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04 SPS SAINS TG2-Nota Grafik B4
04 SPS SAINS TG2-Nota Grafik B4
Penyakit
Diseases
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Examples of vectors that carry or transfer pathogens into the human body.
Tikus
Rat
Lalat
Fly
Nyamuk
Mosquito
Kolera
Cholera
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Bagaimanakah kolera The bacteria that cause
disebarkan? cholera
How is cholera spread? (Vibrio cholerae)
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A person drinks or eats
food that is
contaminated with the
cholera bacteria.
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During an epidemic,
patients’ faeces are
sources of
contamination.
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The bacteria reproduce rapidly. Stomach
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The toxin of the bacteria
penetrates the cells on the wall of Usus
the intestine. Usus kecil
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The toxin prevents the intestine
from absorbing water from the
digested food and causing
diarrhoea and dehydration.
NotaGRAFIK
Nyamuk Aedes
Aedes mosquito
Nyamuk Anopheles
Anopheles mosquito Protozoa malaria
Malaria protozoa
Virus Zika
Virus denggi Zika virus
Dengue virus
Hipertensi/Hypertension
Boleh disebabkan oleh tekanan hidup, tekanan mental dan
berkemungkinan besar faktor genetik.
Can be caused by life pressure, mental pressure and possibly genetic
factors.
Diabetes/Diabetes
Diabetes berlaku akibat kekurangan atau hilangnya keberkesanan hormon
Penyukatan diabetes dan komplikasi pada insulin yang dihasilkan oleh pankreas untuk mengawal aras gula dalam
kaki pesakit diabetes darah.
Measurement of diabetes and complications Diabetes occurs because of a lack or loss of the effectiveness of the
from patients’s foot of diabetes insulin hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar levels.
NotaGRAFIK
1 Vaksin/Vaccine
V
Mengandungi patogen mati atau dilemahkan (antigen)
Contains dead or weakened pathogen (antigen)
2 Pemvaksinan/Vaccination
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The process of injection of a vaccine
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An action of immunisation
3 Keimunan/Immunity
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The pathogen enters the bloodstream
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The body cells are stimulated to produce antibodies or antitoxins to fight the antigen in the vaccine
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Immunity is attained
1
Memasuki badan dan menyerang
sistem keimunan
Patogen X Enters the body and attacks the
Pathogen X immune system
3 Antiserum diekstrak
daripada darah kuda dan
disuntik ke dalam badan
2 Disuntik ke dalam badan kuda
Is injected into the horse’s body
pesakit
An antiserum is extracted
from the horse’s blood
and injected into the
patient’s body