STRUCTURE

Section 2 Structure

1 . Hanya Holm is a dancer, choreographer and

_____
(A) dance that she teaches
(B) her teaching of dance
(C) to teach dancing
(D) dance teacher

2. During an eclipse of the Sun, ______ in the

shadow of the Moon.
(A) the Earth lies
(B) the Earth when lying
(C) that the Earth lies
(D) the lying Earth

3. Under the influence of Ezra Pound, Hilda

Doolittle became associated with the Imagists,
and ______ into one of the most original poets of
the group.
(A) developed
(B) to be developing
(C) who developed
(D) developing it

4. _____ all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches

the ground; some of it is lost through evaporation.
(A) Nowhere
(B) Not
(C) No
(D) None

5. In an area first explored by Samuel de

Champlain, ______ .
(A) establishment of the city of Halifax in 1749
(B) in 1749 the city of Halifax established
(C) in 1749, establishing the city of Halifax
(D) the city of Halifax was established in 1749
6. A nation's merchant marine is made up of its
commercial ships and the people ______ them.
(A) they operate
(B) who operate
(C) they operate of
(D) do they operate

7. ______ Nat Turner who led a revolt against

slavery in Virginia in 1831.
(A) Where was
(B) It was
(C) He was
(D) That he was

8. The most elaborate of all bird nests ______ ,

domed communal structure built by social
weaverbirds.
(A) larger
(B) largely is
(C) the large
(D) is the large

9. William Walker's mural, "Wall of Respect,"

______ an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals
with social issues.
(A) covers
(B) covers it
(C) which covers
(D) which it covers

10. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate

______ yield when unusual weight is placed on
them.
(A) although its crust and mantle
(B) its crust and mantle to
(C) that its crust and mantle
(D) for its crust and mantle to

11. The columbine flower, ______ to nearly all of

the United States, can be raised from seed in
almost any garden.
(A) native
(B) how native is
(C) how native is it
(D) is native

12. The photoperiodic response of algae actually

depends on the duration of darkness, ______ .
(A) the light is not on
(B) and not on light
(C) but is not on the light
(D) is not on light

13. ______, the first Black denomination in the

United States.
(A) Richard Alien founded the African
Methodist Episcopal Church
(B) Richard Alien, who founded the African
Methodist Episcopal Church
(C) The African Methodist Episcopal Church
founded by Richard Alien
(D) The foundation of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church by Richard Alien

14. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is

greater than ______ .
(A) that of its mining and farming combined
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined
(D) of its combination mining and farming

15. The wallflower ______ because its weak stems

often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for
support.
(A) so called is
(B) so is called
(C) is so called
(D) called is so
Section 2 Structure
1. In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the United
States developed the reusable space shuttle
________to space cheaper and easier.
A. to make access
B and making access
C. which made accessible
D. and made accessible.

2. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more similar to

humans _______.
A. are than any other animal
B. than is any other animal
C. any other animal is
D. and any other animal is

3. _______more than 65,000 described species of

protozoa, of which more than half are fossils.
A. Being that there are
B. There being
C. Are there
D. There are

4. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 ___ nearly

unanimously through the United States Congress.
A. passed
B. in passage
C. having passed
D. passing

5. Modern skyscrapers have a steel skeleton of

beams and columns ___a three-dimensional grid.
A. forms
B. from which forming
C. and forming
D. that forms

6. The average level of United States prices grew

very little from 1953 until the mid-1960’s when
____________.
A. did inflation begin
B. inflation began
C. the beginning of inflation
D. did the beginning of inflation

7. The basis premise behind all agricultural

production is _____available the riches of the soil
for human consumption.
A. to be made
B. the making
C. making is
D. to make

8. ___to the united states House of Representatives

in 1791, Nathaniel Macon remained in office until
1815.
A. Election
B. Why he was elected
C. Elected
D. Who was elected

9. ________ of classical ballet in the united states

began around 1830.
A. To teach
B. Is teaching
C. It was taught
D. The teaching

10. The universe is estimated ___between 10 billion

and 20 billion years old.
A. being
B. to be
C. which is
D. is.

11. A situation in which an economic market is

dominated by a ____ is known as a monopoly.
A. single of a product seller
B. product single of a seller
C. seller of a product single
D. single seller of a product
12. ____ freshwater species of fish build nests of
sticks, stones, or scooped-out sand..
A. As the many
B. Of the many
C. Many
D. Many of them are

13. Newspaper publishers in the united states

have estimated ___________reads a
newspaper every day.
A. nearly 80 percent of the adult population
who
B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult population
C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population
who
D. that nearly 80 percent of the adult
population

14. The foundation of all other branches of

mathematics is arithmetic, _ science of
calculating with numbers.
A. is the
B. the
C. which the
D. because the

15. Nylon was ___the human-made fibers.

A. the first of which
B. what the first of
C. it the first of
D. the first of

STRUCTURE 1

Directions : Questions 1-4- are complete sentences you will see, four words or phrases, market
(A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best complete the sentences

1. A dominant animal is best defined as one …. Actions are not constrained by possible
responses of its fellows.
a) With
b) That is
 c) Whose
d) Where its

2. In general, …. Have a professional obligation to protect confidential sources of information.

a. Which journalists
b. Journalists, they
c. Journalists
d. Journalists that

3. Cobalt resembles iron and nickel in tensile strength, appreance,…

a. Is hard
b. Although hard
c. Has hardness
d. And hardness

4. …. Explores the nature of guilt and responsibility and builds to a remarkable conclusion.
a. The written beautifully novel
b.The beautifully written novel
c. The novel beautifully written
d. The written novel beautifully

5. He is a man …. To have the vision of an eagle and courage of a lion.

a. Who appears
b. He appears
c. Who appear
d. He appear

6. …. Getting the highest result in the class, john still had problems with his teacher.
a. Despite of
b. In spite of
c. Even though
d. Nonetheless

7. This new service will be available to all users …. Up for paid membership.
a. That signed
b. That signed it
c. Which signed
d. Sign
8. I think Jane deserved to be fired for her ….
a. Totally behavior irresponsible
b. Behavior totally irresponsible
c. Irresponsible totally behavior
d. Totally irresponsible behavior

9. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people ….
a. Hear
b. Hearing them
c. Do
d. Do them

10. Of all economically important phants,palms have been …

a. The least studied
b. Study less and less
c. Study the least
d. To study the less

11. With the passing of the time and the emoarchement of people, the habitat of garillas … to
decrease
a. Containing
b. Continius
c. Which continue
d. Continue

12. …. Social meeting birds that build their nests in tress and on clifis.
a. Most stocks are
b. Stocks most
c. The most stocks
d. Most are stocks

13 ….. was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics for this work on the phoneletric effect.
a. That enstein
b. It was enstein
c. Enstein who
d. Enstein

14. .Emma Thompson was nominated for an Academy Award as both a Screenwriher…an
actress in 1996.
 a) Also
b) Or
c) In addition
d) And

15. Because of its warm tropical climate, howards…. Subzero temperature.

a) Almost experience never
b) Expreriance never almost
c) Experiences almost never
d) Almost never expreriance

16. from the inception of his long and distingshed carrer, frank lieyd wright was concerned with
how … architecture with topography.

a) Integrating
b) To integrate
c) Did the integrate
d) Integrated

17. Egyptian pyramids were regurally robbed despire their intricate pessegewrys, byzantine
mazes, and …

a) Walls which were false

b) They had false walls
c) False walls
d) Walls of falsity

18. The Duncan sofa, …. Is highly valued in todays antique furniture market.

a) A colonial masterpiece
b) A colonial masterpiece which
c) It is a colonial masterpiece that
d) Whose colonial masterpiece

19.Maine’s coastline is a major attraction and vista of sandy beaches contrasted… rockbound
shoreline.

a) To the rugged
b) By the rugged
c) On the rugged
 d) At the rugged

20. At the seventh international ballet competions, Fernando Bujones won the first, gold modal
ever … to a Unites States make dancer

a) That award
b) Should be awarding
c) To be awarded
d) To award

21. the b;est-known diffuse nebuls is the great Orion Nebuls …. Can be seen by the narked eye.

a) It
b) Which
c) One
d) Who

22. Over time the young students will perfect the art of piano playing. After all, such …. Needs
delicate handling .

a) A tuned instrument finely

b) A finely instrument tuned
c) An instrument tuned finely
d) A finely tuned instrument

23. Before Johnson and smith reached great heights in the business world, … encountered many
great difficults in promoting their theories and methods.

a) They
b) Who
c) Which
d) He

STRUCTURE 2
1. The tongue can move and play a vital role in
chewing, …..…, and speaking.
a. to b. swallowing
c. for d. of

2. Instead of being housed in one central bank, the

Federal Reserve System is to….. into twelve
districts.
a. dividing b. divided
c. division d. divides
3. Those species are cultivated for their…….follage.
a. beautifully b. beau
mainly eat insects, worms, and snails
and……. For their food by probing the ground
with their long bills.
a. searching b. searches
c. searched d. search

5. He founded that city in 1685, and…..quickly grew

to be the largest city in colonial America.
a. he b. it
c. it d. we

6. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than

in……Canadian province except Prince Edward
Island.
a. other b. one another
c. any other d. others

7. Dr. Bethune, the founder of Bethune-Cookman

College, served as…….to both Franklin Rosevelt
and Harry Truman.
a. advise b. advised
c. an advisor d. advising

8. Some plants produse…………poisons that can

affect a person even if he or she merely brushes
against them.
a. irritating b. irritated
c. irritability d. irritation

9. Accute hearing helps most animals sense the

approach of thunderstorms long before people….
a. hearing them b. do
c. do them c. hear

10. The rotation of the Earth on its axis is…….the

alternation of periods of light and darkness.
a. responsible in b. responsible for
c. responsible with d. responsible to
11. Doctors are not sure……fever
a. exactly how disease causes
b. diseases exactly causes how
c. how disease causes exactly
d. how exactly causes disease

12. ………. Burmese breed of cat was developed in the US during the 1930’s.
a. The b. When the
c. While the d. Since the

13. Along the rocky shores of New

England………and tidal marsh.
a. are where stretches of sandy beach
b. stretches of sandy are there
c. are stretches of sandy beach
d. stretches of sandy beach are

14. lina was nominated for an award as both a

screenwriter……..an actress in 2009.
a. also b. in addition
c. and d. but

15. An erupting volcano sometimes affects……of

the surrounding region and can even cause lakes
to disappear.
a. feature b. the featured
c. featuring d. the feature

16. most tree frogs change color to

harmonize…………
a. to their background
b. with their background
c. on their background
d. in background of them

17. due to the refraction of light rays,….Is

impossible for the naked eye to determine the
exact location of a star close to the horizon.
a. it b. this
c. that d. there
18. Modern poets have experimented with poetic
devices…………..and assonance.
a. as such alliteration
b. such as alliteration
c. such alliteration as
d. alliteration such as

19. Birds’ eggs vary greatly…….size, shape, and

color.
a. with b. of
c. at d. in

20. Fredrick dedicated……….of slavery and the

fight for civil rights.
a. his life to work the abolishment
b. his life to working for the abolishment
c. his life to work to abolish
d. his life to working in abolish

21. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian

Rockies, is named……
a. a famous after nurses
b. after a famous nurse
c. nurses after a famous
d. after famous nurses

22. Xanthines have both Good and bad effects on

the body, and these effects…..the size and
regularity of dosage.
a. are generally determined by
b. are generally determined on
c. are generally determined in
d. are generally determined with

23. when a severe ankle injury forced….to give up

reporting in 1926, M.Mitchell began writing her
novel Gone with the wind.
a. herself b. her
c. hers d. she

24. one of the most difficult questions in difining

sleep is “what……the functions of sleep?”
a. is b. has
c. have d. are
25. the museum houses…..of various objects
documenting the vibrancy of the cultures.
a. five thousands pieces
b. pieces five thousands
c. five thousand pieces
d. thousands five pieces

26. …….in the same direction as their orbital

motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate
oppositely.
a. seven of planets rotate
b. seven planets rotate
c. seven rotate of planets
d. seven rotate planets

27. in the US….. to the national legislature

comprising the house of Representatives and the
Senate.
a. voters elect representatives
b. representatives elect voters
c. elect representatives voters
d. voters election representative

28. it is the interaction between people, rather than

the events that occur in their lives,……the main
focus of social psychology.
a. which are b. that are
c. which is d. that is

29. Today…..fewer than one hundred varieties

cultivated flowers.
a. are b. have
c. there are d. have there

30. …….some of the famous detectives in literature

are based on deductive reasoning.
a. methods use by
b. they used methods
c. the methodology used
d. using the methods of

31. the short story most naturally flourishes in an

age…..with simplicity and directness.
a. what it expresses
b. that expresses itself
c. which expressing
d. it is expressed

32. Naval cartographers’ knowledge of surface

ocean currents is much more
complete…….subsurface currents.
a. than b. than in
c. than those of d. than that of

33. Unless exposed to light….plant cells do not

produce chlorophyll.
a. most of b. the most of
c. the most d. most

34. Temperature levels in an oven are varied

according to the kinds of…
a. are foods baked
b. foods to be baked
c. are baked foods
d. foods are baking

35. the three most common states of matter are….

a. solidity, liquid, and gas
b. solid, liquefy, and gas
c. solidity, liquidate, and gas
d. solid, liquid, and gas

36. the snowy egret is about the size…..crow

a. large b. of a large
c. of large d. a large

37. it has been found that chronic loud noise may

lead to….hearing loss
a. temporary or permanently
b. temporarily or permanent
c. temporarily or permanently
d. temporary or permanent

38. with modern machinery, textile mills can

manufacture as much fabric in a few seconds
as…..weeks o produce by hands
a. workers once took it
b. took workers it once
c. it took once workers
d. it once took workers
39. Norman Mailers first….with his war novel The
Naked and The Dead, published in 1948.
a. Successfully achieved
b. achieved success
c. successful achievement
d. achievement of success

40. Through the years, the job of governing cities

has become …..complex.
a. so much increasingly
b. increasingly whole
c. increasingly
d. what is increasingly
STRUCTURE 3

1. Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty

member __________ to apply for the dean’s
position.
A. intend
B. intends
C. are intending
D. has intend
2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most
dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from
food and water, even in developed countries.
A. one of the
B. one of
C. one
D. of one
3. The death toll would __________ much higher if
immediate action had not beentaken.
A. probably being
B. probably be
C. probably been
D. be probable
4. A fire in the __________ building could be a
problem for firefighters.
A. ninety-story-tall
B. ninety-tall-story
C. ninety-stories-tall
D. ninety stories
5. Their office consisted of three rooms,
__________ was used as a conference room.
A. larger of which
B. the largest of which
C. the largest of them
D. largest
6. In the past six months, the company has already
received twice __________ ingross revenues as it
earned in the entire preceding year.
A. as much
B. more
C. as many
D. as more
7. __________ better, the team would have been
able to defeat the opponent.
A. If it prepares
B. If prepares
C. Preparing
D. Had it prepared
8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until
next week.
A. the meeting
B. was the meeting
C. did the meeting
D. the meeting was
9. The curriculum at the public school is as good
__________ of any privateschool.
A. or better than
B. as or better that
C. as or better than that
D. as or better than those
10. Being a private university, __________ a well-
organized charitable givingprogram in order to
offer a sufficient number of quality courses and
activities.
A. development of
B. it developed
C. develop
D. developing
11. Internet companies rely heavily on income from
on-line purchases, but __________.
A. traditional companies as well
B. traditional companies too
C. also traditional companies
D. so do traditional companies
12. The company had difficulty distributing
__________ so that they could meetproduction
quotas.
A. sufficiently number of parts in a timely manner
to its manufacturers
B. a sufficient number of parts to its
manufacturers in a timely manner
C. to its manufacturers in a timely manner a
sufficient number of parts
D. in a timely manner to its manufacturers a
sufficient number of parts
13. The company sustained an angry reaction from
its employees after announcing how
__________ to reduce operating costs.
A. it planned
B. planned
C. did it plan
D. was planned

14. The gymnasium facilities of this public school

are __________ those of the finest private
school in the county.
A. second after
B. second only to
C. first except for
D. second place from
15. The more the horse tried to free itself from the
restraint, __________.
A. the tighter it became
B. it became tighter
C. the horse could not escape
D. it was unable to move
16. __________, that runner is likely to be the first
one chosen.
A. Due to her agility and speed
B. Because of she is agile and fast
C. Because agile and rapid
D. Because her agility and speed
17. It was not until the students were seated
__________ the proctor realized he had the
 wrong test booklets.
A. that
B. when
C. as soon as
D. and
18. As a result of the additional rain with so much
flooding already having occurred,residents were
seeking shelter __________ than in previous
years.
A. in more numbers
B. more numerously
C. greater in numbers
D. in greater numbers
19. The company president wrote an e-mail and
planned to send __________ as soon as the vote
was complete.
A. to all directors the message
B. the message by all directors
C. message to all directors
D. the message to all directors
20. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of
the medication, __________ to curtail her work
and public speaking activities.
A. has
B. had
C. she has had
D. she will had
21. __________ did Arthur realize that there was
danger.
A. Upon entering the store
B. When he entered the store
C. After he had entered the store
D. Only after entering the store
22. Hardly __________ the office when he realized
that he had forgotten his wallet.
A. he had entered
B. had entered
C. entered
D. had he entered
23. Once the employees had begun receiving
financial information on the company,
__________ income.
A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and
increasing
B. it made the employees more eager to assist in
reduce costs and increase
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and
increase
24. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with
regular pliers but then decided he needed to
retrieve his toolbox in order to use __________.
A. another pliers
B. others pliers
C. the others ones
D. another pair
25. The committee has met and __________.
A. have approve the budget
B. budget was approved
C. its approval of the budget
D. approved the budget

Structure

1. Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty

member __________ to apply for the dean’s
position.
A. intend
B. intends
C. are intending
D. has intend
2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most
dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from food
and water, even in developed countries.
A. one of the
B. one of
C. one
D. of one
3. The death toll would __________ much higher if
immediate action had not been taken.
A. probably being
B. probably be
C. probably been
D. be probable
4. A fire in the __________ building could be a
problem for firefighters.
A. ninety-story-tall
B. ninety-tall-story
C. ninety-stories-tall
D. ninety stories

5. Their office consisted of three rooms,

__________ was used as a conference room.
A. larger of which
B. the largest of which
C. the largest of them
D. largest

6. In the past six months, the company has already

received twice __________ in gross revenues as
it earned in the entire preceding year.
A. as much
B. more
C. as many
D. as more

7. __________ better, the team would have been

able to defeat the opponent.
A. If it prepares
B. If prepares
C. Preparing
D. Had it prepared

8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until

next week.
A. the meeting
B. was the meeting
C. did the meeting
D. the meeting was

9. The curriculum at the public school is as good

__________ of any private school.
A. or better than
B. as or better that
C. as or better than that
D. as or better than those

10. Being a private university, __________ a well-

organized charitable giving program in order to
offer a sufficient number of quality courses and
activities.
A. development of
B. it developed
C. develop
D. developing

11. The greater the number of bacteria attacking the

system, __________.
A. the sooner treatment must be begun
B. sooner must begin treatment
C. begin treatment as soon as possible
D. must begin treatment sooner

12. A congressional committee has been appointed

to study a new procedure __________ to
eliminate some costly expenditures.
A. that is expected
B. what is expected
C. which expects
D. that expected

13. Some people send job applications even when

they are reasonably happy in their jobs,
__________ improving their position.
A. with hoping to
B. hoping that
C. with hopes of
D. hoping to

14. Swimming is a beneficial exercise, __________

aerobic activity and uses a number of muscle
groups.
A. not only because it provides
B. because it both provides
C. for provision
D. as result of providing

15. The professor instructed the students

__________ the essay without preparing an
outline first.
A. to not write
B. not to write
C. do not write
D. to no write

16. It is not clear when __________, although there

are many different theories.
A. dinosaurs becoming extinct
B. dinosaurs extinction
C. dinosaurs became extinct
D. did dinosaurs become extinct

17. If the driver’s own car __________ damaged,

the favorite probably would have won the race.
A. had not been
B. not
C. no had been
D. has no be

18. The soldiers were unable to determine where

__________.
A. the jeep had been left
B. had been leave the jeep
C. had the jeep been left
D. had the jeep left

19. The manager was angry because somebody

_________.
A. had allowed the photographers to enter the
building
B. had let the photographers to enter the building
C. permitting the photographers enter the building
D. the photographers let into the building

20. The committee members resented __________

of the meeting.
A. the president that he did not tell them
B. the president not to inform them
C. the president’s not informing them
D. that the president had failed informing
themselves

21. __________ did Arthur realize that there was

danger.
A. Upon entering the store
B. When he entered the store
C. After he had entered the store
D. Only after entering the store

22. The company sustained an angry reaction from

its employees after announcing how__________
to reduce operating costs.
A. it planned B. planned
C. did it plan D. was planned

23. The gymnasium facilities of this public school

are __________ those of the finest private
school in the county.
A. second after B. second only to
C. first except for D. second place from

24. The more the horse tried to free itself from the
restraint, __________.
A. the tighter it became
B. it became tighter
C. the horse could not escape
D. it was unable to move

25. __________, that runner is likely to be the first

one chosen.
A. Due to her agility and speed
B. Because of she is agile and fast
C. Because agile and rapid
D. Because her agility and speed

26. It was not until the students were seated

__________ the proctor realized he had
the wrong test booklets.
A. that B. when
C. as soon as D. and

27. As a result of the additional rain with so much

flooding already having occurred, residents
were seeking shelter __________ than in
previous years.
A. in more numbers
B. more numerously
C. greater in numbers
D. in greater numbers

28. The company president wrote an e-mail and

planned to send __________ as soon as the vote
was complete.
A. to all directors the message
B. the message by all directors
C. message to all directors
D. the message to all directors

29. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of

the medication, __________ to curtail her work
and public speaking activities.
A. has B. had
C. she has had D. she will had

30. __________ did Arthur realize that there was

danger.
A. Upon entering the store
B. When he entered the store
C. After he had entered the store
D. Only after entering the store

31. Hardly __________ the office when he realized

that he had forgotten his wallet.
A. he had entered
B. had entered
C. entered
D. had he entered

32. Once the employees had begun receiving

financial information on the company,
__________ income.
A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and
increasing
B. it made the employees more eager to assist in
reduce costs and increase
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and
increase
33. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with
regular pliers but then decided he needed to
retrieve his toolbox in order to use __________.
A. another pliers
B. others pliers
C. the others ones
D. another pair

34. The committee has met and __________.

A. have approve the budget
B. budget was approved
C. its approval of the budget
D. approved the budget