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Handoutn Study of Noise and Noise Control Short Notes
Handoutn Study of Noise and Noise Control Short Notes
Handoutn Study of Noise and Noise Control Short Notes
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
SGSITS, INDORE
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Modal Analysis
• Modal analysis is the study of the dynamic properties
of structures under vibrational excitation.
• Why is it important?
• Areas of
Applications
• Aircraft ,
automotive
industry
• Consumer
products
• Civil Structures
• Sports
equipment
SGSITS, Indore; Dr M Chouksey, 4
ME46051; Vibration & Noise Control
Modal Analysis
• Modal analysis is used to estimate natural
characteristics of the system.
r r ir
• Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors r 2 r 2
r r
are extracted from measured data.
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Orthogonalization
• Eignevalues and Eigenvectors
• Eigenvectors have property of orthogonality,
which helps in diagonalization of system matrices
Equations of motion in physical space
q t } [K ]{q t } 0
[M]{
Mass matrix (Diagonal)
[ ]T [ M ][ ] [ mr ]
[ ]T [ K ][ ] [kr ]
Stiffness matrix (Diagonal)
{ }r
Mass Normalization {}r ; where mr { }Tr [ M }{ }r
mr
[ ]T [ M ][ ] [ I ]
or , [] [ ][ mr1/2 ]
[ ]T [ K ][ ] [ r2 ]
SGSITS, Indore; Dr M Chouksey, 11
ME46051; Vibration & Noise Control
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Courtesy
of Peter
Avitabile
(1998)
Experimental
Theoretical
Modal Analysis
Modal Analysis
(Modal Testing)
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MDOF Model
Magnitude
1+2
d 1+ d 2
2 1
Frequency
m
d1
Phase
Frequency
dF
0°
1 2
-90°
1+2
-180°
SGSITS, Indore; Dr M Chouksey, 14
ME46051; Vibration & Noise Control
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80
40
-80
Output
[m /s ²] Autos pectrum (Res pons e) - Input
Input
Working : Input : Input : FFT Analyzer
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FFT
10m 2k
10
1m 1k
-1k
[N] Autospectrum(Excitation) - Input
Working : Input : Input : FFT Analyzer -2k
1
0 200 400 600 800 1k 1,2k 1,4k 1,6k 0 40m 80m 120m 160m 200m 240m
[Hz] [s]
100m
10m
1m
100u
0 200 400 600 800 1k 1,2k 1,4k 1,6k
[Hz]
200
Time(Excitation) - Input
Working : Input : Input : FFT Analyzer
FFT
100
-100
-200
0 40m 80m 120m 160m 200m 240m
[s]
Frequency
F(f)
Response
H(f)
Function
X(f)
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Mobility Impedance
(velocity / force) (force / velocity)
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Signal Processing
• Extracting the information
from a signal is termed as ACQUISITION
signal processing (Shin &
Hammond, 2008).
• This becomes necessary PROCESSING
when it is difficult to get
the information directly
from observation. INTERPRETATION
• Subdivided into (i)
Acquisition, (ii)
Processing and (iii) POST
PROCESSING
Interpretation.
ACQUISITION SENSORS
Excitation Instruments
Shaker
• Mechanical
• Electromagnetic/Electrodynamic
• Hydraulic type
Impact Hammer
Response Sensors
Accelerometers,
Eddy Current Probes,
Laser Sensors
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ME46051; Vibration & Noise Control
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Impact hammer
Impact excitation
• An ideal impact to a structure is a perfect
impulse, which has an infinitely small
duration.
• In reality a hammer strike cannot last for
an infinitely small duration, but has a
known contact time.
• Impact hammer testing is ideal for small
light weight structures; however as the size
of the structure increases issues can occur
due to a poor signal to noise ratio.
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ME46051; Vibration & Noise Control
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Multiple impact
Accelerometer
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Accelerometer contd …
• Frequency range is inversely proportional to
sensitivity.
• Miniature accelerometer are very small, weight
upto 1 gm. Less sensitivity , high freq range.
Specifications of Accelerometers
• Sensitivity
• Frequency Range
• Dynamic Range (between smallest
acceleration detectable to largest)
• Weight
• Transverse sensitivity
• Type of accelerometer
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