i

EFFECTIVENESS OF ROTC PROGRAM AND LEADERSHIP OF THE STUDENTS

IN THE UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO

Submitted by:

CAMALING, NOERY JANE

TUDTUD, CASSANDRA MAE

VILLANUEVA, CHARLIE

LIM, ALDRIN

GE 2 – Purposive Communication

(155)

December 16, 2022

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Effectiveness of ROTC program in the behavioral formation of

The student at university of mindanao i

Table of Contents ii

INTRODUCTION iii - v

METHOD vi - viii

REFERENCES ix - x
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INTRODUCTION

The Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) is a commissioning source for

individuals who seek a commission as an officer in the United States Military’s

reserve forces. The branches of the military represented in ROTC programs are the

Army, Air Force, and Navy. ROTC produces approximately 60 percent of the Second

Lieutenants who join the active Army, Army Reserve and Army National Guard. In

addition, One way to develop leadership skills is to look for opportunities in college

communities such as student government, college athletics, and the general college

population. However, one often-overlooked opportunity for developing leaders is

through the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC). Through ROTC, students can

gain experience in leading others and developing strategic planning ( Buntin, 2015 ).

Moreover, cadets start with the basics of Army customs and courtesies, as

well as standards for personal appearance. As they progress through their military

careers, cadets learn to lead a battalion and operate as staff members. This helps

them become familiar with Army command structure and how to lead and manage

others ( MOCARSKY, 2021, Feb 21 ). The US Army defines leadership as the

process of influencing others to accomplish a specific goal and improve an

organization. The Army uses the Leadership Requirements Model (LRM) to evaluate

leadership skills and determine appropriate training and career development paths.

The LRM identifies four leadership attributes: character, presence, intellectual

capacity, and core leader competencies ( Headquaters, Department of the army,

2015 ).
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Furthermore, The National Service Training Program (NSTP) was established

under the 2001 National Service Training Act (NSTA) to provide training and

education to Filipino citizens to prepare them for careers in the military or protecting

the country against external or internal threats. The CHED conceptualized NSTP

during the administration of then-President Arroyo in response to public outcry over

abuses and hazing in ROTC programs, which had resulted in deaths of some

students ( Pacatang & montallana 2022, Caday, 2013 ). The National Service

Training Program (NSTP) obligates both male and female college students of any

baccalaureate degree course or technical vocational course in public or private

educational institutions to undergo one of three program components. These

components are: service learning, civic engagement, or national service ( Lugto,

2014).

Next ,The President and Education Secretary Sarah Duterte both said that the

government should bring back ROTC at the Grades 11 and 12 level. Some people

are against this idea because they say it will be a lot of money for parents to pay,

and that there have been problems in the past with ROTC cadets. Others worry that

if ROTC is brought back, it will bring back the bad things that have happened in the

past. In addition the supporters of the return of ROTC argue that the program has

many benefits. First, it can help to create discipline in students. Second, it can teach

patriotism and the values of duty, respect, and allegiance. These values have been

missing from ROTC since the Philippines abolished it in the face of public outcry

over the abuses that took place with the ROTC program in the past. Leadership skills

can be learned, acquired, and improved in other settings, but the military offers a

great opportunity to learn how to be a good leader under pressure. This is because
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the military training environment is very demanding and provides a good opportunity

to practice making decisions quickly and under pressure ( Dr. Jun Ynares, 2022 ,

Aug.10).

Lastly, The University of Mindanao in Matina Campus, Davao city in it’s

desires to respond in the call of national development embraced the implementation

of Republic act 9163 known as National Service Training Program (NSTP) have 625

male and 456 female students who aimed to embracing civic conciousness and

defense preparedness in the youth by developing the Ethics. The National Service

Training Program is designed to help young people use their skills and strengths to

help build our country. CWTS graduates are similar to people who join the military

through the ROTC program ( Sec.2, Revised IRR of the NSTP, 2002).

Research Questions:

This study aimed to elicit ROTC program and Leadership of the students and

answer the following questions.

1. What is the level of ROTC program?

2. What is the level of Leadership of the students?

3. Is there a significant relationship between ROTC program and leadership of the

students in University of Mindanao?

There is a significant relationship between ROTC Program in the Leadership of the

students in University of Mindanao

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METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the components of research methodology are discussed. The

design of any research project requires considerable attention to research methods.

Research design is described in the first section.This chapter also depicted the role

of the researcher, data collection methodology, research participants, data analysis,

and ethical considerations.

Research Design

This study will be conducted using the quantitative research design.

Descriptive part of a study will involve the 1 st Year Criminology Students perception

in the implementation of Mandatory ROTC in University of Mindanao at Matina

Campus, Davao City. Descriptive Correlation design is used in research studies to

help researchers understand how different things are related to each other

(McBurney & White, 2009). The study design would allow the researcher to track

changes in participants' behavior or attitudes over time in order to see if these

changes have any impact on the outcomes or trends that might develop in the future

( Monsen & Horn, 2007 ).

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Research Participants

The respondents of the study are the 1 st Year Criminology Students in

University of Mindanao at School year 2022-2023. In this study, sixty (60)

respondent’s who participated in Mandatory ROTC program which show their

leadership skills.

Sampling Design

In this study, the researcher have use stratified random sampling to find out

respondents of the study. Stratified random sampling is a sampling strategy in which

every item in the population has an equal probability of being chosen for the sample.

The researchers will be dividing the population between age 17-18 ,19-20 and 20-21

years old.

TABLE 1

Distribution of Respondents

Room Frequency Percentage

TEC207 15 15%

TEC208 15 15%

TEC209 15 15%

TEC210 15 15%

TOTAL 60 100%
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Statistical Treatment of Data

To measure the significant relationship of ROTC program and Leadership of

the Students , the researchers use the following statistical tools.

 Mean - This is the average set of data. This is used to determine the level of

ROTC program and Leadership of the students.

 Pearson-r. This is a statistical tool to determine if there is a correlation between

variables.

Ethical Consideration

The NSTP-ROTC program was created with the primary goal of promoting

humility and obedience among criminology student-cadets. Aside from this, it also

focuses on developing the physical, mental, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-

being of all students involved. In addition, it emphasizes activities that promote

literacy, leadership, education, and health to the community.

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REFERENCES

1. Buntin,Charles B.,,II. (2015). Leadership through ROTC: A comparison of ROTC

leader development with NCAA intercollegiate athletics and the traditional college

experience (Order No. 1597415). Available from ProQuest Central. (1718550308).

https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/leadership-through-rotc-comparison-

leader/docview/1718550308/se-2

2. MOCARSKY, S. (2021, Feb 21). Army ROTC program at King's College in

experienced hands. Citizens' Voice https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/army-

rotc-program-at-kings-college-experienced/docview/2491703292/se-2

3. Teasley, R., PhD., Walker, W., PhD., Gabriel, T. J., P., & Rifenburg, M., PhD.

(2021). Leadership Effectiveness in Military Settings: The Moderating Effects of

Cynicism. Organization Development Journal, 39(4), 47-62.

https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/leadership-effectiveness-military-

settings/docview/2592359510/se-2

4. Pacatang, D. H. Q., & Montallana, O. (2022). EFFECTIVENESS OF NATIONAL

SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM IN THE BEHAVIORAL FORMATION OF

STUDENTS. http://www.erint.savap.org.pk/PDF/Vol.11.1/ERInt.2022-11.1-03.pdf

5. Dr. Jun Ynares ( 2022, August 8 ). https://mb.com.ph/2022/08/10/rotc-as-

leadership-training/
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6. IvyPanda. (2022, June 19). Descriptive Correlational Design in Research.

https://ivypanda.com/essays/descriptive-statistics-and-correlational-design/
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Aldrin B Lim
Talomo Proper, Prk. 16 Davao City

0915780996
Aldrinsoweird@gmail.com

PERSONAL STATEMENT:
To secure a challenging position in a reputable company where I can
utilize my skills and business studies background to the fullest to develop my
learning, knowledge, and skills. To find a responsible career opportunity where I can
fully utilize my training and skills while contributing to the success of the company.

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 18 years old
Date of birth : October 11, 2004
Birth place : Davao City
Gender : Male
Nationality : Filipino

PERSONAL SKILLS
 I am committed into what job i am working with
 I can operate computer stuff

EDUCATION

Senior High School : Humanities and Social Sciences

Philippines Women's College University
Avenue, Juna Subdivision,
Matina Davao City
(2019-2022)

Junior High School : Talomo National High School

Brgy. Talomo Proper Dvo. City
(2016-2019)

Elementary : Talomo Central Elem. School

Brgy. Talomo Proper Davao CIty (2009-2016)
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Cassandra Mae F. Tudtud

Talomo Proper, sandawa phase 1, Davao City

09936494876
Cassandramaetudtud@gmail.com

PERSONAL STATEMENT:
To be successful in a reputable company, I need a challenging position
that will let me use my skills and business education. I am looking for a position that
will allow me to grow and learn. I am excellent at communicating and listening, and I
am very good at working in a team. I have recently volunteered at a local charity
shop, and I am looking to continue my career in this field full-time.

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 19 years old
Date of birth : December 02, 2003
Birth place : Apokon, Tagum city
Gender : Female
Nationality : Filipino

PERSONAL SKILLS
 I am a hard working person
 I am a good listener
 I am honesty

EDUCATION

 College :University of Mindanao

(Present) Matina, Davao City

 Senior High School : Compostela National High School

Lapu-lapu st. Compostela, Davao de oro (2021-2022)

 Junior High School : Compostela National High School

Lapu-lapu st. Compostela, Davao de oro (2018-2021)

 Elementary : Compostela Christian School

Purok 3 crossing gabi, compostela, Davao de oro (2010-2012)
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Charlie Ace P. Villanueva

Purok 3-A Anthurium St. Brgy. Riverside, Calinan Dist. Davao City

0905-127-8163
charlieace16@gmail.com

PERSONAL STATEMENT:

Although I haven't entirely decided, my long-term goals include working

with young offenders, becoming a police officer, or even entering the legal field. I've
come to the conclusion that, whichever career path I do ultimately choose, having a
degree in criminology will help me by, first, allowing me to keep my options open
and, second, by bolstering my application for whatever job role that I do wind up
applying for.

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age : 17 years old

Date of birth : June 1, 2005
Birth place : 60 Buli, Muntinlupa City
Gender : Male
Nationality : Filipino

PERSONAL SKILLS

 Creative
 Multi-tasking

EDUCATION

 College : University of Mindanao

(Present) Matina, Davao City

 Junior - Senior High School : Los-Amigos National High School

(2018 – 2022) Los-Amigos, Tugbok, Davao City

 Elementary : Riverside Elementary School

(2011 – 2016) Riverside, Calinan, Davao City
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Noery Jane Camaling

Bagumbayan Matanao Davao del Sur DOB

09514563188
camaling.535679@umindanao.edu.ph

PERSONAL STATEMENT:

I graduated at Molopolo National High School, Molopolo Kiblawan Davao

del Sur in 2018-2019. I am taking at Bachelor in Science in Criminology at University
of Mindanao at Matina Campus, Davao City. I am working student to pay my tuition
and to sustain may personal needs

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age : 21 years old

Date of birth : November 26, 2001
Birth place : Bagumbayan Matanao Davao del Sur
Gender : Female
Nationality : Filipino

PERSONAL SKILLS

 Communication skills
 Solving skills

EDUCATION

 College : University of Mindanao

(Present) Matina, Davao City

 2011-2012- Marciano Apiag Elementary School

 2018-2019- Molopolo National High School