A Research on

Topic
Attitude and Alertness in Personality Traits: A Pathway to Building
Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Mandsaur University Students

Submitted to
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
“EMERGING TRENDS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT”
(NCETSTM – 2K23)
Mandsaur University

By:
Hariom
BBA VIsem
(20MGT3BBA1034)
&
Dr. Deepika Choudary
Faculty Member FBAC, Mandsaur University
 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
“EMERGING TRENDS IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT” (NCETSTM – 2K23)
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Topic entitled:
Attitude and Alertness in Personality Traits: A Pathway to Building Entrepreneurial Intentions Among
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Date: March 18,2023

Abstract -
Nowadays, Business ventures are broadly acknowledged as a primary method for becoming
successful in our society because of their numerous contributions to economic growth, social stability,
job creation, and innovation and technological advancement. (Abhijeet Biswas &, 2021

A crucial element of entrepreneurial activities is the identification and exploitation of new business
opportunities that can then be transformed into entrepreneurial intention and action afterward (Neneh,
2019).

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of personality and attitude traits and entrepreneurial
orientation on the cognitive process of building entrepreneurship intentions among students of
Mandsaur University. In this study, after the abstract section, the hypotheses, and research
methodology are presented. The next section is the data analysis and interpretation, followed by
limitations discussions and conclusion. Finally, the suggestions for future researchers through this
study, as well as the questionnaire and references, were provided.

Literature review
1. Klenam Korbla Ledi (29 November 2022)
The results of this study showed that an entrepreneurial mindset substantially impacted
entrepreneurial intention and opportunity recognition among university students in Ghana.
Students who were aware of the entrepreneurial opportunities available were more likely to be
interested in starting their own businesses.
2. Yanbin Li, Yue Zhang* ( June,2022)
The current research demonstrates that college students’ materialism could increase their
entrepreneurial intention by strengthening their achievement motivation and entrepreneurial
attitude, i.e., materialism boosted college students’ achievement motivation, which in turn was
associated with a more positive entrepreneurial attitude and subsequently stronger
entrepreneurial intention.nThese findings pointed out that, albeit often regarded as a “bad
 apple,” materialism could still exert a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention through
certain means, which implies the silver lining of materialism and delineates a possible way to
enhance entrepreneurial intention based on the existing value of college students.
3. Pushkar Dubey (2 April 2022)
It proves that those engineering undergraduates have
entrepreneurial behavior showing intention to start up a new business, which can be
nourished by providing better opportunities and a positive environment. The characteristics
such as ambiguity tolerance, risk-taking propensity, locus of control, self-sufficiency and
Social networking significantly affects their attitude and intention to become entrepreneurs.

4. A study by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation (2017) found that nearly half of all college
students in the USA express an interest in starting their own business.
5. According to a study by the National Science Foundation, (2018) students who complete a
course in entrepreneurship are more likely to start their own business, compared to those who do
not.
6. A research by Babson College (2016) found that students who participate in entrepreneurship
education and training programs have a higher likelihood of starting a business.
7. A study by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2016) found that the rate of
entrepreneurship among university students in the USA is highest among those studying
engineering and computer science.
8. A study by the European Commission (2019) found that European university
students have a high level of interest in starting their own business, with almost one-
third of students expressing an interest in starting a business after graduation.
9. Research by the University of Sussex (2015) found that entrepreneurship
education has a positive impact on students' entrepreneurial intentions, with students
who have completed an entrepreneurship course being more likely to start their own
business.
10. A study by Elina Varamäki, San (2015) found that Changes in attitudes and
perceived behavioral control have a significant positive impact. Versatile
entrepreneurship courses have a direct effect on changes in attitudes. Changes in
attitudes have a dual role, as they influence change in both intentions and perceived
behavioral control.
11. According to research by Zoltán Bartha, A. (2017) that people with high In-group
collectivism values would rather plan their career at a smaller, friendly family business
than at an impersonal large corporation
12. A study by the National University of Singapore (2018) found that students who
have a higher level of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial knowledge are more likely to
have entrepreneurial intentions.
13. Khadeeja Abdul Salam Taha, Say. 2017 found that innovation, entrepreneurship
training & education, family background, government support program, social
entrepreneurship, women participation, individual entrepreneurial characteristics,
 participation of micro, small & medium enterprises, youth empowerment, collaboration
of government university-industry is the key tool for entrepreneurship development.
14. Roy, R., Akhtar (2017) recognized that the relationship between entrepreneurial
personality traits and Entrepreneurship Intentions is fully mediated by perceived self-
efficacy. Moderating effect suggests that a student's perceived self-efficacy boosts the
entrepreneurial personality traits to EI relationship.
15. A research by the Sun, H., Lo, C(2017), found that students from business and
engineering faculties have a higher level of entrepreneurial intentions compared to
students from other faculties.

Hypothesis

1. Self-efficacy: This trait refers to an individual's belief in their ability to successfully execute a
specific task or behavior. According to Bandura's self-efficacy theory (1977), individuals who
possess higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to initiate and sustain behavior over time. In
the context of entrepreneurship, individuals with high levels of self-efficacy are more likely to take
on challenging tasks and persist in the face of setbacks (Chen et al., 1998). Therefore, it is
hypothesized that higher levels of self-efficacy will positively influence entrepreneurial intentions
among university students.

H1- self efficacy has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

2. Innovativeness: This trait refers to the extent to which individuals are willing to engage in novel
and unconventional ideas or behaviors. Research has shown that innovativeness is a key predictor
of entrepreneurial intentions (Liñán & Chen, 2009). Individuals who possess higher levels of
innovativeness are more likely to identify and exploit new business opportunities. Therefore, it is
hypothesized that higher levels of innovativeness will positively influence entrepreneurial
intentions among university students.

H2- Innovativeness has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

3. Risk-taking propensity: This trait refers to the extent to which individuals are willing to take risks
in pursuit of their goals. Entrepreneurship is inherently risky, and individuals who possess higher
levels of risk-taking propensity are more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activities (Gupta &
Govindarajan, 1984). Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher levels of risk-taking propensity will
positively influence entrepreneurial intentions among university students.

H3- Risk-taking propensity has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

4. Perceived feasibility: This trait refers to an individual's perception of their ability to successfully
execute a business idea. Research has shown that perceived feasibility is a key predictor of
entrepreneurial intentions (Krueger & Brazeal, 1994). Individuals who perceive their business idea
to be feasible are more likely to pursue entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher
levels of perceived feasibility will positively influence entrepreneurial intentions among university
students.

H4- Perceived feasibility has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

5. Perceived desirability: This trait refers to an individual's perception of the attractiveness of

entrepreneurship as a career choice. Research has shown that perceived desirability is a key
predictor of entrepreneurial intentions (Krueger & Brazeal, 1994). Individuals who perceive
entrepreneurship as a desirable career choice are more likely to pursue entrepreneurship.
Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher levels of perceived desirability will positively influence
entrepreneurial intentions among university students.

H5- Perceived desirability has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

6. Confidence: This trait refers to an individual's belief in their abilities and judgments. Research has
shown that confidence is a key predictor of entrepreneurial intentions (Zhao et al., 2005).
Individuals who possess higher levels of confidence are more likely to pursue entrepreneurial
activities. Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher levels of confidence will positively influence
entrepreneurial intentions among university students.

H6-Confidence has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

7. Creativity: This trait refers to the ability to generate novel and useful ideas. Research has shown
that creativity is a key predictor of entrepreneurial intentions (Barron et al., 2012). Individuals who
possess higher levels of creativity are more likely to identify and exploit new business
opportunities. Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher levels of creativity will positively influence
entrepreneurial intentions among university students.

H7- Creativity has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

8. Curiosity: This trait refers to the desire to learn and acquire new knowledge. Research has shown
that curiosity is a key predictor of entrepreneurial intentions (Schlaegel & Koenig, 2014).
Individuals who possess higher levels of curiosity are more likely to explore new business
opportunities. Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher levels of curiosity will positively influence
entrepreneurial intentions among university students.

H8- Curiosity has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

 9. Motivation: This trait refers to an individual's drive and persistence in pursuing their goals.
Research has shown that motivation is a key predictor of entrepreneurial intentions (Lumpkin et
al., 2013). Individuals who possess higher levels of motivation are more likely to engage in
entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher levels of motivation will
positively influence entrepreneurial intentions among university students.

H9- Motivation has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

10. Passion: This trait refers to the intense and positive feelings that individuals have towards their
work. Research has shown that passion is a key predictor of entrepreneurial intentions (Cardon et
al., 2012). Individuals who possess higher levels of passion are more likely to pursue
entrepreneurial activities. Therefore, it is hypothesized that higher levels of passion will positively
influence entrepreneurial intentions among university students.

H10- Passion has positive impact on individual entrepreneurship intentions

Research Methodology & Sample Characteristics

The sample characteristics for the study are as follows:

Participants
Participants in this study were selected using a convenience sampling method from students enrolled
at Mandsaur University in March 2023. The research team distributed a set of questionnaires
containing four options to select on measurement scale through online Google Forms, and a total of
102 responses were collected.

Demographics
Of the 102 respondents, 58.8% identified as male and 41.2% identified as female. Additionally, 45.8%
of respondents came from rural areas and 54.2% came from urban areas. In terms of academic
status, 81.37% (40.2%, 14.7%, 6.9%, 2%, 11.8%, 5.9% are BBA, B.Com, BSC Agriculture, BAMS,
B.Tech, and BCA students) of respondents were undergraduate students and 18.63% were
postgraduate (MBA majorly) students.
Economic Background
The research team assumed that all participants had similar economic backgrounds, although this
was not directly assessed in the survey.

Data Analysis and Interpretation

1. Likert Scale Test

The Likert scale is a popular survey method used to measure attitudes, opinions, and
perceptions. It involves asking individuals to rate their level of agreement or disagreement with
a statement using a predetermined scale. (Molina-Morales, F. ,2021)
Opinion-
 Are Mandsaur University students intent to become successful entrepreneurs?
Results -

Values BBA Bcom BSC Ag. BAMS B TECH BCA PG

in %
U R U R U R U R U R U R U R

Absolute 65 66 51 75 15 76 80 100 33 44 45 62. 69 70

Agree 5

Neutral 29 29 32 23 45 16 20 0 50 41 35 37. 19 26
5

Strongly 2 4.5 7 0 40 8 0 0 7 8 10 0 3 0
Disagree

Not Sure 7 0.5 10 2 0 0 0 0 10 7 10 0 9 4

 2. Entrepreneurial Orientation Scale test
The Entrepreneurial Orientation Scale (EOS) is a widely used measurement tool that
assesses an individual's entrepreneurial orientation(Ozdemir, Ö., & Kilinç, Ç. ,2021). This test
evaluates four dimensions of entrepreneurial behavior: innovativeness,self efficacy, risk-taking
propensity, and confidence. The EOS has been utilized in various research fields, such as
entrepreneurship, strategic management, and organizational behavior, to better understand
the nature and impact of entrepreneurial behavior in individuals and organizations.
Values in % BBA Bcom BSC Ag. BAMS B TECH BCA PG

Self efficacy 66 53 71 50 42 67 74

Risk taking 58 53 57 100 33 67 53

propensity

Confidence 66 67 57 100 50 67 89

Innovativeness 63 47 43 100 50 83 74

3. Entrepreneurship Personality Assessment test

Entrepreneurship personality assessment is a tool used to evaluate an individual's
characteristics and traits related to entrepreneurship. This assessment helps to identify
strengths and weaknesses that may affect their success in starting and running a business
(Lee, S. H., K ,2021). By understanding their unique personality traits, aspiring entrepreneurs
can determine the type of business that is best suited for them and make informed decisions
about their entrepreneurial journey.
Values in % BBA Bcom BSC Ag. BAMS B TECH BCA PG

Risk taking 58 53 57 100 33 67 53

propensity

Creativity 73 67 43 100 33 83 79

Passion 73 70 43 100 37 67 79

Percieved 56 37 57 50 33 33 53
Feasibility

4. Entrepreneurship Attitude Assessment test

To foster an entrepreneurial mindset, it is important to assess the attitudes and characteristics
that are key to success. An entrepreneurship attitude assessment is a tool used to measure
an individual's entrepreneurial mindset, identifying their strengths and weaknesses
(Bouncken, R, 2021) By evaluating traits such as risk-taking propensity, and confidence, this
assessment can provide valuable insights for aspiring entrepreneurs and help guide them
towards success.
The graph diagram illustrates the individual's overall attitude towards entrepreneurship. The
diagram typically consists of two axes: the x-axis represents the individual's level of self-
confidence, while the y-axis represents their willingness to take risks.
The graph diagram is divided into four quadrants, each of which represents a different attitude
towards entrepreneurship. The upper right quadrant represents Individuals who are both
confident and willing to take risks, making them ideal candidates for entrepreneurship. The
 lower right quadrant represents individuals who are confident but not willing to take risks,
suggesting that they may be more suited for management or other less risky roles within a
business. The upper left quadrant represents individuals who are willing to take risks but lack
self- confidence, suggesting that they may benefit from additional training or mentorship
before starting a business. Finally, the lower left quadrant represents Individuals who lack
both self-confidence and a willingness to take risks, suggesting that they may not be well-
suited for entrepreneurship.

Individuals who … BBA Bcom BSC Ag. BAMS B TECH BCA PG

(Values in %)

both confident and willing to take 68 57 57 75 54 58 66

risks

are willing to take risks but lack 15 13 14 0 21 8 5

self- confidence

lack both self-confidence and a 11 7 7 0 21 0 5

willingness to take risks

confident but not willing to take 21 10 21 25 29 17 13

risks
Limitations
There are several limitations to this research study. Firstly, the sample size was limited to students
from Mandsaur University, which may not be representative of the entire population of university
students. Additionally, the respondents were not uniformly distributed across different branches and
courses, with a majority of responses coming from BBA, Bcom and MBA (PG) branches, potentially
skewing the results. The lack of responses from certain branches, such as Pharmacy, Diploma, and
Journalism, also limits the generalizability of the findings to these populations.

Moreover, the research only focused on 10 traits of entrepreneurship intentions and did not include
other relevant factors such as proactiveness, openness, and leadership traits. This limited scope
could have impacted the comprehensiveness of the results.

Furthermore, the research assumed similar economic backgrounds for all respondents, which may
not be reflective of the reality in practical terms. Lastly, the study did not classify respondents on the
basis of gender, which could have provided additional insights into gender differences in
entrepreneurship intentions. These limitations should be taken into account when interpreting the
results of the study.

Discussion and Conclusion-

Based on the Likert test results, it seems that a majority of Mandsaur University students are
interested in becoming successful entrepreneurs, with the highest percentage of absolute agreement
being observed in PG students (80%), followed by BCA (76%), BBA (65%), and BAMS (75%)
students. B TECH students have the lowest percentage of absolute agreement (15%).

In terms of the Entrepreneurial Orientation Scale test, it appears that the students score highest on
self-efficacy and confidence, while the risk-taking propensity score is relatively lower across all
programs. BSC Ag. students score the highest on innovativeness, followed by BCA and PG students.

The Entrepreneurship Personality Assessment test shows that the students score highest on
creativity and passion, while risk-taking propensity scores are relatively lower across all programs.
BSC Ag. students score the highest on creativity, followed by BCA and PG students.

Finally, based on the Entrepreneurial Attitude Assessment test, the highest percentage of students
are both confident and willing to take risks, with the highest percentage being observed in BAMS
(75%) and BBA (68%) students. The lowest percentage of students lack both self-confidence and a
willingness to take risks, with the highest percentage being observed in B TECH (21%) and BAMS
(21%) students.

Overall, it seems that Mandsaur University students have a positive attitude towards
entrepreneurship, with a high degree of confidence and creativity. However, the results also suggest
that there is room for improvement in terms of developing risk-taking propensity among the students,
particularly in certain programs such as B TECH.
Suggestions for future researchers
● Use a more diverse sample: The current study used a convenience sampling method and
only included students from Mandsaur University. Future researchers can expand the sample
by including participants from different universities in the Mandsaur region to obtain a more
diverse and representative sample
● Include more demographic variables: The study only included basic demographic
information such as gender, academic status, and location. Future researchers can include
other demographic variables such as age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status to examine
how these factors influence the cognitive process of building entrepreneurship intentions.
● Expand the focus: The current study only focused on the role of personality traits, attitude
traits, and entrepreneurial orientation on the cognitive process of building entrepreneurship
intentions. Future researchers can expand the focus to examine other factors such as social
support, education, and access to resources that may also influence entrepreneurship
intentions.

Questionnaire-
1. I believe that I am confident and hold the ability, skills and knowledge to become an
entrepreneur
2. I believe that I have persistence, determination and capacity to overcome any
obstacles and challenges to become a successful entrepreneur
3. I always enjoy exploring new and creative ideas to be a successful entrepreneur
4. I am comfortable in taking risks in order to pursue innovative idea
5. I am motivated by the potential financial rewards of starting successful business
6. I have a strong believe in the positive self image in my ability to make good decisions
as an entrepreneur
7. I have natural talent for creative thinking and problem solving
8. I am committed and willing to pursue my entrepreneurial goals with enthusiasm and
energy
9. I am motivated by the potential impact that my business could have on society
10. I enjoy asking questions and discovering new insights
References-

Abstract
1. Abhijeet Biswas & Rohit Kumar Verma, 2021. "Attitude and Alertness in Personality
Traits: A Pathway to Building Entrepreneurial Intentions Among University Students,"
Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship
Development Institute of India, vol. 30(2), pages 367-396, September.
https://ideas.repec.org/s/sae/jouent.html

2. Neneh, B. N. (2019). From entrepreneurial intentions to behavior: The role of anticipated regret
and proactive personality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 311–324.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2019.04.005

Literature review
1. Klenam Korbla Ledi, Enya Ameza-Xemalordzo, Joseph Owusu,,,THE ROLE OF
ENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDE AND OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION ON
ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, Kwame Nkrumah
University of Science Technology, Kumasi, Ghana (2 April 2022)

2. Yanbin Li, Yue Zhang* and Feng Zhang, Materialism Predicts College Students’
Entrepreneurial Intention: A Serial Mediation Model, School of Economics and Management,
North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China, June,2022
3. Pushkar Dubey, The effect of entrepreneurial characteristics on attitude and intention: an
empirical study among technical undergraduates, Department of Management, Pandit
Sundarlal Sharma (Open) University Chhattisgarh, Bilaspur, India , (2 April 2022)
4. Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, "The Kauffman Index: Startup Activity," (2017)
5. National Science Foundation, "Science and Engineering Indicators," (2018)
6. Babson College, "Global Entrepreneurship Monitor," (2016)
7. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, "Global Report," (2016)
8. European Commission, "Entrepreneurship in Higher Education," (2019)
9. University of Sussex, "Entrepreneurship Education and Students' Intention to Start a
Business," (2015)
10. Elina Varamäki, Sanna Joensuu, Erno Tornikoski, Anmari Viljamaa, The development
of entrepreneurial potential among higher education students, Journal of small
business and enterprise development 22 (3), 563-589, (2015)
11. Zoltán Bartha, Andrea S Gubik, Cultural characteristics and the entrepreneurial
intentions of university students, Practice-Review of Business and Management 13
(02), 3-12, 2017
12. Wang, Clement & Wong, Poh Kam. (2004). Entrepreneurial Interest of University
Students in Singapore. Technovation. 24. 163-172. 10.1016/S0166-4972(02)00016-0.
 13. Khadeeja Abdul Salam Taha, Sayang Nurshahrizleen Ramlan, Idris Mohd Noor.
2017,The factors affecting entrepreneurial intentions of university students in
Malaysia, International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship 7 (2), 189-202,
2017
14. Roy, R., Akhtar, F. & Das, N. Entrepreneurial intention among science & technology
students in India: extending the theory of planned behavior. Int Entrep Manag J 13,
1013–1041 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0434-y
15. Sun, H., Lo, C.T., Liang, B. and Wong, Y.L.B. (2017), "The impact of entrepreneurial
education on entrepreneurial intention of engineering students in
https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2016-0392Hong Kong", Management Decision, Vol. 55
No. 7, pp. 1371-1393.

Hypothesis
1. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological

Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1977-25733-001

2. Barron, F., Montuori, A., & Barron, A. (2012). Creators on creating: Awakening and cultivating the

imaginative mind. New York: Tarcher/Penguin.

http://www.positivedisintegration.com/Montuori2003.pdf

3. Cardon, M. S., Wincent, J., Singh, J., & Drnovsek, M. (2012). The nature and experience of

entrepreneurial passion. Academy of Management Review, 37(1), 68-82.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236841010_The_Nature_and_Experience_of_Entrepren

eurial_Passion

4. Chen, G., Gully, S. M., & Eden, D. (1998). Validation of a new general self-efficacy scale.

Organizational Research Methods, 1(1), 62-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810141004

5. Gupta, Anil K., and V. Govindarajan. “Business Unit Strategy, Managerial Characteristics, and

Business Unit Effectiveness at Strategy Implementation.” The Academy of Management Journal,

vol. 27, no. 1, 1984, pp. 25–41. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/255955. Accessed 15 Mar. 2023.

6. Krueger, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91-104.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/104225879401800307

7. Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument

to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593-617.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
 8. Lumpkin, G. T., Cogliser, C. C., & Schneider, D. R. (2013). Understanding and measuring autonomy:

An entrepreneurial orientation perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(4), 675-697.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00280.x

9. Schlaegel, C., & Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: A meta-analytic test and

integration of competing models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 291-332.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259548937_Determinants_of_Entrepreneurial_Intent_A

_Meta-Analytic_Test_and_Integration_of_Competing_Models

10. Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Hills, G. E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development

of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265-1272.

https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1265

Data Analysis and interpretation

1. Molina-Morales, F. X., Claver-Cortés, E., & Marco-Lajara, B. (2021). The mediating role of
entrepreneurial intention in the relationship between work values and entrepreneurial activity.
Journal of Business Research, 132, 458-466.
2. Ozdemir, Ö., & Kilinç, Ç. (2021). The effect of organizational culture on entrepreneurial
orientation in small and medium-sized enterprises: The mediating role of innovation. Journal
of Small Business Management, 59(1), 98-115.
3. Lee, S. H., Kim, J., & Park, G. (2021). A new perspective on the influence of entrepreneurial
attitudes on start-up behavior: Evidence from Korean nascent entrepreneurs. International
Small Business Journal, 39(2), 137-156.
4. Bouncken, R. B., Pesch, R., Reger, G., & Kraus, S. (2021). Personality and entrepreneurial
intention: The role of gender and context. Journal of Small Business Management, 59(2), 330-
348.