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RESUME PHYSICS GROUP 1-4

SATRIA MANDALA PUTRA

J011221096

FACULTY OF DENTISTRY
HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY

Group 1

 THERMOPHYSICS
 Thermophysics is the same as thermodynamics: Etymologically,
thermodynamics itself comes from two words, namely thermos which means heat and
dynamics which means change. Terminologically, thermophysics is the science that
studies and explains the behavior of substances under the influence of heat and the
accompanying changes.

 TEMPERATURE AND THERMOMETER

Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is.
A thermometer is a tool used to measure which is expressed in numbers

 TYPE OF THERMOMETER

1. Mercury/alcohol thermometer
2. Resistance thermometer (thermistor thermistor)
3. Thermometer element (thermocouple)
4. Optical thermometer
5.Fixed volume gas thermometer

 LONG EXPANSION
OBJECT EXPANSION
DRAFT

The change in length due to heating is proportional to the length before heating and is
proportional to the change in temperature due to heating.

 EXPANSION

The area of expansion is the increase in the area of an object due to an increase in temperature
and occurs in large and thin objects.

 VOLUME EXPANSION

Volume expansion is the increase in the size of the volume of an object due to receiving heat.
Volume expansion occurs in objects that have length, width, and thickness.

 HOT

Heat is heat energy received or released by an object so that the temperature of the object
increases or decreases or can change its form. Example: Heated ice will receive heat so that its
temperature rises and can change into water.

 FAHRENHEIT SCALE
In 1714, a German scientist named Daniel George Fahrenheit made a thermometer that was
initially filled with alcohol and then replaced with mercury. By modern definition, the
Fahrenheit scale is the scale in which the temperature of boiling water is set at 212 degrees
and the temperature of melting ice at 32 degrees.

 CELCIUS SCALE

A Swedish Professor named Ander Celsius also made a thermometer, this thermometer uses
the lower fixed point is the temperature of the melting ice of O degrees Celsius, and the upper
fixed point is the boiling water temperature of 100 degrees Celsius. KELVIN SCALE
Basically the Kelvin scale is the same as the Celsius scale (one hundredth). It's just that the
Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero (OK) which is 273.15 degrees Celsius. So the melting
temperature of ice equals 273.15K and boiling water equals 373.15 K

 REAMUR SCALE

The Reamur scale was discovered by Antoine Ferchault de Reamur in 1730. This Reamur scale
has units of Reamur degrees. On this scale, the temperature for boiling water is 80 degrees
Reamur, and the temperature for freezing water is O degrees Reamur.

GROUP 2
 Exothermic and Endothermic
Endothermic is the reaction that occurs when the system absorbs heat
Exothermic is the reaction that occurs when the system releases heat
as an example

Thermo physics comes from two words, namely thermos which means heat and dynamic
which means change
thermos physics is the field that studies and explains the properties of a substance under the
influence of heat and the changes that occur with heat.

Temperature and Thermometer

temperature: measurement of the hotness and coldness of a particular object.

A thermometer is an instrument used to measure temperature in the form of numbers.
 unit of measurement:
 Celsius
 Reamur
 Fahrenheit
 kelvin

thermos meter type

 using alcohol or mercury
 Transistor thermometer
 thermocouple
 Optical thermometer
 gas thermometer

Expansion concept
The change in length due to heating is proportional to the length before heating and is
proportional to the change in temperature due to heating.

Formula:

Lo: initial length

Delta T: temperature change
Delta L: change due to
heating
Alpha: Coefficient of long expansion

Volume expansion is the volume expansion caused by heat that occurs in thin and wide objects
Formula:

A: final width(m)
Ao: starting Width(m)
Alpha: coefficient of long expansion
(Celsius) Delta T: temperature change
Formula 02 :

V: final volume
Vo: initial volume

Click: is heat energy received or released from an object that causes an increase or
decrease in temperature and can change the state of an object
 Chloride equation:
Q: accept Chloric or release
chlorine m: mass of object
c. Specific heat of an object
delta t: change in temperature of an object
elta t: change in temperature of an object

Heat transfer and heat conductivity

Quality heat can transfer heat in three ways:
 Convection
 Radiation
 Conduction

Energy conservation in the body

"changes in energy stored in the body in the form of food, energy, body fat, body heat"
Heat released by the body - work done by the body

Thermophysics Medical Use

Thermometric and Temperature

Scale

Thermometric: properties that occur due to changes in temperature

Volume, Color, Density, electrical resistance, Electromotive force, light intensity, pressure.

Temperature scale:

• Celsius
• Fahrenheit
• Reamur
• Kelvin

Body Temperature
Regulation Body
Temperature
Is a Physiological Process
It is a balance between making heat and losing heat. Where the temperature remains
constant even though the ambient temperature changes.
The process of creating heat and losing heat in the body is controlled by the central nervous
system which controls metabolism, blood circulation, respiration, and muscle contraction.
Body activity during temperature changes in certain
areas:
 Cold :
increased heat production
 Shaking
 Hunger
Loss of
heat
 Narrowing of blood vessels
 skin wrinkles

Hot :
heat loss increases
 Sweating
 increase in appetite
decreased heat production
 Decreased appetite

GROUP 3

GEOMETRY OPTICS
Studying the properties or characters of light propagation
in medium
• Optics as a branch of physics that utilizes waves
electromagnet. In the health sector, the use of the light spectrum; such as laser light,
ultraviolet (UV) to infrared have become very advanced in the field of diagnosis and
therapy, especially in their application in the field of spectroscopy, which is growing
rapidly.
 optics is generally divided into two parts:
a. Geometric optics: studying the properties or characteristics of light propagation in
a medium, for example; reflection (reflection), refraction (refraction), forwarding
(transmission) and propagation (propagation) of light on optical instruments.
b. Physical optics: studies about the physical state and behavior of light as a wave,
for
example in the event of interference, diffraction, dispersion, polarization and ideas
about
the nature of light.
Reflection
If a light wave falls on a plane mirror surface, then some of the light will be reflected.
The reflected light can be observed by the eye because the mirror that reflects the
light can form an image. Shadow of the object formed, is symmetrical to the position
of the object from the mirror. If the position of the object is positive, then the position
of the image is negative and vice versa if the position of the object is negative, the
position of the image is positive.
 Refraction and Lens
The lens is an optical object that is limited by a curved plane or one curved plane
and one plane. When a light beam falls on one surface, the light will be refracted out
of the other surface. By itself the lens will form an image of the beam. in general,
lenses are classified
into two types, namely:
- Convex lenses (+)
- Lens focal point
- Concave lens

 Visual Impairment
- Myopia
- Hyperopia
- Astigmatism

GROUP 4

 Electricity Definition
Electricity is a physical phenomenon related to the flow of electrons from atoms
caused by friction or a chemical process which then produces electricity.
In short, electricity is the flow of charge between protons (positive charge) and
electrons (negative charge) flowing in a conductor (conductor) in a circuit.

 Static electricity
Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges in or on the surface of objects.
Meanwhile, the electric charge remains until it is lost because it is released.
In short, static electricity is electricity with a charge at rest or static.

 WHAT IS COULOMB'S LAW?

Coulomb's law was discovered by a French physicist named Charles Augustin de
Coulombs. Coulomb's law is a law that describes the relationship between two electric
charges.
Coulomb's law states that, "The interaction of like electric charges will repel, while
different kinds of charges will attract."

 What is an Electric Field?

The electric field is the area around an electrically charged particle that is still
influenced by an electric force (Coulomb force).
A charge can emit an electric field.
Positive charge-> the direction of the electric field moving out of the source charge.
Negative charge-> move inward.

 STRONG ELECTRIC CURRENT

What is electric current?
The electric current is the amount of electric charge that flows every second through
a conductor.

 ELECTRICAL POWER
The amount of electrical energy that flows or is absorbed in a circuit or electrical
circuit every second.
The amount of work that is useful for moving charge per unit time or the amount of
electrical energy used every second.

Sources of electrical energy are objects that can generate an electric current.
SOME EXAMPLES OF ELECTRICITY SOURCES
1. STONE BATTERY OR DRY ELEMENT 2. ACCUMULATOR
3. DYNAMO
4. GENERATOR