COMMUNICATION FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

A. ACADEMIC WRITING
Academic writing As an umbrella term it may include:
1. Academic assignments
a. Case Study Analysis
b. Financial Analysis
c. Reports
d. Analysis
2. Solution based on evidence
3. Present informed argument
4. Sort out what you know from what you feel
5. Different from professional writing
# When you talk about academic writing, you start with:
1. Asking yourself a question
2. Conceptualize the problem
3. Finding the solution
4. Making or arguing your own stand
Academic
Paper
ACADEMIC PAPER
11 STEPS IN ARRIVING
AT AN ACADEMIC PAPER
STEPS IN ARRIVING AT AN ACADEMIC PAPER
Select a topic
Formulate a working thesis statement
Prepare preliminary questions
Find cross sectioned sources
Create a timeline
Design a system to organize and take notes
Outline your paper
Develop your thesis statement
Revise
Edit
Check documentation
Example
Topic: Relevance of Wearing School Uniform Among BSU-Buguias Campus Education Students
Thesis Statement: Wearing school uniform among BSU-Buguias Campus Education students promotes
unity and loyalty towards one another.
PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS:
1. What do the design and the color of the school uniform among BSU-Buguias Campus Education
students reflect?
2. Besides unity and loyalty matters, why is the wearing of school uniform among BSU-Buguias Campus
Education students relevant?
3. How does the wearing of school uniform among BSU-Buguias Campus Education students promote
unity and loyalty among students themselves?
REFERENCES
List of all sources you used in your paper
Supports your paper
Should be latest edition
REFERENCES
CITATION
To properly address the author of selected references
APA format citation
Citation
AUTHOR CITATIONS
One Author:
Dela Cruz, J. A(2004).
Two Authors:
Mackey, A.G. & Gass, S.M (2005).
Three to five Authors:
For three, four, or five authors, refer to all authors in the first citation, then use the first author’s last name
followed by the abbreviation "et al." (not italicized and with a period after "al") in all subsequent
citations:
First citation: Cortez, A.S., Gold, B.A. & Hammond (1998)
Subsequent citations: Cortez et al. (1998)
Six or More Authors:
For six or more authors, use the first author's last name followed by the abbreviation et al
Mitchell et al. (2017).
BOOKS
Structure:
Last name, First initial. Middle initial. & Last name, First initial. (Date). Title. Location: Publisher.
Examples:
Goldin, C. D., & Katz, L. F. (2008). The race between education and technology. Cambridge, MA:
Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
WEBSITES
Structure:
Author Last Name, First initial.Middle Initial. (Year, Month Date Published). Title of webpage. Retrieved
from URL
Example of an APA format website:
Austerlitz, S. (2015, March 3). How long can a spinoff like ‘Better Call Saul’ last? Retrieved from
http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-long-can-a-spinoff-like-better-call-saul-last/
NEWSPAPER
Structure:
Author's Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year, Month Day Published). Title of article. Title of
Newspaper, page range.
Example:
Frost, L. (2006, September 14). First passengers ride monster jet. The Salt Lake Tribune, p. A2.
Page numbers: If the article is only one page long, use ‘p.’ For any articles longer than one page, use ‘pp.’
If an article appears on non-sequential pages, separate each page number with a comma.
Example: pp. D4, D5, D7-D8
ELECTRONIC FORMAT
RESEARCH PAPER INVOLVES
Gathering data
Forming hypothesis
Testing of hypothesis
Forming a new theory
Confirming an existing one
Research Paper
RESEARCH PAPER STRUCTURE
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Analysis
TYPES OF RESEARCH
Survey/questionnaire(quantitative)
Observation(qualitative)
TYPES OF RESEARCH PAPER
Discourses
and it's
Types
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PARAGRAPH
A good paragraph has unity, coherence, brevity and emphasis.
DISCOURSE
comes from the Latin word discursus, which means "running to and fro."
the physical act of transferring information "to and fro," the way a runner might
Narration
NARRATION
It simply tells a story. And in the process of telling a story a description can be a helping device to make
the story more interesting
Description
DESCRIPTION
Expresses what the author actually sees, feels, touches, tastes and smells and other sense of impressions,
that he/she experiences toward a person, thing and other animate or inanimate objects. The author usually
uses adjectives, participles and other modifiers
EXPOSITION
EXPOSITION
Exposition is a type of discourse intended to give information about (or an explanation of) an issue,
subject, method, or idea.
ARGUMENTATION
ARGUMENTATION
A type of discourse that centers on a thesis. Used for proposing a solution or defending a proposal or
criticizing existing practices, systems and approaches.
STRATEGY
MAJOR STEPS OF THE WRITING PROCESS
The
Writing Process
Post Writing Stage
Writing Stage
Prewriting
QUESTIONS THAT WILL HELP GENERATE IDEAS
ASK YOURSELF
#1
What is my purpose for writing?
For whom am I writing?
#2
What message do I want to communicate?
#3
#4
What is the best writing discourse in conveying your message should you use?
#5
How do I want to sound my audience or readers?