Experiment No.

3
PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLE λ/2 LINES
Course: Experiment No.:
Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:

Instructor:

1. Objective(s):

This activity aims to introduce the concept of some of the basic characteristics of an multiple λ/2 line
such as – resonance and impedance transformation. This also aim to let the students understand
characterize the mechanism for which half-wavelength long transmission line operates. Resonance
will also be covered in this activity as well impedance-transformation.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
2.1 Determine the characteristics of a resonant line with a length of an integral number of
half – wavelength.
2.2 Describe the effect of attenuation on a resonance.
2.3 Characterize the 1:1 impedance-transforming property of a lossless half- wavelength line.
3. Discussion:

When a line is terminated by any impedance value other than the characteristic impedance, a the
signal on the line is reflected. In a real line, energy is associated with the reflected signal. Suppose that
both ends of the line are terminated so that they absorb no energy and that energy losses in the line are
small: any signal on the line must then be totally reflected back and forth between the two ends. Since
there is a finite time required to travel between the two ends, we could expect that a cycle of reflection
between the two ends will have a particular frequency. This phenomenon in this is called „resonance ‟.

4. Equipment:

1 - TLD511 (Transmission line demonstrator)

1-Feedback VPG608 (Function Generator)
1 - 10k Terminator

College of Engineering and Architecture – Electronics Engineering 1

Department
 1 - 1k8 Terminator
1 - 50R Terminator
1 - 600R Terminator
1 - 200R Terminator
1 - 110μ Terminator
2 - Links
1 - 2 or 4 Channel Oscilloscope

5. Procedure:

Part A: Line Open-circuit both ends

1. Connect the apparatus as in figure 1

Figure 1

2. Set the frequency to 1Hz and its output to 8V peak-to-peak.

3. Set the TLD511 controls as follows:

i. hold/run set to 'run'
ii. line length set to 'L'
iii. distributed attenuation set to 'min'

4. Turn on the generator and TLD511 and observe the behavior of the signal propagating
on the line. Under these conditions you may just see a small signal amplitude near the
„B‟ end of the line, since the 10k input resistance is clearly cutting down the generator
signal considerably.

5. Raise the frequency in step of about 0.2Hz at a time until it approach 2Hz and observe
the display at each step. Take particular care, with rather smaller steps as you approach
2Hz: Along this frequency you will need to wait several seconds after each adjustment
before its full effect can be seen. By applying fine adjustment of the frequency you
should be able to observe the oscillating signal display oscillating. Sketch the outline of
the wave pattern below.

College of Engineering and Architecture – Electronics Engineering 2

Department
 Table 1

6. Disconnect the 10k resistor and observe the oscillation dies away only gradually.

7. Return the 10k resistor. Note that the oscillation takes a little while to build up again.

8. Raise the frequency further. Find the resonant frequencies. Sketch the shape of the wave in
each case that you get the resonant frequencies.

Frequency:

Frequency:

Frequency:

College of Engineering and Architecture – Electronics Engineering 3

Department
 Table 2
Part II: Line with Short-circuit ends
1. Use the 50R resistor and a link, connected as in figure 2

Figure 2

2. Again, adjust the generator to find the resonant frequencies, and sketch the waveform in
Table

Frequency:

Table 3

College of Engineering and Architecture – Electronics Engineering 4

Department
 Part III: Attenuation and Damping

1. Connect the apparatus as in figure 3

Figure 3

2. Adjust the generator to a frequency of 2Hz, and amplitude just filling the height of the display
column.

3. Turn the distributed attenuation control to „max' and note the signal at the end „B ‟ end of
the line. Make an estimate of the reduction factor by varying the attenuation control.

4. Set the distributed attenuation control back to „min ‟ and the line length to „L ‟.

5. Reconnect the apparatus as in Figure 1

6. Observation:

7. Interpretation:

8. Conclusion:

9. Questions and Problems:

College of Engineering and Architecture – Electronics Engineering 5

Department
10. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):

College of Engineering and Architecture – Electronics Engineering 6

Department