhammad Ali
• Daeng Talele Karaeng Kampongberu, first wife of Sultan Mohammad Ali
I Mappadulung Daeng Mattimung Karaeng Sanrobone Sultan Abdul Jalil [Tumenanga-ri-Lakiung]
(16 Sep. 1677 – 17 Sep. 1709)
• Karaeng ri Lengkeseq (Mammaliang Daeng Pole) (14 Oct. 1627 – 10 Apr. 1695), prince,
son of tumailalang Karaeng Cenrana, Viceroy of Gowa
• Prince Daeng Mangalle (I Aduluq),
• Daeng Tasannging (Karaeng Bontosunggu)
• Prince Arung Teko, send into exile in 1702
• Daeng Nisayu, widow of Arung Teko
• Tumamenang ri Passiringanna Abdul Kadir (Mappajanji)
La Parappa To' Aparapu Sappewali Madanrang Daeng Bonto Karaeng Anamonjang Paduka Sri
Sultan Shahabuddin Ismail (Tumenanga-ri-Sompaopu/Matinroe ri Somba Opu/Tumamenang ri
Somba Opu) (18 Sep. 1709 – 30 Aug. 1712), born as Karaeng Anaq Moncong Ismail, son of Patau
Paduka Sri Sultan Idris Azim ud-din and Karaeng ri Patukangang
• Karaeng Bontosongo, rijksbestierder
I Mappaurangi Karaeng Kanjilo Paduka Sri Sultan Sirajuddin [Tuammenang-ri-Pasi] (31 Aug. 1712 –
22 Jan. 1739)
• Karaeng Bontosunggu Tumamenang ri Taenga (1644 – 1726)
I Malawangau Sultan Abdul Khair al-Mansur Shah [Tumenanga-ri-Gowa] (22 Jan. 1739 – 28 Jul.
1742)
I Mappaba'basa Sultan Abdul Kudus [Tumenanga-ri-Kala'birana] (28 Jul. 1742 – 21 Dec. 1753)
o An Inquisitor of Goa, mentioned 1720
o Mantri’s

Makassar (see Gowa):

Kapitan Daeng Matara

Tumamenang ri Passiringanna Abdul Kadir (Mappajanji)
Mantri’s

Sopping:

La Tenrisenge Towesa (1676 – 1691 )

We Adda (Datu ri Soppéng, We Adda Datu ri Watu) (1691 – 1705)
La Tenrisenge Towesa (1705 – 1707)
La Patau (1707 – 1714)
La Padang Sajati (1714 – 1720)

Sumatra:

9
W.P. Cummings, The Makassar Annals.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

7 Kota’s:

Penghulu’s

8 Kota’s:

Penghulu’s

9 Kota’s:

Penghulu’s

13 Kota’s:10

Regents (Penghulu’s[?])

Ayer Haja[?]:

The Raja of Ajerhaja

The regents of Ajerhaja

Bangka:

Pangeran Dipati Anum

The Syahbandar of Bangka

Barus11:

The Raja of Barus

The regents of Barus
The Pengulu’s of Barus
Raja Kecil (ca. 1670 – 1700)
Sultan Marah Tulang (ca. 1700 – 1730)
Sultan Munawar Shah (1730 – 1756)
Raja Baros: Radja Ibrahim van Baros
Raja Ibrahim (1739 – [?])
Sultan Marah Pangkat (1765 – [?])
Magat Zegat[?]

Bataa:

Raja Magat Sukat and the regents of Bataa

Raja Bataa
Raja Magat Sukat and regents
Raja Bongsu
Yangdipertuan Ragina Sultan Bongsu
The regents of Bataa

Bayang:

The regents of Bayang

The Penghulu’s of Bayang

10
The names of these Kota’s are unknown: this is how they are called in the Daghregisters.
11
J. Drakard, A Malay Frontier: Unity and Duality in a Sumatran Kingdom (Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University Press 1990).
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Bintanganteng[?]:

The regents of Bintanganteng

Empat Suku[?]:

The Raja and regents of Empat Suku[?]

Inderapura:

Sultan Muhammed Syah (1660 – 1691)

Sultan Mansur Shah (1691 – 1696)
Raja Pesisir (1691 – 1760)
Raja Pesisir II (1760 – 1790)

Jambi:

Sultan Ingalaga (1679 – 5-9-1687)

Sultan Kiai Gede (1687 – 1719)12
• Pangerang Pringgabaya, 2nd son of Ingalaga, actual ruler of Jambi 1708
• Kyai Demang Arsamanggala
• Pangeran Purbanegara
• Pangeran Mankopraja
• Pangeran Dipaningrat
• Sukarta Mankubumi (rijxbestierder)
• Pangeran Depati
• Pangeran Adipati
• Syahbandar Kiay Arya
• Pangeran Sutawijaja
Sultan Astra Ingalaga (Raden Astrawijaya) (1719 – 1725)
• Suriadinata, son of Kiai Gede; opposes Astra Ingalaga
• Pangeran Depati Suryanegara
Sultan Muhammad (1726 – 1727)
Sultan Astra Ingalaga (1727 – ?)
• Pangeran Nataningrat
• Pangeran Nata Agama[?]
Unknown Sultan of Jambi
• Raden Pamuk Mai Mas Depati[?]
• Pangeran Nataiwijaja Mankunegara
• Bagus Surya[?]
• Pangeran Sutawijaja
• Raden Bakam

Kambang:

The regents of Kambang

Kampung Baru:

12
In the VOC Daghregisters Sultan Kiai Gede is still referred to as ‘Pangeran Depatti’, even after the VOC installed Sultan Kiai in 1687 to
overrule his father, Sultan Ingalaga. See: B. Watson Andaya, ‘Cash cropping and upstream-downstream tensions: the case of Jambi in the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries’ in: A. Reid (ed.), Southeast Asia in the early moder era: trade, power, and belief (Ithaca and London:
Cornell University Press 1993): 91-122.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

The regent of Kampung Baru

Kota Tangah:

10 Penghulu's

Lampung:

Jalaludin Raja Muda

Regents
Pangeran Tanulaga

Pagaruyung (Minangkabau):

Raja Alam XXVI (Tuanku Perkasa Alam Pemangku) (1680 – 1695)

• Sultan Indermasyah (1674 – 1730)[?]
Pemangku Raja Alam XXVII (Tuanku Sultan Raja Bagewang II) (1695 – 1719)
Raja Alam XXVIII (Tuanku Sultan Arif Badaeunsyah) ( 1719 – 1739)
Raja Alam XXIX (Tuanku Raja Alam Muningsyah I) (1739 – 1780)

Palembang:
Sultan Ratu Abdurrahman Khalifatul Mukminin Sayidul Imam (1662 – 10 Dec. 1706), according to
Dagregisters he ruled as Susuhunan Ratu from 19 Sep. 1701 onward.13 Also, though Sultan Ratu
died in 1706, his rulership was maintained until 1710.14
Sultan Muhammad Mansyur Jayo Ing Lago (segon sultà) (1706 – 1714)
Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I (1724 – 1757)
Sultan Ahmad Najamuddin I (1757 – 1776)
• Pangeran Sinepati
• Pangeran Mancanegara
• Ki Demang Suradinata
• Kyai Ngabehi Nitayuda
• Kyai Mas Pangatitajiwa
• Pangeran Dipati
• Pangeran Dipati Anum
• Pangeran Dipakusuma
• Pangeran Kusumajaja
• Pangeran Arya
• Pangeran Macanapura
• Pangeran Adipati Mankubumi
• Syahbandar Gerard van de Voorde
• Pangeran Purbaya
• Pangeran Ratu Sinapati
• De gesanten van Palembang: [envoys from Palembang]
• Syahbandar of Palembang
• Pangeran Adewijaja
• Ki Demang Suradinata,
• Damad Ibrahim[?]

Padang:

Maharaja Indra

13
Dagregisters, 19 September 1701.
14 B.W. Andaya, To live as brothers: Southeast Sumatra in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1993):
126-127.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Panglima Raja Alam[?]

Panglima Maharaja Laut[?]
12 Penghulu’s of Padang
Raja Parampuan, widow of Panglima Raja Alam[?]
Dato Bendahara
Raja Dangholla[?]
Raja Ingse[?]
Dato Maharaja
Sultan Mangus
Orang Kaya Siri Amar[?]
Panglima Raja Darat
Panglima Sultan Bajang
Panglima Sultana Mas
Maharaja Besar
Panglima Mahara Laut
Datuk Maharaja

Pariaman:

Kyai Mas Pancar[?]

the regents of Pariaman

Pauh:

14 Penghulu's
Raja Putri[?]
The nine Penghulu's of Pao

Silebar (Selebar):

Dipati Payung Negara (a. 1650 – 1695)

Dipati Bangsa Radin (c. 1668)
Pangeran Nata Diraja I (Pangeran Ingalaga) (1695 – 1710)
Pangeran Intan Ali (1710 – 1720)
Pangeran Nata Diraja II (1720 – 1762)
Pangeran Nata Diraja III (1762 – 1765)
Pangeran Nata Diraja IV (1765 – 1831)

Sillida:

Panglima Nara[?] and his penghulu's

Panglima Serinegara
Panglima Serinara[?]

Semangka:

Sultan Ratu Mahmud Semak Shahdul Arafin[?]

Susan:

The regents of Susan

Solok:

Mahmud Badaruddin
King of Solok
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Telaga:

Pangeran Dipati Sacanata

Tiku:

The regents of Tiku

Tobo:
The regents of Tobo

Tarusan:

Radja Hitam of Trusan

Ulakan:

The regents of Ulakan

The Raja of Ulakan
The Penghulu’s of Ulakan

Kalimantan/Borneo:

Banjermassin:

The rijksbestierder of Borneo

Sultan Amrullah Bagus Kasuma bin Sultan Saidullah (1679 – 1700)
Sultan Tahmidullah I/Sultan Surya Alam bin Sultan Tahlilullah/Sultan Amrullah (1700 – 1717)
• Arung Bujung
• Manatuli
• The Chinese Captaint of Banjer
Panembahan Kasuma Dilaga bin Sultan Amrullah (1717 – 1730)
Sultan Hamidullah/Sultan Ilhamidullah/Sultan Kuning bin Sultan Tahmidullah I (1730 – 1734)
Sultan Tamjidullah I bin Sultan Tahlilullah (1734 – 1759)
• Panembahan Kusuma Alam
• Pangeran Kusuma

Tanjung Pura (Matan/Sukadana):

Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin/Pangeran Muda (1659 – 1725)

• Depati Tumenggung Panatayuda
Pangeran Agung (1710 – 1711)
Pangeran Agung Martadipura (1725 – 1730), son of Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin
• Ngabehi Nilipraja
Pangeran Mangkurat/Sultan Aliuddin Dinlaga (1728 – 1749), son of Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin
Pangeran Ratu Agung (1735 – 1740), son of Sultan Muhammad Zainuddin
• Tumenggung Diraja
Sultan Muazzidin Girilaya (1749 – 1762), son of Pangeran Ratu Agung
Panembahan Siri Dilaga

West- and East Nusa Tenggara:

 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Dompu:

Abdul Rasul I Bumisorowo (1686 – 1701)

Usman Sultan Manuru Goa (1701 – 1702)
Ahmad Syah II (1702 – 1717)
Abdul Kadir Daeng Manambung (1717 – 1727)
Samsuddin Sultan Mawaa Sampela Abdul Yusuf (1727 – 1737)
Kamaluddin (1737)
Abdul Kahar Daeng Mamu (1737 – 1746)

Larantuka (Flores)15:

Dom Constantino (1625 – 1661)

Dom Luís, mentioned in 1675
Dom Domingos Vieira, mentioned in 1702
Olla (1732 – 1759)

Rote16:
An unknown regent[?]

Regencies/villages/princedoms (nusak) on Rote17:

o Baä

o Batuisi (alias Oepau)

o Bokai

o Bilba

o Dengka

o Korbaffo:

Pikkatih (ca. 1691 - ?)

Ola Fuliha (? – ?)
Christian Leuanan (? – ?)
Kolanian Bibikate (? – 1852)

o Landu:

Geolima Bulecama (1737 – 1758)

Bane Dai Lafa (1758 – 18..)

o Lole

o Oenale

15
H. Hägerdal, Lords of the land, lords of the sea; Conflict and adaptation in early colonial Timor, 1600-1800 (Leiden: KITLV Press 2012).
16 J.J. Fox, ‘A Rotinese dynastic genealogy: structure and events’ in: T. O. Beidelman (ed.), The Translation of Culture: Essays to E.E. Evans-
Pritchard (London: Tavistock Publications 1971, reprinted 2013): 37-77; J.J. Fox, ‘The discourse and practice of precedence’ in: Michael P.
Vischer (ed.) Precedence: Social Differentiation in the Austronesian World ( Canberra: ANU Press 2009): 91-110; J.J. Fox ,‘Traditional Justice
and the ‘Court System’ of the Island of Roti’ in: The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 8:1 (2007): 59-73.
17
Ibidem/P. Truhart, Regents of nations: systematic chronology of states and their political representatives in past and present. Part 3: Asia &
Pacific Oceania (München: K.G. Saur, 2nd revised and enlarged ed. 2003).
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

o Ringgou

o Termanu/Termane:

Kiu Lusi (? – 1654[?])

Seni Tola
Kila Seni (1662 – 1673[?])
Pelo Kila (1681 – 1691[?]), ‘regent’
• Pelo Sira
• Sadok18
Sadu Kiu, ‘mede-regent’
Sinlae Kila (VOC: ‘Sinlay Kiera’ 1700 – ?)

o Thie:

Messakh Mbura (1679 – 1697)

May Messakh (1697 – 1703)
Nale Messakh (1703 – 1717)
• Regent: Messakh Moy (c. 1717)
Mbura Messakh (1718 – 1728)
Benjamin Foe Mbura (1728 – 1748)
Messakh Pah (c. 1752)
Foukay Pah (p. 1747 – 1777)
David Mbura foukay (1777-1790)
Paulus Pah Mbesialu (c. 1790 – 1811)

o Sangaji’s of Wasing, Lamalata, Adinara and Turang[?]

Solor (Lohayong)19:

Nyai Cili (1646 – 1664), widow

Nyai Cili Muda (1664 – 1686), granddaughter of Nyai Cili
Poro I (1686 – 1687)
Sangaji Cili (1687 – 1700), nephew of Poro I[?]
• Kapitan Poro [?]
Poro II (1700 – 1703)

Villages on Solor/Adonara20:

o Adonara:

Sangaji of Adonara
Kapita Paro/Poro
Damang Rouamang

o Lamahala:

Sangaji Bolo of Lamahala

o Lamakera:

18
Daghregisters, 20 Augustus 1690.
19
Hägerdal, Lords of the land, lords of the sea.
20
Ibidem.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Sangaji Dasi of Lamakera (or: sangaji Dasi) (1665 – 1701[?])

Sangaji Karaeng of Lamakera[?]
Jacob Dasi, son of Sangaji Dasi

o Lohayong:

Sangaji Cili of Lohayong

o Terong:

Sangaji Damet[?]

Sumbawa:

Sultan Hasanurrasyid I (Dewa Mas Bantan Datu Loka) (1672/1675 – 1701)

Dewa Mas Madina (1701 – 1725)
Dewa Mas Muhammad Jalaluddin I (1725 – 1731)
Dewa Mas Mapasusung Muhammad Kahharuddin I (1731 – 1759)

Bima (Sumbawa):

Sultan Nuruddin Abu Bakar Ali Shah bin Sultan Abdul Khair Sirajuddin (1682 – 1687)
• Karaeng Tojing
• Dzianely Rasnay
• Dzjaenely Sapy
• Bumy Pantica, rijksbestierder
Sultan Jamaluddin Inayat Shah bin Sultan Nuruddin Abu Bakar Ali Shah (1687 – 1695)
• The wife of Sultan Jamaluddin
Sultan Hasanuddin Muhammed Ali Shah bin Sultan Jamaluddin (1695 – 1731)
• Raden Tanumaju, queen of BIma[?]
Sultan Alauddin Muhammed Shah Zillullahi fi al Alam bin Sultan Hasanuddin (1731 – 1748)

Tambora:

Raja Jamaluddin (1675[?] – 1687)

Nizam ad-Din Abd al-Basir (Sultan Abdul Basir/Abdul Raja/Abdul Lasi) (1687 – 13 August 1697),
exiled to Cape of Good Hope in 1697 and 171621
• Son of Raja Sultan Abdul Basi
Damala Daeng Mamongon (Djamaluddin) (1697 – 1716)
Adb al-Aziz (1717 – 1726)
Adipati Suryanata
Abd al-Rahman (1726 – 1748)

Timor: (several regencies; see VOC Daghregisters)22:

the allies on Timor (occasionally)

The king and Babatos of Timor

Regencies on Timor:

o Amabi:

21
Ward, Networks of empire.
22
Hägerdal, Lords of the land, lords of the sea.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Ama Kefi I (Meu?) (1666 – 1704)

• Ama Kobo, a regent’s son from Amabi23
Ama Kefi II (1704 – 1725), son of Ama Kefi I[?]
Loti (1725 – 1732), son of ama Kefi II
Nai Balas, regent-ruler 1732 – 1755), brother of Loti

o Amanuban:

Seo Bil Tarnespat (ca. 1680)

Taha Mamat (ca. 1700)
Pinis Bil (ca. 1720)
Tu Bani (ca. 1740)
Don Miguel Fernado de Consenção (1747 – 1751)
Don Luis I (1751 – 1770)
Don Jacobus Albertus (Kobis) (1770 – 1806)

o Amarasi:

Don Augustino Fernandes (1703 – ?)

?
Esu (1749 – 1752)

o Amfoan (Oesapa):

Nai Toas (1683 – ca. 1698)

Am Foan (? – 1708), son of Nai Toas[?]
Dom Manuel (1708 – 1718), son of Am Foan
Daniel I (1718 – 48), uncle of Dom Manuel

o Kupang:

Mauritius Ama Pot (1659 – 1660)

• Ama Susang, regent-ruler (1660[?] – 1698)
• Ama Besi, co-ruler (1660 – 1678)
Pono Koi (1673 – 1691), son of Ama Pono II
Ama Susang (1691[?] – 1698)[?]
Ama Tomananu (1698 – 1731), son of Ama Susang
• The regents of Kupang
Buni (1732 – 1749), grandson of Ama Besi

o Sonbai24 (Sonbai Kecil):

Bi Sonbai (1682 – 1717),

Bernardus Leu (1717 – 1726), son of Nai Neno Sonbai
Corneo Leu (1728 – 1748), brother of Bernardus Leu

o Sonbai (Sonbai Besar):

Nai Tuklua Sonbai or Ama Tuan I (1650 – 1680)

Ama Tomananu, executive regent of Sonbai Besar

23
Lords of the land, lords of the sea: 296.
24 Ibidem.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Nai Manas Sonbai (? – ?), son of Ama Tomanu[?]

Ama Baki, regent (1699 – 1708)
Nony Sonbait, regent (1682 – 1717)
Nai Neno Sonbai or Dom Pedro Tomenu (1704 – 1726), son of Nony Sonbait

o Sorebang:

Regents

o Taebenu (Fettor):

Tanof I (Lasi Lelo Taebenu) (1688 – ca. 1700/1701)

Tanof II (Tanof Lasi) (ca. 1701 – ca. 1729), nephew of Tanof I[?]
Eki Tanof (ca. 1729 – 1756)
Tus Tanof (1737 – 1768), son of Tanof II

o Raknamo:

Raja Toncanak
Regents

Unknown Locations/Rulers:

Yuda Mangala of “Watouw Dsjaja”

Chinese merchants: “de Chineese cooplieden Lilauja en Tsuykuiki”

Rulers of European Settlements in Asia:

Lifau (PortugueseTimor):

João Antunes Portugal, Captain-Major (1680)

António Hornay, acting Captain-Major 1673 – 1693) (in Larantuka?)
Francisco Hornay, acting Captain-Major (1694 – 1696)
António de Mesquita Pimente, Captain-Major (1696 – 1697)
André Coelho Vieira, Captain-Major [?]
Jácome de Morais Sarmento, (1708 – 1709)
Manuel de Souto-Maior, (1709 – 1714)
Pedro do Rego Barreto da Gama e Castro, (1731 – 1734)

Larantuka (Portuguese Solor):

Viceroy-appointed 'Governor and Captain-General of the islands of Solor and Timor', Antonio de
Mesquita Pimentel25

Goa:

Viceroy Francisco José de Sampaio e Castro

Madras:

William Gyfford (1681 – 1684)

Edward Harrison (1711 – 1717)

25 J. J. Fox ‘Tracing the path, recounting the past: historical perspectives on Timor’ in: J.J. Fox and D. Babo Soares (eds.), Out of the Ashes:
Destruction and Reconstruction o East Timor (Adelaide: Crawford House, 2000): 1-23: 10.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Joseph Collett (1717 – 1720)

The Syahbandar of Madras

Manilla:

Governor-General Fausto Cruzat y Gongora (25 Jul. 1690 – 8 Dec. 1701)

Governor-General Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri (8 Dec. 1701 – 25 Aug., 1709)
Governor-General Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda (4 Feb. 1715 – 9 Aug. 1717)
Governor-General Fernándo Valdés y Tamon (14 Aug. 1729 – Jul. 1739)
Major Manuel de St. Stephan
Governor-General Gaspar de la Torre (Jul. 1739 – 21 Sep. 1745)
a certain "Bois de Lorie" from France
The Chinese capitain Que Bauqua [Qi Bo Qua[?]
Julian Ignacio de Velacio, mentioned in 1720

Benkulu:

Governor Joseph Collett (1712 – 1716)

Governor Richard Farmer (1717 – 1718)
Governor Isaac Pyke (1719 – 1723)
Governor Francis Everest (1731 – 1736)
Governor Robert Lennox (1736 – 1746)
o a Chinese in Benkulu
o Pangeran Mankuraja

Macao:

Governor Diogo Pereira (25 Aug. 1738 – 25 Aug. 1743)

Malacca:

The ItalianHidalgos Fiumo

Emmanuel S. Antonio, OP, Bishop of Malacca (1701 – 1738)

Others:

a Dominican from Portugal: G.Th. Luzictain

Glossarium: titles and their meanings

The VOC-clerks were not consistend in the use of spelling of names and titles. Therefore, we recommend to pay special
attention to the second column. Any valuable contributions or comments are welcome, since at this moment this list is
incomplete.

Title VOC spelling Locations Meaning

Adipati Adipatty Java, Malay kingdoms ‘Lord’; high noblemen (more

or less the equivalent to ‘duke’
in Europe)

Ama Moluccas Father

 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Anum Anum, Hanum, Anoem Java, Bali ‘Young’, ‘son’; title used for
crown princes

Arya Aria, Ario Java, Malay Kingdoms Originally ‘Aryan’, then ‘

Man of high caste’; used on

Java for highrandking
officials26

Bendahara Bandahara Johor Chief minister and

commander-in-chief

Bu Yuan (Zongdu) (governor- Pouy China Governor, Governor-General

general)

Daeng (Areng padaengang) Dajeng, Daeng Molucca’s/Sulawesi Highest aristocratic title in

Makassar; personal title of
children of prince

Dato Paduka Dato Paducca Malay kingdoms, Johor “Your Highness”

Dato Dato Johor, Malay kingdoms, etc. ‘Grandfather’, ‘grandsire’; 1)

heritable title for great
territorial chiefs or magnates,
2) title conferred for life
together with the first or
second class of an order of
chivalry

Datuk Datuc, Dato, Datuk Java, Malay Kingdoms ‘Lord’, ‘chief’

Demang Deman, Demang Malay kingdoms, Java, Official in Java and Sumatra,
Sumatra used for heads of
kademangan (group of
villages) or local
representatives ain apanage
of noble residing at courts27

Dewa Dewa Java, Bali ‘Devine’; predicate used by

rulers on Bali

Dipati (abbreviated form of Depatty, Depati, etc. Java, Malay kingdoms Administrative officer; see
‘Adipati’) also: ‘Adipati’

26
B. Schrieke, Indonesian sociological studies: selected writings of B. Schrieke (The Hague/Bandung: W. van Hoeve Ltd. 1957) Vol II: Ruler and
realm in early Java: 457.
27
Ibidem: 458.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Gammalamo Gamolamo, Gamme Moluccas ’Great Place’ or ‘big town’; a

Lamme, Gammalamme, term which is assigned to
Gammolamme various sites scattered around
the island that once served as
the residence of the sultans

Gogugu/ Gugugu Goegoe, Goegoegoe, Moluccas ‘Powerholder’; deputy

Gogoegoe, Gougougou governor.28

Gusti Gusti, Goesti, Goestie Bali, Java ‘Leader’; title for high nobles
(kings) on Bali

Hukum Hoekum, Hoecko Moluccas Onderhoofd, title uised for the

2nd in command at courts in
the Moluccas or army officers

Hoppo (Hubu) Houpouw, Hupouw China ‘Yuehaiguanbu’; Chinese

official charged to collect
taxes on trade goods

Kaicili (Kyai Cili) Caitsjilie, Kaitsili, Katsijli, Moluccas Prince. Title usually reserved
Katsijli, Keitsjili, Kitsyly for the Sultan’s male
offspring29

Karaeng (Areng Carain, Carien, Crain, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Timor Chief, ruler30
pakkaraengang) Caraing

Kapitan Laut Capitain, Captain, Java, bali, Timor, Sulawesi, Sea-officer, head of the fleet,
Capiteyn Laout, Capitein Moluccas admiral
Lauwt, Radja Laout

Kartayuda (Karta Yuda) Carta Joeda, Carta Java, Malay kingdoms Army Officer (from: yuda
Jouda,Cartayouda, Carta [Sanskrit]: war, battle)
Joeda, Carta Juda, Karta
Jouda

Kimelaha Kimelaha North Moluccas ‘Foremost person’ or ‘good

person’; Sultan’s
representative, chiefly title in
North Maluku31

Ki (abbreviated form of Keey, Kiey Java, Malay kingdoms Abbreviated form of ‘Kyai’:
‘Kyai’; see below) see below.

28
Muridan S. Widjojo, The revolt of prince Nuku: Cross cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c. 1780-1810 (Leiden/Boston: Brill 2009): 222.
29
R.P. Abdurachman, ‘Niachile Pokaraga’ A Sad Story of a Moluccan Queen’ in: Modern Asian Studies 22/3 (1988): 571-592: 574
30 Cummings, A Chain of kings: vii.
31 Abdurachman, ‘Niachile Pokaraga’: 575, 6n; Ch.F. van Fraassen, P.J. Klapwijk, Herinnering aan een reis naar Oost-Indiė: reisverslag en

aquarellen van Maurits Ver Huell, 1815-1819 (Zutphen: Walburg Pers/Linschoten-Vereeniging 2008): 261, 662.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Ki Arya Keey Aria, Kiey Aria, etc. Java, Malay kingdoms Combination of ‘Ki’ and ‘Arya’,
usually used for administrative
officers.

Ki Demang Kiay Deman, Kiey Demang Java, Malay kingdoms Combination of ‘Ki’ (or ‘Kyai’)
and ‘Demang’ (see above)

Ki Mas Keey Maas Java, Malay kingdoms Combination of ‘Ki’ (or ‘Kyai’)
and ‘Mas’ (see below); title for
a low ranking officer

Kyai Kiay, Kiaij Java, Malay kingdoms ‘Senior’, ‘venerable’; article

prefixed to names or titles of
officials or persons of rank,
used to emphasize titles 32

Kyai Chili (see: Kaicili) Caitsjilie, Kaitsili, Katsijli, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Timor See: Kaicili
Katsijli, Keitsjili, Kitsyly

Laksamana Laxamana Johor Admiral/Military Chief

Maharaja Maharadja, Maharaja Java, Sumatra, India, etc. ‘Great Raja’, ‘emperor’; Hindu-
title for great kings or
emperors (see: ‘Raja’)

Mantri Mantrie, Mantry, Montrie, Java, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, Official, minister of state,
Montry, etc. Sumatra, etc. sometimes used for assistant
of Adipati

Mas Maas, Maes, Mas Java, Sumatra, Borneo, etc. ‘Golden’; prefix used to
emphasize title

Ngabehi Angabij, Angabehi, Java, Sumatra Malay ‘Commander’; title for

Angebey, Angeby, kingdoms, etc. officials, usually for military
Ingabey, Ingebay officials sometimes for
administrative officer

Ombol Ombol Java Agent of a prince33

Orang Kaya Orangcaya, Orangkaya, Malay Kingdoms, Molucca’s, ‘ Rich men’; aristocrats
Orang Kaya Borneo, etc.

32
Schrieke, Indonesian sociological studies: 459.
33
O. Atsushi, Changes of regime and social dynamics in West-Java society, state and the outer world of Banten: 1750 - 1830 (Leiden/Boston:
Brill 2006): 95.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Paduka Paducca Johor, Malay kingdoms ‘Shoe’, more or less

synonymous with ‘feet of’,
part of high titles, meaning
something like ‘excellency’, or
‘majesty’34

Panembahan Panembahan, Java ‘Object of veneration’, title of

Panembahaan, etc. certain Javanese rulers35

Pangeran Pangeran Java, Malay kingdoms ‘Object of attention’, title of

Javanese princes 36
Pangiran

Pangeran Mas Pangeran Mas, Pangeran Java ‘First Pangeran’; see

Maas, etc. ‘Pangeran’

Panglima Panglima Java, Malay kingdoms General

Penghulu Panghoeloe, Panghoulou, Sumatra, Java, etc. ‘Chief’, title of a spriritual

Panglou, Ponghoeloe leader in a Muslim community
Ponghou, Pouglou, in Indonesia
Ponghoulou, Ponglou,
Ponlou, Pounglou, etc.

Raden Radin, Raden Java, Malay kingdoms, etc. ‘Squire’; title used for high
officers, sometimes suiqres,
below ‘Pangeran’

Raja Raja, Radja Hindu kingdoms, Java, Malay Hindu-title for kings
kingdoms, etc.

Rangga Rangga, Ranga, etc. Java Title used for Jvanese officials

Ratu Ratoe, Ratu, etc. Java, Sumatra, etc. ‘Ruler’; king.

Rijksbestierder Rijxbestierder, Dutch colonial term Prime minister, lit. ‘controller

Rijksbestierder of the empire’

Sangaji Sanghadja, Sanghadje, Timor, Molucca’s ‘Your Highness’; title used for
Sanghadjie, Senghadje, district head or local rulers on
Senghadjie, Senhadje and near Timor and in the
Molucca’s

Shah Syah, Sjah, etc. Persia, Middle East, Mughal King (Persian)
Empire

34
Schrieke, Indonesian sociological studies: 460
35 Ibidem.
36
Ibidem.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Syahbandar (Shahbandar) Sabandaar, Sabandhaar, South- and Southeast Asia harbor master (Persian: shah-
Sabandhaer, Sabandhar, bandar)
Sjahbandhaar,
(Sabandharije)

Sultan Sultan, Sulthan Middle-East, South- and Sultan, king

Southeast Asia

Sunan (abbreviation of Soenan, Sunan, Soehnang, Java; Mataram, Surakarta Abbreviation of ‘Susuhunan’,
‘Susuhunan’, see below) etc. see below

Susuhunan Soeoehoenang, Java; Mataram, Surakarta ‘Royal foot’ (lit), hence ‘His
Soeoehoenangh, Majesty’; emperor, title for
Sousouhounang, the rulers of Mataram from
Sousouhounangh, 1624 onwards and for the
Zousouhounang, rulers of Surakarta from 1755
Zouzouhounang onwards (after the partition of
Mataram)37

Tumenggung Timmogon, Tomanggong, Java, Malay kingdoms Noble title used for high
Tommagaon, Tommagon, Javanese officials, usually
Tommogon awarded to officers of public
security

Wazir Wazir Java, Persia, Mughal Empire First minister, treasurer,

Grand-Vizier.

Zamorin Sammorijn Calicut Hereditary royal title used by

the rulers of the Kingdom of
Calicut

37
Ibidem: 461.
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Selected bibliography and resources:

Online resources:

http://www.royalark.net/index.html derived on 19 February 2014

http://melayuonline.com/eng/history/dig/2/malay-kingdoms derived on 19 February 2014

http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Indonesia_princely_states1.html derived on 19 February 2014

http://www.hubert-herald.nl/INHOUD.htm derived on 19 February 2014

Printed sources:

Abdurachman, R.P., ‘Niachile Pokaraga’ A Sad Story of a Moluccan Queen’ in: Modern Asian Studies 22/3 (1988): 571-592.

Andaya, L.Y., The world of Maluku: Eastern Indonesia in the early modern period (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1993).

Atsushi, O., Changes of regime and social dynamics in West-Java society, state and the outer world of Banten: 1750 - 1830
(Leiden/Boston: Brill 2006).

Carey, P. The power of prophecy: prince Dipanagara and the end of an old order in Java, 1785-1855. (Leiden: KITLV Press, 2nd
ed. 2008).

Cruysse, D. van den, Siam & the West, 1500-1700 (English translation by M. Smithies, Bangkok: Silkworm Books 2002).

Cummings, W. P.,

(Edited) A Chain of Kings: The Makassarese Chronicles of Gowa and Talloq (Bliotheca Indonesica 33) (KITLV Press:
Leiden 2007).

The Makassar annals (Bibliotheca Indonesica) (KITLV Press: Leiden 2010).

Cushman, R.D. and D.K. Wyatt (ed.), The royal chronicles of Ayutthaya (Bangkok: The Siam Society 2000).

Drakard, J., A Malay Frontier: Unity and Duality in a Sumatran Kingdom (Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University
Press 1990).

J.J. Fox,

J. J. Fox ‘Tracing the path, recounting the past: historical perspectives on Timor’ in: J.J. Fox and D. Babo Soares (eds.),
Out of the Ashes: Destruction and Reconstruction o East Timor (Adelaide: Crawford House, 2000): 1-23;
‘Traditional Justice and the ‘Court System’ of the Island of Roti’ in: The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 8:1
(2007): 59-73;
‘The discourse and practice of precedence’ in: Michael P. Vischer (ed.) Precedence: Social Differentiation in the
Austronesian World (Canberra: ANU Press 2009): 91-110;
‘A Rotinese dynastic genealogy: structure and events’ in: T. O. Beidelman (ed.), The Translation of Culture: Essays to
E.E. Evans-Pritchard (London: Tavistock Publications 1971, reprinted 2013): 37-77.

Fraassen, van, Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische archipel : van soa-organisatie en vierdeling: een studie van traditionele
samenleving en cultuur in Indonesië (Leiden, KITLV Press 1987).

Fraassen, Ch.F. van and P.J. Klapwijk, Herinnering aan een reis naar Oost-Indiė: reisverslag en aquarellen van Maurits Ver Huell,
1815-1819 (Zutphen: Walburg Pers/Linschoten-Vereeniging 2008)

Guillot, C., Banten: sejarah dan peradaban abad X-XVII (Jakarta: KPG 2008).
 Diplomatic Letters 1683-1744

Hägerdal, H., Lords of the land, lords of the sea; Conflict and adaptation in early colonial Timor, 1600-1800 (Leiden: KITLV Press
2012).

Hoang, Anh Tuan, Silk for silver: Dutch-Vietnamese relations, 1637-1700 (Leiden/Boston: Brill 2007).

Lohanda, M. and H. E. Niemeijer, Marginalia to the Daily Journals of Batavia Castle (1659-1799). A digitized contemporary
chronological entry to archives of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). (Jakarta: Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia/The Corts
Foundation 2013).

Ricklefs, M.C.,

A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1981, 2nd ed. 1993).
The Seen and unseen worlds in Java, 1726-1249: history, literature and islam in the court pf Pakubuwana II (Honolulu:
ASAA, in association with Allen & Unwin and University of Hawaii Press 1998).

Ruangsilp, B. Dutch East India Company merchants at the court of Ayutthaya: Dutch percetions of the Thai kingdom, c. 1604-
1765 (Leiden/Boston: Brill 2007)

Schrieke, B., Indonesian sociological studies: selected writings of B. Schrieke (The Hague/Bandung: W. van Hoeve Ltd. 1957) Vol
II: Ruler and realm in early Java.

Thalens, J. ‘Het sultanaat Banten en de VOC’ in: E. Locher-Scholten and P. Rietbergen (eds.), Hof en handel, Aziatische vorsten
en de VOC 1620-1720 (Leiden: KITLV Press 2004).

Truhart, P., Regents of nations: systematic chronology of states and their political representatives in past and present. Part 3:
Asia & Pacific Oceania (München: K.G. Saur, 2nd revised and enlarged ed. 2003).

Um, N., The merchant houses of Mocha: trade and architecture in an Indian Ocean port (Washinton: University of Washington
Press 2009).

Ward, K., Networks of empire. Forced migration in the Dutch East India Company (New York: Cambridge University Press 2009).

Watson Andaya B., ‘Cash cropping and upstream-downstream tensions: the case of Jambi in the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries’ in: A. Reid (ed.), Southeast Asia in the early moder era: trade, power, and belief (Ithaca and London: Cornell
University Press 1993): 91-122.

Weng Eang Cheong, The Hong merchants of Canton. Chinese merchants in Sino-Western trade (Richmond, Curzon Press/Nordic
Institute of Asian Studies 1997)

Widjojo, Muridan S., The revolt of prince Nuku: Cross cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c. 1780-1810 (Leiden/Boston: Brill
2009).