56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto

Management of aging Infrastructure

Challenges for Owners and Operators

Jürgen Krieger, Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt), Bergisch Gladbach, Germany

Federal Highway Research Institute, Division Bridges and Structural Engineering

 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 2/96
 Reliable Road Infrastructure is a necessary Condition
for sustainable Mobility and contributes to
economic Growth and Quality of Life.

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 Transport System
Demographics and social factors
Environment and Energy  Older Population
 Sustainability  Families Structures
 Natural Resources (Demand, Restrictions)  Urban developments (Mega-Cities)
 Climate Change  Work and Lifestyle
 Alternative fuels
 Loss of biodiversity

Influence on transport
system and Government/Politics
 Changes in Governance
decisions of  Financing Mechanisms
owners/operators Privatization
Economics 
 Increasing economic integration  Terrorism
 Regulations (national, EU)
 Emerging Asian economies
 Dependence on foreign trade
 Sustained increase in transport costs
Technology
 Nanotechnology
 Intelligent Infrastructure
 Advances in IT Technologies
 Medical Advances

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 Germany - Changes in Traffic Demand

1950 1975 1985 until today

 Traffic increase

 Changing requirements for road infrastructure

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 Federal Roads in Germany

Roads: 644.358 km
Freeways: 12.531 km
Highways: 40.711 km

Federal Roads
Bridges: 40.000
Tunnels: 240

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 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

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 Traffic Prognosis for Germany

Freight Traffic

Passenger Traffic

Quelle: www.bmvi.de

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 Germany - Traffic Prognosis 2030 (Freight Traffic)

Quelle: www.bmvi.de

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 Bridges on Federal Roads

timber steel composite

stone

concrete

prestressed concrete

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 Bridges on Federal Roads – Age Distribution

40.000 Bridges
30 Mio. m²

≈ 60%

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 Bridges on Federal Roads – Bridges Classes

≈ 57%

Bridge Class

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 Bridges on Federal Roads – Condition Rating

Condition rating (Bridge inspection DIN 1076)

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 Possible Deficits of Bridges
Bridge type Construction Deficits
linear temperature difference not
considered

coupling joints

1953 - 1979 shear resistance

insufficient minimum
reinforcement

stress corrosion cracking

stress corrosion cracking

multi span prestressed 1979 - 1995 linear temperature difference
considered did not reach DIN FB
101:2001 level

linear temperature difference

1995 - 2001 considered did not reach DIN FB
101:2001 level

since 2001 no deficits recorded

Sachstand Verstärkungsverfahren – Verstärken von Betonbrücken im Bestand, Bericht der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Heft B 75

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 14/96
 Challenges for Owners and Operators

 Traffic demand – traffic prognosis

 Load bearing capacity and condition
 Maintenance under traffic
 Limited resources
 Extreme weather (Climate Change)
 Large accidents, criminal and/or terrorist activities

Owners and Operators have to make sure that their

assets are available, durable, secure and safe!

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 15/96
 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 16/96
 Management of (aging) Infrastructure

Budget Infrastructure

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 17/96
 Management of (aging) Infrastructure

Budget Infrastructure
Why?

How much?

When?

Where?

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 18/96
 Management of (aging) Infrastructure

Budget Scenarios: Infrastructure

What if?

How much if?

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 19/96
 Management of (aging) Infrastructure

Budget Decision Support Infrastructure

Why?
Scenarios:
When?
What if?
Where?
How much if?
How much?

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 Management Circle
Inventory and
Inspection Data

Specific Bridge
Assessments Management
System (BMS)

Maintenance
Inspection
Program
(DIN 1076)

Planning of
Data Update Measures and
Design

Construction
Process
If
necessary

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 21/96
 Bridge Management – Standards/Guidelines

Inspection (2013)
Recording and assessment of
Engineering structures in damages, condition assessment
the course of roads
(1999)

Inventory
Guideline (2013)
Software (2013)
Inventory and inspection

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 22/96
 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 23/96
 Location - unique Identifier

5136
Stadtroda

Structure 528
Substructure _0

5136 528 _0

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 Location - unique Identifier

Structure ID

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 Bridge Inventory

Geometry

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 Layout of Inventory Database
Pavement, Safety barriers 13 structural components
Waterproofing layer

• Anchoring Superstructure
• Cables
• Joints Caps Prestressing Bearings Substructure
• Others (internal, external) (Supporting)
Foundation

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 Keywords and Coding

Bridge
Beam-/Slab Structure
Slab bridge
Beam bridge
Rib slab bridge
Box girder bridge
Frame structure
open Frame
closed Frame
special Frame structure
...
...

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 28/96
 Photos and Drawings

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 29/96
 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

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 Bridge Inspection – DIN 1076

Visual Inspection

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 31/96
 Bridge Inspection – DIN 1076

 Major Inspection
Hands on visual inspection of all parts of a structure by engineers, every 6
years. Damage and condition assessment according to RI-EBW-PRÜF. First major
inspection before the structure is opened to traffic, second major inspection
before the end of the guarantee period
 Minor Inspection
Hands on visual inspection by engineers every 3 years after major inspection,
verification of major inspection results
 Ad-hoc Inspection
Engineers obtain in-depth view of particular damages or deterioration process
(accidents, flooding, ...)
 Inspection in accordance with regulatory requirements
Machinery and electrical equipment forming part of highway structures, especially
moveable viewing facilities and gantries, are inspected with other regulations and
standards.
 Superficial inspection
Maintenance personal, no special knowledge on highway structures,
detection of major visible faults, checking the functionality quarterly basis
(visual), annual inspection (all accessible parts)
 Routine Monitoring
Ongoing observation of all highway structures with respect to their safety as part
of the superficial inspection of the highway

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 32/96
 Inspection Equipment

Tape measure

Crack width measurement

Optical Measurement

Crack width measurement

Concrete cover
measurement Schmidt-Hammer Crayons

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 Inspection inspection ship

mobile device

stationary device

bridge cables
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 Inspection

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 Inspection

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 Inspection

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 Rating of Damages

Damages and condition rating

damage description

examples with rating

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 Rating of Damages

location, description, rating

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 Damage Assessment – Stability

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 Examples for Damages

Steel corrosion of the bridge cap (deicing Corrosion due to less concrete cover
salt, sea water environment)

Determination of carbonization depth Concrete flaking

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 41/96
 Link to NDT

Depends on:

• kind of structure
• kind of element
• material
• damage, objective
• accessibility
• costs
• experienceNDT- NDT - compendium
methods

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 NDT Methods

3,65
x

1,9

y
B3
>-200 >-250 >-300 >-350 >-400 >-450 <=-450 (mVCSE)

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 NDT Methods

1.5

Impact 1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1
y( )
tendons
1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6
Back wall
Frequency
0.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
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 Additional Inspections

Bridge Inspection (DIN

Bridge Data (ASB-ING)
1076)

Unusual Yes
Damage ?

No

Damage Assessment (RI-

EBW-PRÜF)
Object-related
Update of Bridge
Bridge – Damage Analysis Data

Measure Alternatives
(ORDA)
Management-
(Maintenance)
- non-destructive Testing,
System - Monitoring,
- Laboratory Tests,
Maintenance Costs
(BMS) - Test Loading, Tender Design
- Recalculation
Damage Development

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 45/96
 Bridge Condition according to DIN 1076

1,0 – 1,7 the structural element is in a very good / good

condition. Intervention not necessary.

1,8 – 2,4 the structural element is in an acceptable condition.

Intervention should be planned in time.

2,5 – 2,9 the structural element is in a bad condition.

Measures should be planned in the near future.

3,0 – 3,4 the structural element is in a bad condition.

Measures should be planned fast.

≥ 3,5 the structural element is in a very bad condition.

Measures have to be planned immediately.

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 Inspection Report

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 47/96
 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 48/96
 Load bearing Capacity of aging Bridges

Probability of Failure, Pf
Actions. Resistance

 Aging
 Condition
 Systematic weaknesses
 …

Time
Freight transport (with special permission)
Quelle: Factas Universitatis; Architecture and Engineering; Vol. 7, N 1, 2009 (modifiziert)

 Overloaded trucks
 New vehicle concepts
 Extreme weather events (Climate Change)
 …

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 Traffic Simulation
Two span bridge – bending moment at support
FB101

60%
60/30
60
30/30

Traffic Simulation:
HGV Traffic on A61

Span (m)

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 Risk Analysis – Standards and Guidelines

Hennigsdorf St 140/160 bis Anfang 90er Jahre

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 Risk Analysis

Z = (f1*ZV + f2*ZZN(ÜB) + f3*ZDT + f4*ZKF + f5*ZQ + f6*ZSpRK

+ f7*ZZN(TBw)) * 7

ZV Traffic (f1=0,45)
ZZN(ÜB) Condition of superstructure (f2=0,10)
ZDT „DT“-Consideration (f3=0,10)
ZKF „Coupling Joints“ (f4=0,10)
ZQ „Shear Force“ (f5=0,10)
ZSpRK „Stress Corrosion“ (f6=0,10)
ZZN(TBw) Condition (f7=0,05)
f1,…,f7 Weighting factors

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 Risk Analysis

Detailed Assessment
Strengthening and/or Replacement?

Quelle: http://www.bast.de/DE/FB-B/Fachthemen/b4-nachrechnung-bruecken

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 Reassessment

Guideline for the

assessment of
existing bridges

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 Reassessment - vertical traffic loads

 Target traffic level

− LMM: Load model 1 Target traffic level
(DIN EN 1991-2/NA)
Current DTV-SV Current composition of
− LM1: Load model 1 (from counting's) traffic (from counting's)
(DIN Fachbericht)

− BK60/30: Load model 60/30

(DIN 1072:1985) Prognosis type of traffic
DTV-SV to 2025
− BK60: Load model 60
(DIN 1072:1967)
Target traffic level
− BK30/30: Load model 30/30 (due to road category)

(DIN 1072:1985)

fulfillment of
yes verification of
verification target traffic
 Type of traffic level
no

− long distance Compensation measures

− medium distance
− local traffic
Source: Bauingenieur, Ausgabe Januar 2012

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 Reassessment procedure

LM-Target

Calculation yes
fulfillment of Verification
Stage 1 according to
verification grade A
DIN FB / EC
no

Verification + yes
special fulfillment of Verification
Stage 2 arrangements verification grade B
due to manual

no Compensation
measures
no yes
structural or
Stage 3 Stage 4 different
Verification
grade C
measures

Source: Bauingenieur, Ausgabe Januar 2012

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 Compensation measures

 Limitations for traffic:

− Load restriction
− Ban of overtaking for trucks
− Introducing a speed limit
− Rearrangement of lanes
− Closing and/or narrowing of lanes

 Compensating monitoring measures:

− Installation of long-term monitoring
− Additional inspections according DIN 1076

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 Retrofitting Methods for Concrete Bridges

external tendons external tendons

additional concrete in the

additional concrete in the
compression zone
compression zone

cross section expansion with

Insufficient shotcrete and additional cross section expansion with
load-carrying reinforcement shear resistance shotcrete and additional
capacity due to reinforcement
increased traffic near-surface-mounted steel
loads reinforcement
change of structural system
near-surface-mounted FRP
strips
shear pin
external bonded FRP strips

external prestressed FRP

strips external tendons

additional reinforcement
external tendons

insufficient coupling joints external bonded FRP strips

additional reinforcement in
minimum
grooves
reinforcement external bonded steel plates
near-surface-mounted FRP
strips prestressed FRP strips

Source: Sachstand Verstärkungsverfahren – Verstärken von Betonbrücken im Bestand, Bericht der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Heft B 75

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 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

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 Management of (aging) Infrastructure

Budget Decision Support Infrastructure

Why?
Scenarios:
When?
What if?
Where?
How much if?
How much?

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 Bridge Management System

restrictions
network
costs
structures (owner,
user)
damages
program
condition requirements
maintenance data analyses
assessment options
base
traffic ...
deterioration
accidents prediction
costs alternatives

(OECD 1992)

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 Bridge Management System

inspection damage analysis

condition assessment on object level

SIB-Bauwerke

maintenance alternatives effects on user and

costs, prognosis environment

BMS-MB

evaluation on evaluation on
network level object level

BMS-EP

evaluation of BMS-SB
maintenance program
strategies

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 Maintenance Strategies

 Actual condition of
the structure
 Prediction of further
deterioration
 Effect of different
maintenance
measures

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 Bridge Management System - Example

Superstructure:
corrosion of Bituminous Layer:
reinforcement cracks and delamination

Retainng System:
corrosion

Bearing:
excessive Substructure:
deformation Embankment:
cracks damaged

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 Bridge Management System - Example
Concrete repair 1.000 m²
costs 490.500 € duration 3 months
intervention 2014 or 2015

Asphalt replacement (without waterproofing)

costs 64.200 € duration 3 months
intervention 2014 or 2015

Crack injection
costs 129.100 € duration 3 months
intervention 2014 to 2018

Embankment repair (30 m³)

costs 11.700 € duration 3 months
intervention 2014 or 2015
Retaining System repair (33 m)/replacement (100 m)
costs 19.700 € / 34.100 € duration 1 week
intervention 2014 to 2019
Bearing repair/replacement
costs 24.700 € / 25.300 € duration 1 week
intervention 2014 to 2019

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 Bridge Management System - Example

Measure
Concrete Layer repair Crack Embank- Railing Bearing
Alternative
repair injection ment repair/replace- repair/re-
repair ment placement
A 2014 2014 2014 2014 I 2014 I
B 2014 2014 2014 2014 A 2014 A
C 2015 2015 2015 2015 I 2015 I
D 2015 2015 2015 2015 A 2015 A
E 2014 2014 2014 2018 I 2016 I
F 2014 2014 2014 2018 A 2017 A
G 2015 2015 2015 2018 I 2016 I
H 2015 2015 2015 2018 A 2018 A
I 2015 2015 2015 2015 A 2018 A
J 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 A 2015 A
K 2015 2017 2015 2015 2017 A 2016 A

I = repair A = replacement

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 Bridge Management System - Example

Alternative costs [€] Owner:

owner user environment
maintenance
traffic safety
A 949.482 5.685.822 158.345
residual value
B 953.284 5.685.822 158.345
C 926.708 5.520.215 153.733 User:
D 929.832 5.520.215 153.733
E 1.090.105 8.685.822 222.087 time
F 1.081.757 8.685.822 222.087 operation
G 1.059.736 8.520.215 217.475
accidents
H 1.060.303 8.520.215 217.475
I 975.235 5.520.215 153.733 Environment:
J 985.743 5.685.822 158.345
K 1.589.152 11.827.591 329.388 climate
pollution
noise

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 Bridge Management System - Example

Alternative benefit [€]

user environment

A 544.672.79 20.438.750 Benefit :

B 1.141.349.526 44.152.697
C 639.504.025 24.123.846 Costsdo nothing - Costsmeasure
D 1.236.291.331 47.905.083 (user + environment)
E 734.740.830 27.842.248
F 1.112.565.378 42.944.799
G 991.349.709 37.598.408
H 1.207.507.183 46.697.184
I 1.207.507.183 46.697.184
J 1.207.507.183 46.697.184
K 1.424.570.426 5.494.698

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 Bridge Management System - Example

Prioriti- Cost/Benefit-Ratio
without with discount Cost/Benefit - Ratio:
sation discount rate rate
3% Owner - Costs /
best D D User + Environment - Benefit
I I
J J
B B
H H
F F
K G
G K
C C
E E
worst A A

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 Bridge Management System - Example
Summe aus
Gesamt-
Jahr der Nutzen und Rangfolge am
Nr. Strategie Maßnahme- Nutzen Summe aus
MaßnahmeGesamt- Kosten Objekt
Jahr der Kosten* Nutzen
Nr. Strategie Maßnahme- Nutzen Summe aus der und Rangfolge am
Maßnahme

• Analysis of alternatives for

1 FBÜK Maßnahme 6Gesamt- Kosten Objekt
Jahr der Kosten*-30.000 123.200
Nutzen 93.200 am 37
Nr. Strategie
2 FBÜK Maßnahme-
7 Nutzen Summe
-29.100 der und
125.400
aus MaßnahmeRangfolge
96.300 36
1 Maßnahme6Gesamt- Kosten Objekt
3FBÜK FBÜK
Jahr der 8Kosten*-30.000
-28.227 123.200127.600
Nutzen und
der Maßnahme
93.20099.373
Rangfolge am 37 34
Nr. Strategie
2 Maßnahme- Nutzen
4FBÜK FBÜK
Maßnahme 7 -29.100
9 -30.000 -27.380 125.400
129.800
Kosten 96.300
102.420 37 36 32
Objekt

all objects
1 3FBÜK5FBÜKFBÜK6 8Kosten* -28.227 123.200
127.600 93.20099.373
2 FBÜK 7 10 -29.100 -26.559 der
125.400 132.000
Maßnahme 96.300 105.441 36 34 30
4 FBÜK6 9 11 -27.380 129.800 102.420 37 34 32 28
1 3FBÜK5FBÜK6FBÜKFBÜK 8 10 -30.000 -28.227 -25.762
123.200
-26.559 127.600 134.200
132.000
93.200
99.373 108.438
105.441
2 4FBÜK6FBÜK7FBÜKFBÜK 7 12 -27.380
9 11 -29.100 -24.989
125.400
129.800 136.400
96.300
102.420 36 32 30 27
111.411
-25.762 134.200 108.438 34 30 28 26
3 5FBÜK7FBÜK8FBÜKFBÜK 8 10 13 -26.559
-28.227 -24.239
127.600 138.600
99.373 114.361

• Network-wide ranking
132.000 105.441
4 6FBÜK8FBÜK9FBÜKFBÜK 9 11 12 -27.380 -24.989
14 -25.762 -23.512
129.800 136.400
134.200 140.800
102.420 111.411
108.438 32 28 27 25
117.288
5 10 FBÜK 13 -24.239
15 -24.989 132.000
-22.807 138.600
143.000 114.361 30 27 26 24
120.193
7FBÜK9FBÜK 10 12 -26.559 136.400 105.441
111.411
6 8FBÜK FBÜK11FBÜKFBÜK
11 13 14 -25.762 -23.512
16 -24.239 -22.123
134.200 140.800
138.600 145.200
108.438 117.288
114.361 28 26 25 23
123.077
7 10 12FBÜKKappe12 14 15 -24.989 -22.807
19 -23.512 -60.000 143.000
144.900 120.193 27 25 24 40
84.900
9FBÜK 136.400 111.411

• Maintenance program without

8 11FBÜK13FBÜKKappe
13 15 16 -24.239 -22.123
20 -22.807
140.800
-58.200 145.200 117.288
147.000 123.077 26 24 23 39
88.800
10FBÜK12FBÜK Kappe 19
138.600
-60.000 143.000 114.361
144.900 120.19384.900
9 11FBÜK 14 Kappe
14 16 21 -22.123 140.800
-23.512 -56.454 149.100
117.288 25 23 40 38
92.646
10 13FBÜK15KappeKappe
15 19 20 -22.807 -58.200
22 -60.000
145.200
-54.760 147.000 123.077
151.200 88.800 24 40 39 35
96.440
12FBÜK Kappe 143.000
144.900 120.19384.900

any restrictions
11 14 16KappeKappe
16 20 21 -22.123 -56.454
23 -58.200 -53.118 149.100
153.300 92.646 23 39 38 33
100.182
13FBÜK15Kappe
145.200
147.000 123.07788.800
12 14Kappe 17KappeKappe
Kappe 19 21 22 -60.000 -54.760
24 -56.454 -51.524
144.900 151.200
149.100 155.400
84.900
92.646
96.440 40 38 35 31
103.876
13 16 18KappeKappe
20 22 23 -58.200 -53.118
25 -54.760 -49.978 153.300
157.500 100.182 39 35 33 29
107.522
15Kappe
17Kappe
147.000
151.200 88.800
96.440
14 16Kappe 19Kappe21
Kappe Belag23 24 -56.454 -51.524
17 -53.118 -40.000
149.100 155.400
153.300 234.500
92.646 103.876
100.182 38 33 31 21
194.500
15 18 20Kappe Belag24 25 -49.978
18 -51.524 151.200
-38.800 157.500
238.000 107.522 35 31 29 19
199.200
17Kappe
19Kappe
22 -54.760 155.400 96.440
103.876
16 18Kappe 21Belag23
Kappe Belag25 17 -53.118 -40.000
19 -49.978 -37.636
153.300 234.500
157.500 241.500
100.182 194.500
107.522 33 29 21 18
203.864
17 20 22Belag24 Belag17 18 -51.524 -38.800
20 -40.000 -36.507 238.000
245.000 199.200 31 21 19 16
208.493
19Kappe
21Belag
155.400
234.500 103.876
194.500
18 20Kappe 23Belag25
Belag Belag18 19 -49.978 -37.636
21 -38.800 -35.412
157.500 241.500
238.000 248.500
107.522 203.864
199.200 29 19 18 14
213.088
19 22 24Belag Belag19 20 -36.507
22 -37.636 234.500
-34.349 245.000
252.000 208.493 21 18 16 12
217.651
21Belag
23Belag Belag
17
21
-40.000
-35.412 241.500 194.500
248.500 203.864
213.088
20 22Belag 25 Lager20
18 22 -36.507 238.000
-38.800 -90.000 280.800
199.200 19 16 14 22
190.800
21 24Belag
26Belag19
Lager21 22 -37.636 -34.349
23 -35.412
245.000
-87.300 252.000 208.493
284.700 217.651 18 14 12 20
197.400
23Belag Belag
25 27Lager20
241.500
248.500 203.864
213.088
22 24Belag Belag Lager22 22 -36.507 -90.000
24 -34.349 -84.681
245.000 280.800
252.000 288.600
208.493 190.800
217.651 16 12 22 17
203.919
23 26 28Lager21 Lager22 23 -35.412 -87.300
25 -90.000 -82.141 284.700
292.500 197.400 14 22 20 15
210.359
25Belag 248.500 213.088

Wanted:
24 27Lager
29Lager22
Lager23 24 -34.349 -84.681
26 -87.300
280.800
-79.676 288.600 190.800
296.400 203.919 12 20 17 13
216.724
26Belag
28Lager Lager 25
252.000
-82.141 284.700 217.651
292.500 197.400
210.359
25 27Lager 30
Lager K+B24
22 19 -84.681 280.800
-90.000 -87.636
288.600 579.600
190.800
203.919 22 17 15
491.964 7
26 29 31Lager23 K+B25 26 -87.300 -79.676
20 -82.141 -85.007 296.400
588.000 216.724 20 15 13
502.993 5
28Lager
30Lager
284.700
292.500 197.400
210.359

Optimised maintenance program

27 Lager 32 K+B24 K+B 19 -84.681
21 -87.636
-82.457
288.600 579.600
596.400
203.919 491.964
513.943
17 7 4
29 31Lager K+B 26 -79.676 296.400 216.724 13
28 30Lager 33 K+B19 20 -82.141
25 -85.007
22 -87.636 -79.983
292.500 588.000
604.800
210.359 502.993
524.817
15 5 3
29 32K+B
Lager 34 K+BK+B+F
26 21 -79.676
22 -82.457 579.600
-159.110
296.400 596.400 491.964
1.261.400
216.724 513.943
1.102.290
13
7 4 2
31 33K+B K+B 20 22 -85.007
-79.983 588.000
604.800 502.993
524.817 5 3

(budget, other constraints)

30 32K+B K+B35 K+L21
19 23 -82.457 579.600
-87.636 -130.418
596.400 512.460
491.964
513.943 382.042
7 4 10
31 34 K+B+F
36 K+L22 22 -159.110
24 -79.983 588.000
-126.5051.261.400
519.480 1.102.290
392.975 2 9
33K+B 35K+B
20 -85.007 604.800 502.993
524.817 5 3 10
32 34K+B K+B+F37K+L21 K+L 23 -82.457 -130.418
25-159.110 -122.710
596.400 512.460
526.500
513.943 382.042
403.790
4 8
33 K+B36 K+L22 22 24 -79.983 -126.5051.261.400
604.800 519.480 1.102.290
524.817 392.975 3 2 9
35 37K+L K+L38 F+K 23 16-130.418 -82.123 320.100 237.977 11
34 K+B+FK+L 22 24 25-159.110 -122.710 512.460526.500 382.042 403.790 2 10 8
36 39 F+K+B 16-126.5051.261.400
519.480 1.102.290
-122.123 624.800
392.975 502.677 9 6
35 38 40F+K 23 25 16-130.418 -82.123 320.100 237.977 10 11
37K+L K+L F+K+B+L 16-122.710 512.460
-212.123 382.042
526.500 1.467.200403.790 1.255.077 8 1
36 K+L39 F+K+B 24 16-126.505 -122.123
519.480 624.800
392.975 502.677 9 6
38 40F+K 16 16 -82.123 320.100 237.977 11
37 K+L F+K+B+L 25 -122.710 -212.123
526.500 1.467.200
403.790 1.255.077 8 1
39 F+K+B 16 -122.123 624.800 502.677 6
38 F+K
40 F+K+B+L 16 16 -82.123
-212.123 320.100
1.467.200 237.977
1.255.077 11 1
39 F+K+B 16 -122.123 624.800 502.677 6
40 F+K+B+L 16 -212.123 1.467.200 1.255.077 1

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 70/96
 Bridge Management System - Example

Scenarios:
Optimal network-wide condition level for a given budget
(Financial Scenario)
Minimum budget for a given network-wide condition level
(Quality Scenario)

Possible boundary Conditions:

 yearly budget restrictions
 minimum condition standard
 favour structures with large traffic
 favour combination of measures within a line
 exceptional measures can be added manual

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 71/96
 Bridge Management System - Example
Zusammenfassung der BMS-Ergebnisse
Analysegruppe: Bundesautobahn Szenario: Q-2004-023
Optimierungsverfahren: Qualitätsszenario
Mio. € €-% Maßnahmenverteilung €-%
15,0 100 Maßnahm enverteilung 100
Planungszeitraum
eingesetzt verfügbar 90 90
Korrosionsschutz,
80 Stahlbauarbeiten 80
Betonarbeiten
70 70
10,0
60 Ersatzneubau 60

50 50
Schutzplanken, Geländer
40 40
5,0 Lager, Fahrbahnübergänge
30 30

20 Fahrbahnbel. m. Abdichtungen 20

10 10
Sonstige Baumaßnahmen
0,0 0
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
Jahr alle Jahre Jahr

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 72/96
 Bridge Management System - Example

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 73/96
 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 74/96
 Extreme Weather

RIMAROCC – Methodology

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Analysis of Risk Risk Risk Risk Implemen- Surveillance
Boundary Identifi- Analysis Assess- Reduction tation of and
Conditions cation ment Measures Evaluation

Feedback

Need for Action Options for Action

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 75/96
 Extreme Weather – Example Concrete Frame

Load case: positive temperature gradient (DIN FB 101-2009) and relevant

characteristic values from regional climate projection (REMO)

DIN FB 101 REMO

Temperature (constant and linear)

 Increase of the max. bending moment and the edge stresses by 7.5%
compared to DIN FB 101
 Increase of max. bending moment and edge stress by 24% compared to
DIN 1072:1967 (durability)

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 76/96
 Extreme Weather - Conclusions

Temperature
 Design of bridge bearings
 Design of integral bridges and groups of fixed bridge piers
 Fatigue considerations

Wind
 Effects of second order for high bridges
 Reductions according to DIN FB as well as National Annexes have
to be reassessed
 Bridges designed according to DIN 1072, 1967 have significant
deficits in all respects

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 77/96
 Extreme Weather – IT-System

2040: Number of days with more than 20 mm/h Road sections with qn <= 0,1 >20mm/h

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 78/96
 Extreme Weather – IT-System

Bridges longer than 50 m with an longitudinal gradient of more than 5%

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 79/96
 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Bridge Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity of existing bridges
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 80/96
 Simulation of large Fires on and under Bridges

Fire on Bridges
• Suspension Bridge, suspended deck arch bridge

Fire under Bridges

• Concrete, prestressed concrete, steel and
composite bridges with slab, beam or box girder
cross sections

Fire Scenarios:
• Tank truck with petrol: 20 kg/s release rate
• Tank truck with petrol: 300 kg/s release rate

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 81/96
 Tank Truck (28t Petrol)

Fires on Bridges (suspended deck arch bridge)

Burning liquid
Abbrennende Drained liquid
Abfließende
[kg] an [%]
Flüssigkeitsme [kg] an [%]
Flüssigkeitsme
Bezeichnung
nge in kg und nge in kg und
% %

Kuppe300G1 1.400 / 5% 26.600/ 95%

Kuppe 300G2 1.700 / 6% 26.300 / 94%

Kuppe20,6G1 5.000 / 18% 23.000 / 82%

Kuppe20,6G2 6.500 / 23% 21.500 / 77%

Neigung300G1 2.000 / 7% 26.000 / 93%

Neigung300G2 2.500 / 9% 25.500 / 91%

Neigung20,6G1 6.500 / 23% 21.500 / 77%

Neigung20,6G2 7.800 / 28% 20.200 / 72%

Aq Drainage Cross Section

Ao Surface
v Streaming
L Length of the Bridge
n Number of Draines

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 82/96
 Tank Truck (28t Petrol)

Fires under Bridges

Pool fire geometry and size

depend on:

 Terrain topology
 Design of Embankment
 Roadway slope
 Location of release

Released petrol may continue to burn in open drainages outside the bridge area
-> no effect on bridge structure

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 83/96
 Conclusions

 Major Fires under bridges have similar characteristics as tunnel fires

 Very high temperatures/steep temperature increases

 Comparable to ZTV-ING-temperature-time-curve
 Even relatively “small” fires result in temperatures >1.000 ºC (large
scale test) and large areas with concrete spalling

 Major Fires on Bridges lead to lower temperature loads

 factorized ZTV-ING-temperature-time-curves
 Load carrying members mostly thin walled steel. Therefore, possibly
endangered

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 84/96
 Threads for Road Tunnels

Wind
Flooding

Explosion

Contamination

Fire

Earthquake
Landslides

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 85/96
 Explosions

High Speed dynamic Effects - Shield Tunnel under Blast Exposure

Soil

Tunnel

Local Failures

Global Failure

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 86/96
 Explosions

Tunnel model tests

Charge Distance Distance

W (kg) R1 (m) R2 (m)

Original 100 0,5 4,0

Model 0,34 0,075* 0,6

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 87/96
 Explosions

Tunnel model tests – Numerical simulations

Decke

19,5
1
1
Wand 2
Wand 1

128
16,5

Boden Tunnel
15 12
178 Soil, Bedding
Slab Maximum damage,
Deformation in slab center
+→

Concrete
- ← Schädigung

Damage
area

Reinforcement
Reinforcement layout

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 88/96
 Conclusions for Bridges and Tunnels

 No protection measures for large explosive charges

 Small explosive charges are in general not critical for bridges and
tunnels

 Where these charges are critical, protection measures are possible

 Access prevention for box girders
 Distance, linings for bridge cables
 Protection layers with energy absorbing and ductile materials
 Assessment of soil bedding

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 89/96
 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Bridge Management
 Inventory
 Inspection
 Load bearing capacity of existing bridges
 Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Explosions
 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 90/96
 Road in the 21st Century

Federal Secretary of Transport:

“Efficient, safe and reliable transport

infrastructure is a basis for growth and
employment.
Road is more than concrete or asphalt.
With innovative techniques and
materials congestion and accidents can
be reduced, noise and emissions lowered,
and even energy could be produced. With
our research program, we give the road a
push of innovation.
This leads to a benefit for everybody:
Road users, residents, economy and
environment.„

www.bmvbs.de

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 91/96
 Programmatic Key Aspects “Road in the 21st Century”
Safe and reliable
− Service Levels
− Climate Change
− Safety/Security

Intelligent
− Materials/Construction
− Alignment/Design
− IT Systems

Energy saving and delivering

− Kinetic Energy/Energy harvesting
− Photovoltaics, Thermovoltaics
− Geothermal energy
− Network Road

Low emission
− Low Noise
− Retention and reduction of emissions
− Emissions Vehicles/Road

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 92/96
 Programmatic Key Aspects “Road in the 21st Century”
Part of the habitat
− Roads and Landscape
− Road and urban Environment
− Road and aging Society

Sustainable
− Closed loop recycling
− Lifecycle Management
− Maintenance-/Asset-Management

Carrier for innovation

− Boundary conditions
− Funding instruments
− From innovation into practice (pilot applications)

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 93/96
 Outline

 Introduction
 Challenges
 Bridge Management
 Bridge Inventory
 Bridge Inspection
 Load bearing capacity of existing bridges
 Bridge Management System

 Extreme Weather
 Large Accidents and Incidents (security)

 Innovation
 Summary and Conclusions

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 94/96
 Summary and Conclusions

 Aging Infrastructure contributes to reduced availability

 Aging infrastructure can lead to additional risks

 Regular inspections and assessments together with a risk management

approach are indispensable

 Effects from extreme weather (Climate Change) are to be taken into account
in long term infrastructure management

 Upgrading and/or replacement are to be planned with regard to the criticality

of infrastructure objects (network level)

Holistic Management of Road Infrastructure

(lifecycle and risk based)

J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 95/96
 Thank You very much for your kind attention!

Additional information:
www.bast.de

Contact:
J. Krieger, 56° Congresso Brasileiro do Concreto, Natal October 7-10, 2014 krieger@bast.de 96/96