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课文
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations,
and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket,
they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
我总是惊愕不已。当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球
场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，

Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that
international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如 1936 年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导
致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。

Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.

现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。

You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.
参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。

On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is
possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as
soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage
combative instincts are aroused.
在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯的
为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为
你输而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会激发起来。

Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.
即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有种体会。

At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare.

在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。

But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and,
behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests,
and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are
tests of national virtue.
但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面
对着这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期内
如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。
 词汇讲解

goodwill

• goodwill [7gʊd'wɪl] n. [U]善意，友好，友好关系

※ exude goodwill 流露出友好
※ promote goodwill 增进友好关系
※ create and strengthen goodwill 建立并加强友好关系

※ goodwill games 友好运动会

※ goodwill visit 友好访问
※ goodwill tour 友好访问（周游）
※ President Obama is on a Middle East goodwill tour.

【扩展】
official visit 正式访问
official goodwill visit 正式友好访问
informal visit 非正式访问
private visit 私人访问
state visit 国事访问
※ President is on a three-day official goodwill visit to Vietnam.

inclination

• inclination [7ɪnklɪ'neɪʃn] n. 意愿
have an inclination to do sth. 有意做某事
※ I haven't the slightest inclination to become a journalist.

【同根词】
incline v.（使）倾向于，有 … 的趋势；（使）倾斜
be inclined to do sth. 倾向于做某事
※ Be careful not to annoy the boss, because he is inclined to lose his temper.

【近似词组】表达“倾向于”：
※ because he tends to lose his temper.
※ because he has the tendency to lose his temper.

※ because he is apt / prone to lose his temper.

contest

• contest ['kɒntest] n. 比赛
contest 泛指普通比赛、或强调由裁判打分的比赛
※ a speech / beauty / dance contest

【近义词】表达“比赛”：
race 竞速比赛
※ a car / boat/ horse / swimming race
※ It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.

match【英】 / game【美】 对垒比赛

※ a boxing / basketball / football / volleyball match / game
※ Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.

open 公开赛
※ the US Open

tournament n. 锦标赛，联赛；比赛
championship n. 锦标赛；冠军称号；冠军的地位

games n. 比赛（game 的复数形式）

※ the Olympic Games
※ the Goodwill Games

deduce

• deduce [dɪ'dju:s] v. 推断
deduce A from B 由 B 推断出 A
※ deduce effect from cause

【同根词】
deduction n. 演绎；推论；推理

【近义词】【近似词组】表达“推论”：
conclude A from B 由 B 推断出 A
conclusion 1. 结论；推论;2. 结束；结果；结尾；结局

infer A from B 由 B 推断出 A

※ What can we infer from the passage?

inference 1. 推断的结果；结论；2. 推断；推理；推论

patriotism

• patriotism ['pætriətɪzəm] ['peɪtriətɪzəm] n. 爱国主义

【词根】
“patr” = “pater”: father

patriot n. 爱国者
patriotic adj. 爱国的
※ patriotic songs / education

patriotism n. 爱国主义；爱国心，爱国精神
compatriot n. 同胞；同国人 adj. 同胞的；同国的
patriarchy n. 父权制；家长统治；父系社会
patricide n. 杀父；杀父者；杀父罪

paternal adj. 父亲的；得自父亲的；父亲般的
※ paternal affection

paternity n. 父权；父系；父系后裔
※ He is on paternity leave.

【词根】【扩展】
“matr” = “mater”: mother

matriarchy n. 母权制；女家长制；女族长制；母系氏族
matricide n. 弑母
maternal adj. 母亲的；母性的；母系的；母体遗传的
※ maternal affection
maternity n. 母性，母道；adj. 产科的；产妇的，孕妇的
※ She is on maternity leave.

disgrace

• disgrace [dɪs'greɪs] v. 使出丑，使丢脸

※ The dishonest minister was publicly disgraced.

【近义词组】表达“使出丑，使丢脸”：
shame …
humiliate …
bring shame on …
bring disgrace on …

※ His behavior disgraced his family.

※ His behavior shamed his family.
※ His behavior humiliated his family.
※ His behavior brought shame on his family.
※ His behavior brought disgrace on his family.

【辨析】
show sb. up 让同行的人觉得丢人
※ Mary’s boyfriend showed her up by falling asleep at the concert.

mimic

• mimic warfare ['mɪmɪk 'wɔ:feə(r)] n. 模拟战争

warfare n.[U]战争的类型
※ chemical warfare
※ nuclear warfare
※ germ warfare
※ guerrilla warfare

mimic adj.模仿的
※ mimic warfare
※ mimic coloring

【同根词】
mime n. 哑剧 vi. 摸拟表演
 课文讲解
（第一段）
1. I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the
nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at
football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

语法分析:
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the
nations（that… 宾语从句 1）, and that if only the common peoples of the world could（虚拟语
气） meet one another at football or cricket（if... 条件状语从句）, they would have（虚拟语
气） no inclination to meet on the battlefield（that… 宾语从句 2）. （when... 时间状语从句）

知识点（1）Lesson03-03、Lesson03-19
amaze sb. 使某人惊讶 （多强调令人迷惑不解的惊讶）
※ When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the
goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.

【近义词组】表达“使某人惊讶”：
surprise sb. （没场合限制）
astonish sb. （语气重；难以置信）
※ He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woolen
goods.

astound / dumbfound sb. （强调把人惊呆了）

※ The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.

知识点（2）Lesson03-34
语法：并列宾语从句，第一个 that 可省略，第二个不能省略
※ Galileo’s observations show (that) Copernicus, another great astronomer, was right
and that the earth moves around the sun, not the other way around.
※ He agreed that a train did come into the station at the time on the paper and that it did stop,
but only to take on mail, not passengers.

※ I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the
nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football
or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

知识点（3）
If only 既可以引导简单句、也可以引导条件状语从句；表达对于难以实现愿望的一直惋惜，
“希望是这样的，可惜没有”；一般用虚拟语气
※ If only I were as clever as you are!
※ If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.

【辨析】
only if … 只有… 才…；用真实语气

※ She will go only if Peter goes.

※ Only if Peter goes will she go. （部分倒装）

2. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance)
that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from
general principles.

语法分析:
Even if one didn't（可以用虚拟语气） know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic
Games, for instance) （from… 介词短语做状语，前置） that international sporting contests
lead to orgies of hatred（that… 宾语从句）（Even if… 引导让步状语从句）, one could
deduce it from general principles.

知识点（1）Lesson03-10
短语用法：even if 和 even though 区别
Even if 此处翻译为“即使”，假设；而 Even though 表示已经发生的结果
※ Even if you dislike ancient monuments（古迹）, Warwick Castle is worth a visit.
※ Even though you dislike ancient monuments, Warwick Castle is worth a visit.
 
※ The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away.
※ Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still
summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold.
※ The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such
feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.
※ Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.
※ She was sentimentally attached to this house, for even though it was far too big for her needs,
she persisted in living there long after her husband's death.
※ I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants,
kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours.

知识点（2）
solid / concrete adj.具体的
※ solid / concrete examples / conditions

【反义词】
abstract adj.抽象的
※ Beauty itself is abstract.

知识点（3）【扩展】课文背景：1936 年奥运会
The 11th Olympic Games in Berlin, when Adolf Hitler was in authority.
It was a historical mistake. The Nazi government saw the Olympics as a golden opportunity to
promote their fascist ideology, that was to purify and strengthen the Germanic Aryan population.
Hitler wanted to take advantage of this opportunity to advertise the blond hair, blue-eyed Aryan
racial superiority.
Ironically, American black athlete Jesse Owens was the star of the 1936 Olympic Games, who won
4 gold medals.
This made Hitler disgraced and increased his hatred towards other nations.

翻译：
第 11 届柏林奥运会，当时阿道夫·希特勒上台。这是一个历史错误。 纳粹政府将奥运会视
为宣传其法西斯意识形态的黄金机会，即净化和加强日耳曼雅利安人种。希特勒想利用这
个机会宣传金发蓝眼的雅利安人的种族优越性。具有讽刺意味的是，美国黑人运动员杰西
欧文斯是 1936 年奥运会的明星，他获得了 4 枚金牌。这让希特勒蒙羞，并增加了他对其
他国家的仇恨。

知识点（4）
orgies of … / an orgy of … 疯狂的……；过度的……
※ orgies of hatred 疯狂的仇恨
※ an orgy of killing 疯狂的杀戮
※ an orgy of spending before Christmas 疯狂的购物

【近义词组】表达“过分的行为”：
binge / spree
※ He went on a drinking binge over the weekend.
※ The girls went on a shopping spree on Saturday.

（第二段）
3. Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.

知识点（1）
practise / practice v. 经常做，从事
practice n. 习俗，惯例
※ On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat—the
normally accepted practice in many northern countries.

4. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.

知识点（1）
do / try one’s utmost to do 竭尽全力做某事
= do / try one’s best to do
※ Though the doctor did his best, the patient's recovery was slow.

【近义词组】表达“竭尽全力做某事”：
go to great lengths to do Lesson03-28

※ The man went to great lengths to prove that the diamonds were real.

endeavor / endeavour to do
※ We endeavour to avoid the old, romantic idea of a gusher, which wastes oil and gas.

spare no effort to do 不遗余力的 Lesson04-02

※ I will spare no effort to learn English.

give one’s all to do

go all out to do

※ 托福听力真题：
A. They should wait for John to bring the dessert.
B. He thinks John must have spent a lot of money for the dinner.
C. The dessert also looks impressive.
D. He helped John make the sandwiches.
※ W: Look at the delicious sandwiches. John’s really gone all out this time.
※ M: Just wait until you see the dessert.
※ Q: What does the man imply?
※ Answer: (C) The dessert also looks impressive.

※ 对话: Just wait until…

※ Part 1 of the movie was amazing.
※ Just wait until you see Part 2.
Part 2 is even better

5. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is
involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question
 of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if
you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.

语法分析:
On the village green（地点状语）, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is
involved（where... 非限定性定语从句）, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise:
but（并列、转折） as soon as the question of prestige arises（时间状语从句 1）, as soon as
you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose（if... 条件状语从句）
（that… 宾语从句）（时间状语从句 2）, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.

知识点（1）
pick up sides 一群人随意组成两个球队进行比赛

知识点（2）
local patriotism 地方主义

知识点（3）
question of prestige 声望问题

question of pride 面子问题 【复习】Lesson03-46

※ It is a question of pride as much as anything else.

question of time 时间问题

※ She is so talented and diligent that her success is only a question of time.

【扩展】Lesson03-46、Lesson04-06、Lesson04-19、Lesson04-33
matter of … …的事
※ Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. （钱的事）
※ It’s only a matter of time. 时间的事
※ It’s a matter of personal taste. 个人品味问题
※ It’s a matter of preference. 爱好问题
※ It’s a matter of interest. 兴趣问题
※ It’s a matter of life and death. 生死攸关的事
※ I can’t take the money. It’s a matter of principle. 原则问题

知识点（4）
arise v.（不希望的事）问题、矛盾、纠纷…出现
时态：arise、arose、arisen

arise from … 由…而出现

※ The conflict arose from tensions between different ethnic groups.

知识点（5）
unit n. group; organization 组织

知识点（6）
arouse 激起…
※ arouse interest / hostility / resentment

6. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.

知识点（1）Lesson03-59
语法：定语从句的先行词不能是人称代词，应该用指示代词
※ Those who never have to move house become indiscriminate collectors of what can only be
described as clutter.

7. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare.

知识点（1）
sport [U] 泛指体育运动

知识点（2）
frankly 坦白地说

知识点（3）
warfare [U] 战争的种类
※ germ / jungle / nuclear / chemical / guerrilla / psychological warfare

8. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the
spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies
over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that
running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

语法分析:
But the significant thing is not（不是…） the behaviour of the players but（而是…） the
attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, (? the attitude 省略) of the nations who
work themselves into furies over（因为） these absurd contests, and（和前面的 work 并列）
seriously believe—at any rate for short periods（插入语）—that running, jumping and kicking a
ball are tests of national virtue（that… 宾语从句）. （who... 定语从句）

知识点（1）Lesson03-39、Lesson03-57、Lesson04-05、Lesson04-06
not … but … 不是……而是……
※ But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators…

not that …, but that … 不是因为… 而是因为…（平行结构、要求对仗）

※ Not that I love Caesar less, but that I love Rome more. —— Shakespeare ‘Julius Caesar’
※ Not that I love you less, but that I love liberty more.
※ Not that I love my teacher less, but that I love truth more.

It is not that … but (that) … 不是因为……，而是因为……

※ It was not that I actually remembered anything at all. But my father had described over and
over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was
positive I should recognize it as familiar territory.
 
※ 考研英语，英译汉：
※ It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of
their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of
course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.
※ 翻译：这不是因为在第一种磅秤与另一种天平的构造原理或工作方式不同； 而是因为
后者是一种更精密的多的仪器，当然在测量上比前者更准确。

知识点（2）
spectator n.[C] 观众；（普通可数名词）（多指看体育比赛的）

【辨析】
audience n.[C] 观众；（集体性名词）
viewer n. 专指电视观众
onlooker / looker-on n.看热闹的人

知识点（3）【复习】Lesson04-05
It is … that / who …, not … 是前者，而不是后者
※ It is older people who create it, not the young themselves.

※ 课文写法替换：利用 Lesson04-05 的句型表达相似含义

※ But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators…
※ It is the attitude of the spectators that is significant, not the behavior of the players.
※ It is the attitude of the spectators that is significant / that is of significance, not the behavior
of the players.
※ It is the attitude of the spectators that is significant / that is of significance / that matters /
that counts（重要）, not the behavior of the players.

※ It is the thought that counts（重要）. 心意最重要

知识点（4）
work sb. into … 使某人产生某种情绪
※ He worked himself into a rage.
※ He worked his audience into enthusiasm.
at any rate 含义 1：无论如何
= in any case / event
= come what may
※ ~~~~, we must go on Tuesday.

at any rate 含义 2：至少

= at least
※ They felt, or at any rate / at least Dan felt, both relieved and frightened.

知识点（5）
virtue 1.品德、道德；2.好的素质

（课文总结）
课文内涵总结：
把体育上升到种族主义：For example, Hitler saw the Olympics as a test of the Aryan racial
superiority.
作者的观点：But the author argue that sport is only for sport; it has nothing to do with prestige or
national virtue and it won’t create goodwill between the
nations.