ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE

1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

MODULE 01:
GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Name: _____________________________________ Section/Strand: ________________________

Greetings!
Hello! I’m Ms. Irish, your General Mathematics Instructor.
Please read and study this modules after reading you are
going to answer the different set of activity. Write you
answer on a short or long bond paper and show your
solution. You may also print this modules. Keep your
answer sheet as I will collect it when you come back to
school. For further instruction, questions, and
clarifications, you can contact me through my messenger:
Aics Irish or g-mail: aicsirishbacalso@gmail.com

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

I. Introduction:

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the key
concepts of functions specifically on representing functions in real life situations. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recall the concepts of relations and functions;
2. represent real-life situations using functions; and
3. represent real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise function.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

 Represents real-life situations using functions.
 Evaluates a function.
 Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions.
 Solves problems involving functions.

II. Lesson Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
a. represent real-life situation using functions;
b. evaluate a function; and
c. solve problems involving functions.

Pre-Assessment:
Let’s check how much you know about functions and their graphs.

Directions: Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Write function if

the relation is function and if not write not function.

___________________ 1. {(𝟏, 𝟐), (𝟐, 𝟓)(𝟑, 𝟏𝟎), (𝟒, 𝟏𝟕)}

___________________ 2. 𝒊𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕

𝟏 2
𝟒 3
𝟔 5

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

___________________ 3.

___________________ 𝟒. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒 = 𝟎

III. Abstraction

Lesson 1:
Representing Real-Life Situations Using
Functions

Recall the definition of relation and function

A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a relation is the set of first coordinates. The
range is the set of second coordinates.

Example:
The list and the set of ordered pairs below show the same relation. Each letter is paired with a number.
Letter Number
I 4
L 5
O 6
V 8
E 3
M 6
A 2
T 8
H 4
The domain is (I, L, O, V, E, M, A, T, H} and the range is (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8). Note that for each letter there
corresponds exactly one number. This is a special kind of relation called function.
A function is a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to exactly one
element of the range.

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Example:

The members of the domain can be called inputs and the members of the range can be called outputs.
Arrows can be used to describe correspondence in the function.

Domain Range
I
L 2
O 3
V 4
E 5
M 6
A 8
T
H
This relation is a function, since each element in the domain {I, L, O, V, E, M, A, T, H} is assigned to
one element in the range. Even though the range element 4 is assigned to two elements of the domain, I
and H, it is still a function since each element of the domain is assigned to only one element of the
range.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A FUNCTION AND RELATION?

Relations Vs. Functions

Graphing of Function
If a given mathematical relation is presented in a graphical form, one can easily determine
whether it is a graph of a function by using the Vertical Line Test.

The Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once.

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

If a vertical line 𝑥 = 𝑎 intersects a graph twice, say at (𝑎, 𝑏) and at (𝑎, 𝑐) then the graph cannot
represent a function because two different y-values correspond to 𝑥 = 𝑎.

EXAMPLE : Which of the following graphs can be graphs of function?

Solution. Graphs (𝑎), (𝑏) are graphs of functions while (𝑐) is not because they do not pass the vertical
line test.

Functions as representations of real-life situations

Let’s try the following real-life situation:

EXAMPLE 1: If distance (D) is a function of time (t), give a function D that can represent the distance a
car travels in t time, if every hour the car travels 60 kilometers.

Solution: Since every hour, the car travels 60 kilometers, therefore the distance function is given by

𝑫(𝒕) = 𝟔𝟎𝒕
EXAMPE 2: Give a function B that can represent the amount of battery charge of a cellular phone in h
hour, if 12% of battery was loss every hour.

Solution: Since every hour losses 12% of the battery, then the amount of battery function is

𝑩(𝒉) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝒉

EXAMPE 3: Squares of side x are cut from each corner of a 10 in x 8 in rectangle, so that its sides can be
folded to make a box with no top. Define a function in terms of x that can represent the volume of the
box.

Solution: The length and width of the box are 10 - 2x and 8 - 2x, respectively. Its height is x. Thus, the
volume of the box can be represented by the function.

𝑽(𝒙) = (𝟏𝟎 − 𝟐𝒙)(𝟖 − 𝟐𝒙)(𝒙)

= 𝟖𝟎𝒙 − 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑

𝑽(𝒙) = 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝟎𝒙

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

EXAMPLE 5:
𝑪 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟖 10

𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 (𝑷𝒉𝒑) 𝟐𝟒 𝟒𝟖 𝟕𝟐 𝟗𝟔 120

Try to notice the trend of each variable.

Solution. You pay 𝑃ℎ𝑝 24 for 2 𝐶𝐷𝑠, 𝑃ℎ𝑝 48 for 4 𝐶𝐷𝑠, and 𝑃ℎ𝑝 120 for 10 𝐶𝐷𝑠. That means that each
CD costs 𝑃ℎ𝑝 12.

We can write the function rule. 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝑃ℎ𝑝 12 × 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐷𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑐 (𝑥) = 12𝑥

Example 6: Write a function rule for the table.

𝒙 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟐 −𝟑 -1 𝟏 𝟑

𝒚 𝟐 𝟎 𝟐 𝟑 1 𝟏 𝟑

Solution:

The values of the dependent variable are always the corresponding positive outcomes of the
input values. This relationship has a special name, the absolute value.

The function rule looks like this: 𝑓 (𝑥) = |𝑥|.

Piecewise Functions
There are functions that requires more than one formula in order to obtain the
given output. There are instances when we need to describe situations in which a
rule or relationship changes as the input value crosses certain boundaries. In this
case, we need to apply the piecewise function.

A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to define the output. Each
formula has its own domain, and the domain of the function is the union of all these smaller domains.
We notate this idea like this:
formula 1 if x is in domain 1
𝑓(𝑥) = { formula 2 if x is in domain 2
formula 3 if x is in domain 3
Look at these examples!

EXAMPLE 1: A user is charged ₱250.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan,

which includes 200 free text messages. Messages in excess of 200 are charged
₱1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function
𝑡 (𝑚), where m is the number of messages sent in a month.

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

EXAMPLE 2: A certain chocolate bar costs ₱50.00 per piece. However, if you buy more than 5 pieces
they will mark down the price to ₱48.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in
terms of the number of chocolate bars bought.

EXAMPLE 3: The cost of hiring a catering service to serve food for a party is ₱250.00 per head for 50
persons or less, ₱200.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons, and ₱150.00 per head for more than 100.
Represent the total cost as a piecewise function of the number of attendees to the party.

Evaluation of Functions
You need a good grasp of GEMDAS. GEMDAS is an acronym for the words Grouping symbols,
Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction. When asked to simplify two or more
operations in one algebraic/numerical expression, the order of the letters in GEMDAS indicates what to
calculate first, second, third and so on, until a simplified expression is achieved.

Example 1: Evaluate the following functions at 𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟓 :

a. 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 – 𝟐 𝒃. 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙

𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓: 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥

= 3(1.5)– 2 = 3(1.5)2 − 4(1.5)

= 4.5 − 2 = 3(2.25) − 6
= 𝟐. 𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

𝟐𝑿 + 𝟏
𝒄. 𝒉(𝒙) = √𝑿 + 𝟒 𝒅. 𝐢(𝐱) =
𝑿−𝟏
2𝑋 + 1
Answer: y = √X + 4 𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑦 =
𝑋−1
2(1.5) + 1
= √1.5 + 4 =
(1.5) − 1
3+1
= √5.5 =
0.5
4
= 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒 = =8
0.5
𝒆. 𝒋(𝒙) = ⌊𝒙⌋ + 𝟏 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: 𝑦 = ⌊𝑥⌋ + 1
= ⌊1.5⌋ + 1
= 1 + 1
= 𝟐

Example 2: Evaluate the following functions, where 𝑓 and 𝑞 are as defined in Example

1. 𝑎) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2 where (2𝑥 + 1)

Solution:

𝒂. 𝒇 (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐

Therefore we can evaluate 𝒇 (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) = 𝟑𝒙 – 𝟐, 𝒂𝒔 𝒚 = 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏.

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

𝒃. 𝒈 (𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 – 𝟒𝒙

Therefore we can evaluate 𝒈 (𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑) = 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙, as 𝒚 = 𝟒𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝟖𝒙 + 𝟑𝟗.

Example 3:

Suppose that 𝒔 (𝑻) is the top speed (in km per hour) of a runner when the temperature is 𝑻 degrees
Celsius. Explain what the statements 𝑠 (15) = 12 and 𝑠 (30) = 10 mean.

Solution.

The first equation means that when the temperature is 15°𝐶, then the top speed of a runner is
12 𝑘𝑚 per hour. However, when temperature rises to 30°𝐶, the top speed is reduced to 10 km
per hour.

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Example 4:

The velocity 𝑉 (𝑖𝑛 𝑚/𝑠) of a ball thrown upward 𝑡 seconds after the ball was thrown is given by
𝑉 (𝑡) = 20 – 9.8𝑡. Calculate 𝑉 (0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 (1), and explain what these results mean.

Solution.

𝑉 (0) = 20 – 9.8(0)
= 20 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 (1)
= 20 – 9.8 (1)
= 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐.
These results indicate that the initial velocity of the ball is 20 𝑚/𝑠. After 1 second, the ball is
traveling more slowly, at 10.2 𝑚/𝑠.

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Let’s try!
Let’s have some Practice Exercise!

Practice Exercise Number 1:

Direction: Read the situation carefully and give what is being asked (5 points each).
1. A person is earning ₱750.00 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary

𝑆 as a function of the number n of days that the person works.

(Hint: Think of the operation needed in order to obtain the total salary)

Answer: 𝑆(𝑛) = _________________________________

2. A tricycle ride costs ₱10.00 for the first 2 kilometers, and each additional kilometer adds ₱8.00
to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the tricycle fare in terms of the distance d in
kilometers.
(Hint: Fill in the missing terms to show the piecewise function of the problem)
10 𝑖𝑓________
Answer: 𝐶(𝑑) {
___________ 𝑖𝑓 𝑑 ≥ 3

Practice Exercise Number 2:

Evaluate the following functions. Write your solution on the box provided (10 points).

1. 𝑔(𝑥) = 5𝑥 − 7 ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑥 = 1

Solution:

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

2. h (t) = t 2 + t + 1 ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡 = 2
Solution:

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

IV. Evaluation

Test A. Fill the missing term!

Direction: Read and analyze the following problem and answer what is being
asked (5 points each).
1. Xandria rides through a jeepney which charges ₱ 8.00 for the first 4 kilometers and additional
₱0.50 for each additional kilometer. Express the jeepney fare (𝐹) as function of the number of
kilometers (𝑑) that Xandria pays for the ride.

(Hint: Aside from the usual fare charge, don’t forget to include in the equation the additional fare charge
for the exceeding distance)

Answer: 𝐹(𝑑) = _________________________________

2. A parking fee at SM Lucena costs ₱25.00 for the first two hours and an extra ₱5.00 for each
hour of extension. If you park for more than twelve hours, you instead pay a flat rate of
₱100.00. Represent your parking fee using the function 𝑝(𝑡) where 𝑡 is the number of hours you
parked in the mall?
(Fill in the missing terms to show the piecewise function of the problem)

25 𝑖𝑓_____________________
Answer: 𝑝(𝑡) { (25 + 5𝑡) 𝑖𝑓___________________
__________________ 𝑖𝑓 t > 12

Test B. Find my Value!

Evaluate the following functions. Write your solution on the box provided (5 points each).

𝟑𝒙𝟐 −𝟏
3. 𝑘(𝑥) ; k(−3)
𝟐𝒙+𝟒

Solution:

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso

 ASIAN INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES-CEBU
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL MODULE
1ST SEMESTER SY 2022-2023
SUBJECT: GENERAL MATHEMATICS

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 9 ; 𝑥 = −2

Solution:

V. References
General Mathematics by Orlando A. Oronce

General Mathematics Teaching Guide For Senior High School

Department of Education Teachers Materials by Debbie Marie B. Verzosa, Ph.D.

Department of Education "General Mathematics Learner's Material"

Prepared by: Ms. Irish B. Bacalso