Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENI Casing Attachments
ENI Casing Attachments
1. INTRODUCTION
The casing is simply a pipe which is run into the borehole and cemented but, to allow
correct and safe cementing, it is necessary to fix special attachments to its outer surface.
CASING ATTACHMENTS are needed to keep the cement in place, to prevent problems
from arising and to solve others, to clean the borehole wall of the filter, to favour turbulent
flow etc.
CASING SHOE
¾ CASING COLLAR
¾ MULTIPLE STAGE CEMENTER
¾ CEMENT BASKET
¾ CENTRALIZERS
¾ WALL CLEANERS
old casing
casing to be cemented
cement basket
centralizers
open hole wall
collar
casing shoe
(FLOAT SHOE)
¾ The shoe is the tool applied at the first joint of casing run into the hole and it is therefore
the deepest piece of the casing itself.
¾ It has the same outside dimensions (OD) as the casing
¾ It is available with a fluid passage diameter of between 2.5 inches and more than 4
inches.
¾ It has a cast iron sleeve and a concrete core
¾ Inside the flow passage there is a check valve (float) to ensure that the fluid flows from top
to bottom and not vice versa. This means that the slurry, after leaving the shoe and
displacing in the annulus, cannot flow back into the casing.
one-way flow
concrete core
check valve
check valve
Jeys directed
downwards
No check valve
(FLOAT COLLAR)
¾ The collar is the tool applied 2 or even 3 joints (pipes) above the shoe; the section between the
shoe and the collar is called the SHOE JOINT.
¾ Like the shoe, the collar can be fitted with a check valve but this is not always required. Indeed
for less important jobs, even the collar may not be needed.
¾ The collar is the tool on which the bottom and top plugs “land”; while the bottom plug when in
place breaks open and lets the fluid above it flow through, the top plug completely blocks the
flow. Therefore, at the end of the cementing job, the flow is interrupted in both directions inside
the casing by the shoe and in the annulus by the floats.
(FLOAT COLLAR)
check valve
They generally remain stationary and fit tightly to the casing collar, but when there is no
collar they fit tightly to the shoe.
When in place the top plug blocks the downward flow of the fluids; i.e. it is not possible to
pump liquid below this point.
CEMENTING HEAD
the head.
casing
casing
collar
..there is no
casing shoe,
but there
should be
bottom plug
casing
collar
During the first stage the cement is pumped into the annuls from the casing up to
the MSC, while in the second stage the cement is pumped from the MSC up.
This is useful when large quantities of slurries are involved or when there are
circulation loss zones.
Each stage is a cementing job in its own right, with one or more plugs, often two
slurries and so on.
There are many types of MSC, some are suited to vertical wells, others to highly
deviated or horizontal wells. Some work with plugs, others work with pressure.
single first
stage plug
2° STAGE PLUGS
CEMENT BASKET
CENTRALIZERS
Formation
Standoff =
Mud C
B
______ X 100
A
C (A-B):2
Casing
UNCASED BOREHOLE
WALL CLEANER