University of Benghazi

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

Numerical Analysis CE 501

Home Work No.5
Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations

Submitted to:
Prof. Salem Alsanusi
20, Nov, 2022

Prepared by:
Bashir A. El-Saadawi
 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q1) Using Bisection method find the smallest positive root of x3 – x – 4 = 0 which is correct to
two decimal places.
● Solution:
𝑓 1 1 1 4 4
𝑓 2 2 2 4 2
A root of f (x) = x3 – x – 4 = 0 lies in between 1 and 2.
1 2
𝑥 1.5
2
𝑓 1.5 1.5 1.5 4 2.125
the root lies in between 1.5 and 2.
1.5 2
𝑥 1.75
2
𝑓 1.75 1.75 1.75 4 0.390625
the root lies in between 1.75 and 2.
1.75 2
𝑥 1.875
2
⋮
𝑥 1.8125
𝑥 1.78125
𝑥 1.796875

the required root correct to two decimal places is, x = 1.80.

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q2) Obtain a root correct to three decimal places of x3 – 18 = 0, using Bisection Method.
● Solution:
𝑓 3 3 18 9
𝑓 2.5 2.5 18 2
A root of f (x) = x3 – 18 = 0 lies in between 2.5 and 3.
2.5 3
𝑥 2.75
2
𝑓 2.75 2.75 18 2.796875
the root lies in between 2.5 and 2.75.

𝑥 2.625
⋮
𝑥 2.5625
𝑥 2.59375
𝑥 2.609375
𝑥 2.6171875
𝑥 2.61059375

the required root correct to three decimal places is, x = 2.621.

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q3) Find a root of the equation xex – 1 = 0 which lies in (0, 1), using Bisection Method.
● Solution:
𝑓 0 0 𝑒 1 1
𝑓 1 1 𝑒 1 1.718
0 1
𝑥 0.5
2
.
𝑓 0.5 0.5 𝑒 1 0.175
the root lies in between 0.5 and 1.

𝑥 0.75
⋮
𝑥 0.625
𝑥 0.5625
𝑥 0.59375
𝑥 0.578125
𝑥 0.5703125
𝑥 0.56640625
𝑥 0.568359375
𝑥 0.5673828125

the required root correct to three decimal places is, x = 0.567.

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q4) Using Method of False position, obtain a root of x3 +x2 + x + 7 = 0, correct to three decimal
places.
● Solution:
𝑓 2 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 3 14
the root lies in between -2 and -3.
Take a = -2 and b = -3
𝑎𝑓 𝑏 𝑏𝑓 𝑎 2 14 3 1
𝑥 2.066666667
𝑓 𝑏 𝑓 𝑎 14 1
𝑓 2.066666667 0.377481481

the root lies in between -2.066666667 and -3.

Take a = -2.066666667 and b = -3
2.066666667 14 3 0.377481481
𝑥 2.091171379
14 0.377481481

𝑓 2.091171379 0.13713865

the root lies in between -2.091171379 and -3.

Take a = -2.091171379 and b = -3
𝑥 2.099987557

⋮
𝑥 2.103134581

𝑥 2.104254777

𝑥 2.104653115

𝑥 2.104794711

the required root correct to three decimal places is, x = -2.105.

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q5) Find the root of x3 – 2x2 + 3x – 5 = 0, which lies between 1 and 2, using Regula False
method.
● Solution:
𝑓 1 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 2 1
the root lies in between 1 and 2.
Take a = 1 and b = 2
𝑎𝑓 𝑏 𝑏𝑓 𝑎 1 1 2 3
𝑥 1.75
𝑓 𝑏 𝑓 𝑎 1 3
𝑓 1.75 0.515625

the root lies in between 1.75 and 2.

Take a = 1.75 and b = 2
1.75 1 0.51563 2
𝑥 1.835051546
1 0.51563

𝑓 1.835051546 0.050295122

𝑥 1.842950376

⋮
𝑥 1.843663675

𝑥 1.84372792

𝑥 1.843733705

the required root correct to four decimal places is, x = 1.8437.

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q6) Compute the real root of x log x – 1.2 = 0, by the Method of False position.
● Solution:
𝑓 2 0.59794 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 3 0.231364

the root lies in between 2 and 3.

Take a = 2 and b = 3
𝑎𝑓 𝑏 𝑏𝑓 𝑎 2 0.231364 3 0.59794
𝑥 2.721014456
𝑓 𝑏 𝑓 𝑎 0.231364 0.59794

𝑓 2.721014456 0.017091075

the root lies in between 2.721014456 and 3.

Take a = 2.721014456 and b = 3
2.721014456 0.231364 3 0.017091075
𝑥 2.740205722
0.231364 0.017091075

𝑓 2.740205722 0.000384056

𝑥 2.740636257

𝑥 2.740645876

𝑥 2.740646091

the required root correct to three decimal places is, x = 2.740.

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q7) Find the root of the equation cos x – x e x = 0, correct to four decimal places by Method of
False position
● Solution:
𝑓 0 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 1 2.17798

the root lies in between 0 and 1.

Take a = 0 and b = 1
𝑎𝑓 𝑏 𝑏𝑓 𝑎 0 2.17798 1 1
𝑥 0.314665338
𝑓 𝑏 𝑓 𝑎 2.17798 1

𝑓 0.314665338 0.519871174

the root lies in between 2.721014456 and 3.

Take a = 0.314665338 and b = 1
0.314665338 2.17798 1 0.519871
𝑥 0.446728145
2.17798 0.519871

𝑓 0.446728145 0.203544778

𝑥 0.494015337

⋮
𝑥 0.50994614

𝑥 0.51520101

𝑥 0.51692221

𝑥 0.517484677

𝑥 0.517668345

𝑥 0.517728305

𝑥 0.517747878

𝑥 0.517754267

𝑥 0.517756353

the required root correct to three decimal places is, x = 0.5178.

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q12) Find a root of x4 – x – 10 = 0 by Newton – Raphson Method.
● Solution:
𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 – 𝑥 – 10
𝑓′ 𝑥 4𝑥 – 1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 1
𝑓 1 1 – 1 – 10 10
𝑓 1 4 1 –1 3
𝑓 𝑥 10
𝑥 𝑥 1 4.333333
𝑓 𝑥 3
𝑓 4.333333 4.333333 – 4.333333 – 10 338.2716

𝑓 4.333333 4 4.333333 –1 324.4815

𝑓 𝑥 338.2716
𝑥 𝑥 4.333333 3.290834
𝑓 𝑥 324.4815

𝑥 2.556206

⋮
𝑥 2.098236

𝑥 1.895609

𝑥 1.856882

𝑥 1.855586

𝑥 1.855585

the required root correct to three decimal places is, x = 1.856.

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q13) Find a real root of x – cos x = 0 by Newton – Raphson Method.
● Solution:
𝑓 𝑥 𝑥 – 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 1 sin 𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 1
𝑓 1 0.459698

𝑓 1 1.841471

𝑓 𝑥 0.459698
𝑥 𝑥 1 0.750364
𝑓 𝑥 1.841471

𝑓 0.750364 0.018923

𝑓 0.750364 1.681905

𝑓 𝑥 0.018923
𝑥 𝑥 0.750364 0.739113
𝑓 𝑥 1.681905

𝑥 0.739085

the required root correct to three decimal places is, x = 0.739

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q14) Find a root of 2x – 3 sin x – 5= 0 by Newton – Raphson Method.
● Solution:
𝑓 𝑥 2𝑥 – 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 – 5
𝑓 𝑥 2 3 cos 𝑥
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 2
𝑓 2 3.72789

𝑓 2 3.248441

𝑓 𝑥 3.72789
𝑥 𝑥 2 3.147594
𝑓 𝑥 3.248441

𝑓 3.147594 1.313194

𝑓 3.147594 4.999946

𝑓 𝑥 1.313194
𝑥 𝑥 3.147594 2.884953
𝑓 𝑥 4.999946

𝑥 2.8832371

𝑥 2.88323687

the required root correct to four decimal places is, x = 2.8832

 
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 CE 501 Numerical Analysis
 
Q15) Find a smallest positive root of tan x = x by Newton – Raphson Method.
● Solution:
𝑓 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 1
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 4.5
𝑓 4.5 0.137332

𝑓 4.5 21.50485

𝑓 𝑥 0.137332
𝑥 𝑥 4.5 4.493613903
𝑓 𝑥 21.50485

𝑓 4.493613903 0.004132

𝑓 4.493613903 20.22972

𝑓 𝑥 0.004132
𝑥 𝑥 4.493613903 4.493409655
𝑓 𝑥 20.22972

𝑥 4.493409458

the required root correct to four decimal places is, x = 4.4934

 
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