The late nineteenth century was a period of revolution in the Philippines.

During this era,

different movements and organizations were formed. One of the most notable groups who
fought against the Spaniards was the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan (KKK). The Katipunan was a revolutionary Filipino nationalist association
founded by Andres Bonifacio in 1892. They aimed to gain independence from the Spanish
colonizers and advocated violent and immediate measures against the Spaniards (Tucker,
2009). The katipuneros worked in secrecy. However, the Spaniards discovered the
organization in August 19, 1896. Pedro Patiño, a katipunero, told his sister Honoria about the
existence of their revolutionary organization. Honoria was upset about this news and
disclosed the information she had to Mother Superior Sor Teresa de Jesus. She was the head
of the orphanage in Mandaluyong where Honoria was staying. One thing led to another and
the news reached the Parish Priest of Tondo, Father Mariano Gil. He then went to the
location with several Spanish soldiers and retrieved pieces of evidence that proved the
existence of the Katipunan. Some katipuneros were arrested (Paler, 2019). This sudden turn
of events led to one of the most notable acts in Philippine history, the Cry of Rebellion.

Journalists of the 19th century called the start of revolution as “El Grito de Rebellion” or
“Cry of Rebellion”. The term “Cry” was originally referred to the clash between the
katipuneros and the guardia civil. This momentous event happened on August 1896,
northeast of Manila. It was the turning point of standing up against the Spanish colonizers
and overthrowing their regime. However, controversies arise as to when and where this
significant event took place. Teodoro Agoncillo, considered one of the most important
historians of our time and had been included in the roster of the order of National Scientist
in the Philippines by President Ferdinand E. Marcos (GOVH, 2019), stated that the Cry
started when Andres Bonifacio tore the community tax certificates (cedula) before the
katipuneros. On the other hand, others believed that it was when Aguinaldo commissioned
the “Himno de Balintawak” after the Pact of Biak-na-Bato failed. A monument for the heroes
of 1896 was built at the corner of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and in Bonifacio
Drive-North diversion road. During that time until 1962 the cry of Balintawak was celebrated
in the 26th of August. There are various sources who gave different dates and places
regarding the Cry. Lieutenant Olegario Diaz, a guardia civil, stated that it happened on
August 25, 1896 in Balintawak. Santiago Alvarez, a katipunero and the son of Mariano
Alvarez, claimed that the Cry happened on August 24, 1896 in Bahay Toro in Quezon City.
Pio Valenzuela, another katipunero, said that it happened on August 23, 1896 in Pugad
Lawin. Filipino historians also have different claims. Teodoro Kalaw said that it happened on
the last week of August 1896 in Kangkong, Balintawak. Gregorio Zaide claimed it took place
on August 26, 1896 in Balintawak. On the other hand, Teodoro Agoncillo based his claims on
Pio Valenzuela’s statements. Milagros Guerrero, Manuel Encarnacion, and Ramon Villegas
claimed
 The late nineteenth century was a period of revolution in the Philippines. During this era,
different movements and organizations were formed. One of the most notable groups who
fought against the Spaniards was the Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan (KKK). The Katipunan was a revolutionary Filipino nationalist association
founded by Andres Bonifacio in 1892. They aimed to gain independence from the Spanish
colonizers and advocated violent and immediate measures against the Spaniards (Tucker,
2009). The katipuneros worked in secrecy. However, the Spaniards discovered the
organization in August 19, 1896. Pedro Patiño, a katipunero, told his sister Honoria about the
existence of their revolutionary organization. Honoria was upset about this news and
disclosed the information she had to Mother Superior Sor Teresa de Jesus. She was the head
of the orphanage in Mandaluyong where Honoria was staying. One thing led to another and
the news reached the Parish Priest of Tondo, Father Mariano Gil. He then went to the
location with several Spanish soldiers and retrieved pieces of evidence that proved the
existence of the Katipunan. Some katipuneros were arrested (Paler, 2019). This sudden turn
of events led to one of the most notable acts in Philippine history, the Cry of Rebellion.

Journalists of the 19th century called the start of revolution as “El Grito de Rebellion” or
“Cry of Rebellion”. The term “Cry” was originally referred to the clash between the
katipuneros and the guardia civil. This momentous event happened on August 1896,
northeast of Manila. It was the turning point of standing up against the Spanish colonizers
and overthrowing their regime. However, controversies arise as to when and where this
significant event took place. Teodoro Agoncillo, considered one of the most important
historians of our time and had been included in the roster of the order of National Scientist
in the Philippines by President Ferdinand E. Marcos (GOVH, 2019), stated that the Cry
started when Andres Bonifacio tore the community tax certificates (cedula) before the
katipuneros. On the other hand, others believed that it was when Aguinaldo commissioned
the “Himno de Balintawak” after the Pact of Biak-na-Bato failed. A monument for the heroes
of 1896 was built at the corner of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) and in Bonifacio
Drive-North diversion road. During that time until 1962 the cry of Balintawak was celebrated
in the 26th of August. There are various sources who gave different dates and places
regarding the Cry. Lieutenant Olegario Diaz, a guardia civil, stated that it happened on
August 25, 1896 in Balintawak. Santiago Alvarez, a katipunero and the son of Mariano
Alvarez, claimed that the Cry happened on August 24, 1896 in Bahay Toro in Quezon City.
Pio Valenzuela, another katipunero, said that it happened on August 23, 1896 in Pugad
Lawin. Filipino historians also have different claims. Teodoro Kalaw said that it happened on
the last week of August 1896 in Kangkong, Balintawak. Gregorio Zaide claimed it took place
on August 26, 1896 in Balintawak. On the other hand, Teodoro Agoncillo based his claims on
Pio Valenzuela’s statements. Milagros Guerrero, Manuel Encarnacion, and Ramon Villegas
claimed