CREATIVE WRITING TECHNICAL WRITING 2.

Hypernyms and Hyponyms

SUBJECT MATTER general specific - Hypernyms are broad and general
AUDIENCE genre Experts, scientists - Hyponyms are specific and subtype
TONE variety factual
- adds realism
STYLE informal formal
PURPOSE To entertain To inform - Concrete
(Hyponyms and hypernyms describe the type-of relationships between words; the words salmon and
CREATIVE WRITING: goldfish, for example, are hyponyms of the word fish, which in turn is a hyponym of the term animal. Animal
1. invented is a hypernym of fish, which is a hypernym of salmon and goldfish, and so on.)
2. product of imagination
3. originality 3. Diction (dictionary) TYPES:
4. fiction - choices of words 1. formal
5. humanism (arouse emotion) - tone/mood
6. figurative 2. informal
- setting (place and time) 3. pedantic- scientific/more formal
7. Prosaic (poetry, prose, diction)
- brings character to life (dialogue) 4. colloquial- people/place
TECHNICAL WRITING: 5. slang- local/group of people (limited)
1. straightforward/concise 4. Idioms 6. abstract
2. limited 7. concrete (specific)
3. paragraph - fixed 8. poetic
4. non-fiction
5. logic and reasoning - familiarized

LANGUAGE USED: 5. Imagery

1. Connotation
- an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning. visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.
- creates imagery
TYPES:
- deeper meaning
- develops characterization Visual
- brought emotions through language
Types: positive-neutral-negative Visual imagery is description that stimulates the eyes. Specifically, your mind’s eye: when you can visualize the
colors, shapes, forms, and aesthetics of something that’s described to you, the writer is employing visual imagery.
Auditory 6. Meter and rhythm
Auditory imagery is description that stimulates the ears. When you can hear the sounds of nature, LEGEND: ‘ (stress)
machinery, or someone’s voice, it’s because of the description employed in the author’s auditory imagery.
(unstressed)
Olfactory
Prosody (study of rhythm and versification/ how we divide our speeches & words)
Olfactory imagery is description that stimulates the nose. By describing the peculiarities of a scent—its
richness, pungence, weight, distinctness, or physical effect—the author transports the reader through the
use of olfactory imagery. Meter/metre
Gustatory - Number of accent/stress (‘Prosody)
Gustatory imagery is description that stimulates the tongue. If you’ve ever done a wine or coffee tasting, - Number of syllables (Pro/so/dy)
you know exactly how complex a flavor can be. Gustatory imagery captures a flavor’s richness, acidity, - Measured arrangement of accent(stress) or syllables
earthiness, sweetness, bitterness, harshness, etc.

Tactile PATTERNS KINDS OF METER:

Tactile imagery is description that stimulates your sense of touch. Sensations like itching, stickiness, and the 1. Accentual patterns one foot = monometer.
warmth of sunlight all count as tactile imagery, which appeals to the way your skin might feel in that
moment. - same number of accents two feet = dimeter.
Kinesthetic 2. syllabic patterns three feet = trimeter.
Kinesthetic imagery, also called kinesthesia, refers to descriptions of motion. The sensations one feels when - same number of syllables four feet = tetrameter.
on the move, like running against the wind or swimming through brisk waters, are examples of kinesthetic 3. accentual-syllabic pattern
imagery. five feet = pentameter.
- same number of syllables and accents six feet = hexameter.
Organic
4. free verse seven feet = heptameter.
Organic imagery refers to descriptions of internal sensation. When the writer uses concrete description to
show an internal landscape of feelings, pains, emotions, and desires, they’re using organic imagery. eight feet = octameter
 Trochee (2 syllables) ‘ Rhyme scheme- same sound at the end
Iambic (2 syllables) ‘
1. blank verse- no rhyme at all
Dactyl (3 syllables) ‘
Anapest (3 syllables) ‘ 2. couplet- two liners (has the same sound/ aa)
Spondee (2 syllables) ‘ ‘
3. tercet- three lines (has the same sound/ aaa)
Pyrrhic (2 syllables)
4. Terz rima- Iambic tercet

Shall I compare thee to a summers’ day? (Iambic pentameter) Terza rima is a verse form composed of iambic tercets (three-line groupings). The rhyme scheme for this form of
poetry is "aba bcb cdc, etc." The second line of each tercet sets the rhyme for the following tercet, and thus supplying
the verse with a common thread, a way to link the stanzas.
RHYTHM 5. Quatrain- four lines (aaaa) or balanced (abcd)

- Synonymous to speed 6. Sonnet

The sonnet is a popular classical form that has compelled poets for centuries. Traditionally, the sonnet is a fourteen-
line poem written in iambic pentameter, employing one of several rhyme schemes, and adhering to a tightly
(Determiner or factors) structured thematic organization.
1. PAUSES- END PAUSE AND CEASURA (pause within the poem) Petrarchan Sonnet

2. Elision- deletion
- leaving out a sound to fit a meter
- made the pace faster
3. Vowel length and consonant clusters
4. Modulation- readers’ voice and tone
The first and most common sonnet is the Petrarchan, or Italian. Named after one of its greatest practitioners, the
Italian poet Petrarch, the Petrarchan sonnet is divided into two stanzas, the octave (the first eight lines) followed by
the answering sestet (the final six lines). The tightly woven rhyme scheme, abba, abba, cdecde, or cdcdcd, is suited
for the rhyme-rich Italian language, though there are many fine examples in English.
Shakespearean Sonnet
The second major type of sonnet, the Shakespearean, or English sonnet, follows a different set of rules. Here, three
quatrains and a couplet follow this rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg. The couplet plays a pivotal role, usually
arriving in the form of a conclusion, amplification, or even refutation of the previous three stanzas, often creating an
epiphanic quality to the end.
Spenserian sonnet

The Spenserian sonnet is a 14-line poem developed by Edmund Spenser in his Amoretti, that varies the English form by interlocking the three quatrains (ABAB
BCBC CDCD EE). -The stretched sonnet is extended to 16 or more lines, such as those in George Meredith's sequence Modern Love.

Miltonic sonnets

Named after the English poet John Milton, Miltonic sonnets use the same rhyme scheme (ABBAABBA CDECDE) and structure (an octave and a sestet) of
a Petrarchan sonnet. Miltonic sonnets deal with different themes than the other types of sonnets, though.