II.

A.Knowledge

Globalization

Long before the expeditions of Marco polo, Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan, the world
has its own Natural Order of Trade or an older version of Globalization is in place but as our culture
evolves our simple trade turned into so much more complicated form of transaction, as no longer two
bodies benefit from it but the entirety of the world does and so a Newer form of Globalization arrives as
today’s mega-corporations take their businesses across the seas, the world will have its Old Order shaken
by this New kind of Globalization.

Globalization is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and

governments worldwide. The term globalization first appeared in the early 20th century (supplanting
an earlier French term mondialization), developed its current meaning sometime in the second half
of the 20th century, and came into popular use in the 1990s to describe the unprecedented
international connectivity of the post-cold war world (Wikipedia).

In other words 21st Century’s Globalization serves as the worlds new core of transactions as all of
life’s basic commodities down to our own culture can be greatly influenced by Globalization.

Global Economy

Global Economy based on its own terms global economy refers to the growing trends for economic
activity to operate between countries and even beyond them. This trend started in the second half of the
twentieth century, with the growth of international trade and the liberation of production and finance
from the control of states, it also determines which of the world’s countries are more powerful and
wealthier than the other, due to a certain country’s immense influence on the world economy which will
become the determining factor on how powerful the country is.

The State in The Global Economy

Whether a State-nation likes it or not, it will always be on the wave of the Global Economy being
surrounded by international corporations favorite weapon “Globalization”, Though it also depends on
their own capability to hold themselves on the right position, as under-developed states greatly suffer
and those who are more developed than the other are able to progressively grow, as the saying by
Mahatma Gandhi goes “The world is big enough to satisfy everyone’s needs, but will always be too small
to satisfy everyone’s greed”.

The amount of perseverance a developing country should have is by a thinkers standards would sum
up to be “immeasurable”, the underdeveloped and developing countries will remain dependent on the
developed countries, While their people are mired in poverty and remain in competition with other poor
states in the export of agricultural produce and minerals.
Effects Of Globalization

The Effects of Globalization surely will tantamount as big as our world, though it is a statement one
should observe first before confirming, here are the following negative effects of globalization.

1. It favors Westernization, meaning that other nation-states are at a disadvantage when dealing with
the North America and Europe. This is particularly true in the agricultural industry, in which second- and
third-world nations face internal competition from Western companies

2. Nation-states are forced to examine their economic policies in light of the many challenges and
opportunities that multinational corporations and other entities of international commerce present.
Multinational corporations, particularly, challenge nation-states to confront the unique issue of foreign
direct investments, forcing nation-states to determine how much international influence they allow in
their economies.

3. Globalization creates a sense of interdependence among nations, which could create an imbalance of
power among nations of differing economic strengths.

Though there are some negative effects of globalization to our world’s trade and industries all
negativities have its own positive effects.

1. Foreign direct investment (FDI) tends to grow at a much greater rate than world trade does. This can
help to boost technology transfer, industrial restructuring, and the growth of global companies.

2. Technological Innovation the increased competition helps inspire new technological development.
The growth in FDI helps improve economic output by making processes more efficient.

3. Increased global trade enables large companies to realize economies of scale. This reduces costs and
prices, which in turn supports further growth. However, this can hurt many small businesses trying to
compete at home (thebalancemoney,2022)

As Globalization continuously forge the path to progress, as we moved forward, we should make
sacrifices on our way, because without a flint and stone we won’t have our torch lit to mark our goal.

The New Geography of Power

At the end of Cold War the entirety of the world have become more connected more so than ever
as this sparks the beginning of peace and also trade, and in terms of territory the larger a state has it,
the more power they will have, as peace introduces itself a new imbalance in power also emerges.
these are the three components of the new geography of power.

1. The first concerns the actual physical territories where much of globalization materializes in specific
institutions and processes.
2. The second concerns the ascendance of a new legal regime to govern cross-border economic
transactions, a trend not sufficiently recognized in current social science literature.

3. The third component concerns the fact that a growing number of economic activities are taking place
in the digital space.

Adding these three to the unrestricted assets of a state means that the traditional belief that the state
and global economy are two separate realms of their own might be incorrect since this helps a state, and
also the global economy may seem that the two are interconnected after all.

ANALYSIS

Based on our Observations the global economy as a whole has continuously presented the world its
negative effects, here are some of the problems that we have observed happening to a state due to it
being affected by the global economy.

Income disparity or inequality in terms of educated and non-educated people’s salary

This is one of the negative effects of global economy to the people due to the fact that
a country’s economy is ever-changing, and a salary or income is what truly divides the people
into two, The rich and the poor an example would be the garment industry in Bangladesh, for instance,
employs an estimated four million people, but the average worker earns less in a month than a U.S.
worker earns in a day. In 2013,(National Geographic Society,2022).

Increased Child Labor Opportunities

Child labor has always been a problem for a country due to it being mired in poverty
the incapable became capable, it is the harsh reality and a sad effect of an Economy incapable of lifting
its people up an example of such is In the Philippines, there are 2.1 million child labourers aged 5 to 17
years old based on the 2011 Survey on Children of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) . About 95
percent of them are in hazardous work. Sixty-nine per cent of these are aged 15 to 17 years old, beyond
the minimum allowable age for work but still exposed to hazardous work. (Child Labour in the Philippines
(ILO in the Philippines), n.d.)

Low Standard of Living

Happens due to the fact that some countries have a under-developed economy this means it has
fewer job opportunities, poor management of the government, lack of healthcare services and worse
low life expectancy meaning people tend to suffer than prosper, an example of such horrible problems
taking place is in South Sudan, the African landlocked country created in 2011, has been designated a
least developed country (LDC) by the United Nations General Assembly. More than half the nation’s
population of 8.3 million is estimated to live in absolute poverty and to suffer from
malnourishment(UNCTAD,n.d)., furthermore according to Social Progress Imperative(SPI), South Sudan
ranks 169 to their list of countries with the highest to lowest standard of living, establishing that South
Sudan’s resident have been failed by their own Government and their Economy (Global Index, SPI, 2022)
Escalation of Geopolitical Conflicts
As countries rose into power many others aspire to be as powerful as them and therefore has set
themselves a criterion, and one of the keys to become a powerful country is having a large territory, and
so even in times of peace there will always be disruptors who just seeks to fill in their greed, with
political powers moving like this the economy in itself will be placed in great danger and with an
economy at stake, its people, their own people will be on the table, as an example there are currently
numerous geopolitical conflicts: North Korea, Afghanistan, U.S.-Saudi-Iran rivalry, Syria, Ukraine,
Venezuela – the list can be extended at will. Even the fear that one of these conflicts could escalate is
unsettling investors. However, investments are the prerequisite for economic growth. Should geopolitical
conflict develop into a cross-border military conflict, this would result in an economic slump in all
countries involved. Added to this would be negative effects on the entire global economy.(GED,2018)

APPLICATION
As a HUMSS student looking to find a remedy for our environment, the first step in addressing
globalization will be for the government to accept the issue and provide the necessary level of
collaboration. As in the terms of foreign investors they intend to expand their businesses in under-
developed countries, though this might be ideal for the investors the government in hindsight should
also provide support on their own local business. And in terms of trade, fair trade will aid globalization to
a great extent because it will be equitable and protect our trade in the social, economic, and political
conditions for small investors. As a result, attention will be paid to keeping the price of goods stable. We
can also encourage the government to impose taxes, if necessary, on all goods and services imported
from abroad and to provide financial support to local investors.

Adding on some solutions for the problems as stated by our observation analysis of the negative
effects of global economy on a state, first off countries who still rely on industrialization in the likes of
small or large factories employing hundreds, countries like this should find other ways rather than
keeping up with a wave long past, instead of catching up, the government should focus on other matters
like agriculture, transportation, high-ways and roads, and infrastructure, a good example of this is the
Philippines build-build-build project (BBB) proposed and made effective by the Duterte Administration,
that according to Philippine News Agency(PNA) and also based on DPWH data as of May this year, “Build,
Build, Build” projects provided 6.5 million jobs to Filipinos from 2016 to 2020.(PNA,2022)

This will not only provide jobs that are able to pay equitably to its employees this will also give people
who are sunk in poverty jobs that would be able to support their families, it will also provide the country
the aesthetics needed to catch an investors eyes to our country, and this would also lessen the need for
child labor as their families will be able to provide their needs,

As for geographical disputes countries as such should think twice or thrice on making such decisions
as not only do they put their own lives at stake but also many others, as our proposed solution we think
that there should be laws placed that would prevent such to happen in a global range, in the likes of
Ukraine and Russia we effectively saw what other countries did to slow down Russia’s advantageous
attack on Ukraine, U.S stopped their export and transport of goods to Russia to slow them down, and we
believe that non-violent actions like this will take effect in time, but will be more effective than wasting
human blood on a senseless war, also to add as a solution to this geographical dispute of power we
proposed that leaders of countries shouldn’t have the power to just wage greed-filled wars, as we all
know governments doesn’t only have a brain to symbolize the power it must also have its might that
may act what the brain commands, and so we proposed that in order for this kinds of dispute not
escalate in a global matter, Generals or parts of a leaders circle should first have a voting session in order
to chose between “Agree” to “Disagree”, and in order to have neutral side of the circle the leader must
employ at least two or three, high ranking officials from other countries that may provide a change of
mind for such drastic actions.