2020 JC2 H2 Chemistry

March Common Test

Section B (Structured Questions): Answers

1 (a) • Stage 1: Elimination [1]

Stage 2: Electrophilic addition

(b) • alcohol A: • alkene B: [2]

H CH3

CH3 H

(c) Molecular formula of B is C5H10, Mr = 70.0 [2]

No. of moles of B = 10/70 = 0.143 mol
• No. of moles of A = 100/80 x 0.143 = 0.179 mol

mass of A = 0.179 x 88 = 15.8 g

• Volume of A = 15.8 / 0.81 = 19.5 cm3

(d) [1]
H H

H H
•

(d) (i) • To reduce or eliminate the evaporation of bromine which is toxic

(ii) • Decolourisation of reddish brown bromine. (The aqueous layer turns
orange in the presence of excess bromine.)
• The organic layer changes from upper layer to lower layer in the reaction
flask.
(iii) • The intermediate alkene (propene) is a gas and cannot be collected as a
distillate at room temperature.
[Total: 10]
2 (a) (i) Rate [1]
k= +
[CH3 COCH3 ][H ]
1.92×10-5
=
0.20×0.20
= 4.80  10–4 mol–1 dm3 s–1 [1] with correct units

(ii) [1]
[I2] / moldm-3

0.008

Linear graph with

- axes (BOD units)
- initial concentration of I2 of 0.008
Time/s
(iii) [1]
There will be no change to the rate of reaction as halogen (or chlorine or
bromine) is not involved in the rate determining step/slow step.
OR
There will be no change to the rate of reaction as the reaction is zero
order w.r.t. the halogen.

(b) (i) ✓Comparing experiments 1 and 2: [3]

When [Q] increases 1.25 times, rate increases 1.25 times
⇒ rate  [Q], reaction is first order w.r.t. Q.

✓Comparing experiments 1 and 3:

When [propanone] increases 2 times, rate increases 2 times.
⇒ rate  [propaonone], reaction is first order w.r.t. propanone.

✓Comparing experiments 2 and 4:

(0.200)(0.100) n 5.28  10 −5 2 4
= −5
⇒ 2  ( )n =
(0.100)(0.150) n
3.96  10 3 3

Hence, n = 1, or reaction is first order w.r.t. OH−

(Note to marker: for the above points, 3 ticks = 2m; 2 ticks = 1m)
• Rate = k [Q][propanone][OH–] ecf

(ii) Step B is the slow step.

Rate equation for slow step:
Rate = k[ ][propanone] = k[Q][OH–][propanone] no ecf
(c) (i) Name of mechanism : Nucleophilic addition [1] [3]

o Dipoles
o Arrow from lone pair on C of nucleophile to carbonyl C atom
o Slow
o Correct intermediate

fast

o Arrow from lone pair and bond shown clearly and to correct atom
o Balanced equation

NOTE: All the steps must add up to overall equation

(ii) [1] for enantiomers; include drawing of mirror plane. BOD solid line [2]
for mirror plane and never put asterisk on chiral carbon

* *

––R =
The nucleophile can approach the trigonal planar carbonyl carbon ( or
sp2 hybridised carbonyl C atom) from the top or bottom of the plane
with equal probability to give the two enantiomers in equal amounts
OR ……to give a racemic mixture. [1]
[Total: 12]
NOT assessed in 2022 MCT
3 (a) (i) (𝑷𝑪𝑯𝟑 𝑶𝑯 )
• Kp = atm–2 [1] with units
(𝑷𝒄𝒐 )(𝑷𝑯𝟐 )𝟐
(ii) • Initial PCO = 1/3 x 6 = 2 atm
Initial PH2 = 2/3 x 6 = 4 atm
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)
initial P/ atm 2 4 0
change in P/ atm –1.6 –3.2 +1.6
eqm P/ atm 0.4 0.8 1.6
1.6
Kp = 2
(0.4) (0.8)
• Kp = 6.25 atm–2 do not penalise unit
(iii) • Reactor A has a larger volume. Award independently

CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)

3 mol gas 1 mol gas

• When volume is larger, pressure is lower. By Le Chatelier’s Principle, the
position of equilibrium will shift to the left to increase the number of moles
of gaseous molecules to increase pressure, and percentage of methanol will
be smaller.

(b) (i) PV = nRT

2.3 × 103 Use correct units for ideal gas
P (2.5 x 10–3) = (8.31) (25 + 273) equation: P in Pa; V in m3; T in K
44.0
• Pressure exerted = 5.18 x 107 Pa
(ii) density, 
25 oC

40 oC

pressure, P
mass
(working not required: PV = nRT = Mr
RT
mass RT RT
P = V Mr
= 𝜌 Mr
Mr
𝜌 = RT
P  “y = mx” graph
Mr
For a plot of 𝜌 against P, RT
is the gradient. When T is higher, gradient is smaller.)
[2]

(iii) • CH3CH2NH2 would exert a smaller pressure inside the cylinder.

Award mark independently

• The hydrogen bonds between CH3CH2NH2 molecules are stronger / more

significant than the instantaneous dipole – induced dipole interactions
between CO2 molecules. (BOD in CO2)Hence, CH3CH2NH2 molecules collide
with the walls of the cylinder with less force, resulting in a lower pressure.
[Total: 10]
4 (a) • Z ( a phenylamine) is a weaker base than 1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanamine ( an
aliphatic amine).

• The lone pair of electrons on N atom of Z (or phenylamine) can be delocalised

into the benzene ring and thus making the lone pair less available for dative
bonding for a proton.

In1-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethanamine, the electron-donating R group increases the electron

density on the N atom hence the lone pair on N is more available for dative bonding with
a H+. Also, there is no delocalisation of the lone pair on N into the benzene ring.
(b) • (CH3)2COCl, room temperature

(c)

(d) (i)
• Test: Add NaOH(aq) and heat to each compound separately.
Add Br2(aq) after cooling.
• Observation: The test-tube containing M will decolourise orange aqueous
bromine with the formation of a white precipitate. Orange aqueous bromine
remains/ no decolourisation for test tube containing N.
Accept no visible or observable change; but reject no reaction.

NHCOCH2CH3 NH 2

H3C H3C

+ NaOH(aq) + CH3CH2COO-Na+

CH3 CH3

NH 2 NH 2

H3C H3C Br

+ Br2(aq) + HBr

CH3 CH3