APA referencing

Lesson objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to
• Distinguish APA with other referencing styles;
• Identify basic features of APA referencing style;
• Cite while writing;
• Create a reference list; and
• Using resources to support citing and referencing.
 What makes the following references different?
A. [1] R. M. Sapolsky, Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. New York:
Penguin Press, 2017. IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
B. Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin
Press. APA (American Psychological Association)

C. Sapolsky, Robert. Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Press,
2017. MLA (Modern Language Association)
D. Robert M. Sapolsky, Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst (Penguin Press:
New York, 2017), p. 8. Chicago (Documentary note style )
E. Sapolsky, R. M. (2017) Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. New York:
Penguin Press. Harvard
 What style should I use?
Humanities: English,
Art History, Philosophy, Social Sciences,
History, or the Physical, Natural, or
Music, Religion, Education,
Humanities Social Sciences
Language, Linguistics, Engineering, etc.
Etc.

Try: Chicago Author-

Try: APA Try: Documentary note
Try: MLA Date
APA style uses style (Chicago Notes &
MLA style uses Chicago author-date
parenthetical in-text Bibliography)
parenthetical in-text utilizes parenthetical
citations and a Chicago notes utilizes
citations and a "Works in-text citations and a
"References" list at the footnotes and
Cited" list at the end of references or works
end of the paper to link endnotes to link text to
a paper to link sources cited list at the end,
sources sources.
similar to the APA style.
 APA referencing
Cite while writing

Quoting

Concrete words (e.g., dog, foot), considered to be high in terms of their

semantic richness, have "direct sensory referents and, typically, easily
accessible images" (Schwanenflugel & Akin, 1994, p. 251).
 According to Vygotsky (1978), language is
Paraphrasing/ summarizing
a tool external to the self and used for
social interaction, and the learner
actively constructs knowledge via these
interactions rather than through
passively receiving information.

Knowledge is at first constructed

collaboratively with others in a social
context and then acquired by individuals
(Von Glasersfeld, 1990).

Words differ in terms of the amount of semantic

richness they possess (Di Vesta & Walls, 1970;
Paivio, 1968; Paivio, Yuille, & Madigan, 1968).
Task 1: Identify writing and referencing mistakes in the following extract

1. Stress is inevitable but it can be managed with several different ways. These days,
there are a wide variety of methods helping us manage the stress and anxiety in modern
life. One of effective methods is meditation. Meditation has been around for thousands of
years, especially in the Eastern part of the world like India, China, and Japan...and has
spread to the Western countries in early 1970s. Currently, there are more and more
people in the world practicing meditation owing to its effectiveness and simplification.
Recognizing the significance of aformentioned topic, research on the relationship between
meditation and stress reduction of UTE students is conduted in order to help UTE students
have a comprehensive undestanding about meditation and apply it in managing stress and
pressures in studying as well as in daily life. The study will focus on the following
question…
2. To identify the impact of e-commerce and social media on the commodities
trading industry and to demonstrate how the correlation between them affects the
merchandising sector, I examined two journal articles which are The Future
Development of E-commerce in Tiktok (hereinafter referred as study A) by Jianyu
Ma and Siwei Yu, which was conducted in 2021 at University of Toronto
Scarborough Campus, Canada and Lu He International Academy, Beijing, China
(Ma & Yu, 2021). The second article's title is On the factors affecting the
development of e-commerce in Vietnam: Case study of Lazada, Shopee, and Tiki
(hereinafter referred as study B) which was undertaken by Thanh-Tuyen Tran at
Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai, Vietnam in 2019 (Tran, 2019). In this
paper, I will evaluate the similarities and differences between the two journal
articles.
References 1. No numbering for reference

• Books entries
• Journal articles 2. Alphabetical order of author’s
• Conference papers
names
• Thesis
• Websites 3. Consistency between in-text
citation and the reference list
 APA referencing
Reference list

Books

Ballard, K. (2001). The frameworks of English: Introducing language

structures. Palgrave.
Journal articles

Ford, D. K. & Guidry, B. (2009). Accessing and citing in-press journal of

management articles: The role of Online First and the Digital Object Identifier.
Journal of Management, 35, 197-198. doi: 10.1177/0149206309333552
Task 2: Identify mistakes in the following reference list
Carlson, J. S., Burn, B. B., Useem, J., & Yachimowicz, D. (1990). Study abroad: The experience of American
undergraduates. Greenwood Press.
Opper, S., Teichler, U., & Carlson, J. S. (1990). Impacts of study abroad programmes on students and
graduates: Higher Education Policy Series 11, (2). London: Kingsley.
Dolby, Nadine. (2007). Reflections on nation: American undergraduates and education abroad. Journal of
Studies in International Education 11, 2(141–56).
Zemach-Bersin, Talya. (2008). American students abroad can’t be ‘Global Citizens’. The Chronicle of Higher
Education. http://chronicle.com/weekly/v54/i26/26a03401.htm (accessed August 14, 2009).
Knight, Jane. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches and rationales. Journal of
Studies in International Education, Spring(5–31).
Knight, Jane. (2000). Progress and promise: The 2000 AUCC report on internationalization at Canadian
universities. Ottawa: AUCC.
Knight, Jane. (2008). Internationalization: A decade of changes and challenges. International Higher
Education, 50(6–7).
Trilokekar, Roopa D., and Adrian S. (2009). North of 49: Global Citizenship à la Canadienne. In Introduction
to handbook of practice and research in study abroad, ed. Ross Lewin, 191–211. New York, NY: Routledge.
Supports
- Manual

- Guidelines

- APA interactive

- The journal

- Endnote