Q1 How many types of ventilation are there?

Ans. 3.
Q2 While calculating the handling capacity of life weight of a
person is taken as 65kg.
Ans. False.
Q3 It is quite evident the incoming air for ventilation should be
____ in summer and____ in winter before it enters the room
Ans. Warm and Cool.
Q4 The maximum rate of air change is ___
Ans. 60 per hour.
Q5 How many method of rainwater harvesting are there?
Ans. Two.
Q6 MCB stands for.
Ans. Miniature Circuit Breaker.
Q7 Ac means.
Ans. Alternate current.
Q8 Dc current transfer better over longer distances than Ac
current.
Ans. False.
Q9 The voltage of three phase supply
Ans. ?
Q10 The relatively clean wastewater from bath, sink, washing
machine and other kitchen appliances is called
Ans. Wastewater.
Q11 Unwanted sound is called
Ans. Noise.
Q12 Rainwater harvesting increases the groundwater level
Ans. True.
Q13 A fire detector cannot detect
Ans. Light.
Q14 where people working there has to be ____ to cause proper
ventilation on the premises
Ans. Air change.
Q15 The ____ plays an important role in the comfort of persons
affected by ventilation system
Ans. Carbon monoxide.
Q16 ____ insulation is the reduction of heat transfer between
objects in thermal contact
Ans. Thermal.
Q17 Diameter of vent pipe shall not be less then____
Ans. 32mm.
Q18 A machine in a large building used for carrying people or to
another.
Ans. Life.
Q19 The ___ pipe is designed to carry liquid waste.
Ans. Sewer.
Q20 ___ is the size of waste pipe for sink and bath.
Ans. 40mm
Q21 Describe any one system of electrical wiring.
Ans. Types of Electrical wiring systems:
(1) Cleat wiring system
(2) TRS wiring system
(3) Lead sheathed wiring system
(4) Wooden batten wiring system
(5) Plastic Casing-capping system
(6) Conduit wiring system
Conduit wiring system: In this system of wiring steel tubes or PVC
pipes known as conduits are installed on the surface of wall by means
of saddles or buried under plaster and VIR or PVC cables are drawn
afterwards by means of GI wire

Q22 Write the principle of air conditioning.

Ans. The basic principle of an air conditioner is a vapor
compression cycle to minimize the air temperature with the help
of a condenser, compressor, expansion valve, and evaporator.
The complete cooling process is a heat transfer between the
room air and refrigerant gas. With the repetition of the cycle, the
inner air becomes cooler until it touches the desired point. AC collects
hot air from the room and processes it to release a pleasant
ambiance.

Q23 Give the general classification of surface drain.

Ans. Surface drainage is very useful in removing excess water from
land to an artificial drainage system or natural watercourse in a
controlled manner and as quickly as possible. This must be done with
no damage to the environment.
Types of surface drainage systems
Ditches or open drains
Ditches or open drains vary in size and length and can be categorised
as:
Shallow surface drains - Shallow surface drains (up to 0.3m
deep) formed by hand shovel or 'spinner cuts' are most useful for
removing ponded water from shallow depressions to larger drains
or streams.
Medium-sized drains - Medium-sized drains (0.3m to 1m deep)
made by excavators or specific drainage machines are usually V-
shaped with a flat bottom with enough slope (gradient) to ensure
that the water is removed quickly but not cause scouring of the
drain walls or bottom. This is usually not a problem because they
are used on the flatter areas. The velocity of water flow should be
slow on the sandy and sandy clay loam soils and can be quicker on
the clays and clay loams.
Q24 What are the essential requirements of a good trap?
Ans.
1. It should Provide sufficient water seal.
2. It should be capable of being easily cleaned.
3. It should be easily fixable with the drain or pipes.
4. It’s internal and external surface should be smooth.
5. It should possess self-cleaning property.
6. It should be free from any inside projection.
7. It should be simple in construction.
8. It should be made of some nonabsorbent material
9. It should be provided with an access door for cleaning.
Q25 BName any five material we use thermal insulation.
Ans.
 Fiberglass
 Mineral wool
 Cellulose
 Natural fibers
 Polystyrene
 Polyisocyanurate
 Polyurethane
 Perlite
 Cementitious foam
 Phenolic foam
 Insulation facings

Q26 Draw five types of electrical symbols.

Ans. Symbol Name
Description

Electrical Wire
It is the symbol that is used to represent a wire.

Connected Wires
This Symbol represents the wire connected crossing.

Not Connect Wires

This Symbol shows that wires are not connected on crossing.
 BUZZER

Electric Bell

Fuse

Bus

Loudspeaker

Microphone

Lamp/Light Bulb

Q27 Give the general classification of surface drain.

Ans. Surface drainage is very useful in removing excess water from
land to an artificial drainage system or natural watercourse in a
controlled manner and as quickly as possible. This must be done with
no damage to the environment.
Types of surface drainage systems
Ditches or open drains
Ditches or open drains vary in size and length and can be categorised
as:
Shallow surface drains - Shallow surface drains (up to 0.3m
deep) formed by hand shovel or 'spinner cuts' are most useful for
removing ponded water from shallow depressions to larger drains
or streams.
Medium-sized drains - Medium-sized drains (0.3m to 1m deep)
made by excavators or specific drainage machines are usually V-
shaped with a flat bottom with enough slope (gradient) to ensure
that the water is removed quickly but not cause scouring of the
drain walls or bottom. This is usually not a problem because they
are used on the flatter areas. The velocity of water flow should be
slow on the sandy and sandy clay loam soils and can be quicker on
the clays and clay loams.

Q28 Write different method of water distribution system.

Ans. Water was an important factor in the location of the earliest. A
water distribution system is a part of a water supply network with
components that carry potable water from a centralized treatment
plant or wells to water consumers in order to adequately delivered
water to residential commercial, and industrial, fire fighting
requirements.
The method of distribution depends upon the topography of the area.
The following method or system may be adopted for distribution:
1. Gravity system.
2. Combined gravity and pumping system.
3. Pumping system.

Q29 What are the advantage and disadvantage of cleat wiring?

Ans.
Cleat Wiring-
This wiring consists of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires and
is braided and compounded on walls and ceilings by means of
porcelain cleats, wood, or plastic. It is a kind of temporary system
and is not suitable for domestic usage. For example, used in an
under-construction building.

Advantages of cleat wiring:

 It is easy to fault detection.
 It is easy to repair.
 This is the temporary wiring system.
 It is the cheapest for internal wiring.
 Alternation and addition are easy.
 The whole wiring is replaced for a short period of time and material
of wiring is used in another place if we want.
 The inspection of this wiring is very easy.
 All the cables are in open-air therefore fault is very easily found
and replaced it very quickly.
 Customization can be easily done.
 Installation and dismantlement are easy and quick.
 Material is recoverable after the dismantlement.

Disadvantages of cleat wiring:

 It has a bad appearance.
 It is not looking good.
 This wiring system is not safe and durable.
 It is a chance to shock or fire.
 It is not a sustainable wiring system.
 It is used only low-temperature places.
 Wire are exposed to mechanical injury.
 It is not suitable for domestic premises.
 Oil and smoke are injuries to VIR insulation.
 Quit tempory and perished quickly.
 It is used only 220/440 V in low ambient temperature only.
 The risk of fire is present because the cable is in open conditions.
 Exposed to weather to be affected by humidity, rain, smoke,
sunlight, oil, vapor, steam, etc.
 this wiring system is not long-lasting.
 After some of the duration, sag is produced in the cables.
 The dust and smoke are directly affected on cable therefore after
some duration beauty of this wiring is costly.
 This is the temporary wiring system, it can't be used permanent
wiring.
 If the cap of a cleat tightly screws on the base then the insulation
of the cable is damaged and the risk of the current leakage is occurring.

Q30 List precautions to avoid fire accident.

Ans.
 Always Have an Escape Plan
 Install Smoke Alarms in Your Place
 Stay on Top of Your Electrical Wiring System
 Keep Your Heating Equipment in Check
 Take Special Fire Precautions in the Kitchen
 Learn to Use a Fire Extinguisher
 Have a Workplace Fire Safety Checklist
Q31 What is sprinkler system?
Ans. A sprinkler system is a fire fighting device that is installed in
buildings as a preventative measure. The sprinkler heads are placed
in the ceilings facing toward either the floor or towards any fire hit
spots. The other end of the sprinkler system is connected to a number
of pipes and a high pressure water supply. A fire sprinkler system is
designed to put out a fire during its infancy stage before it develops.
Q33 Why do we use glass wool for acoustics?
Ans. Glass wool insulation solutions are among the most
environmentally friendly, stable, and sustainable insulation materials
available. It is made from silica sand, the most abundant natural
material on the planet. It has a minimal impact on the environment
during manufacture, use, and disposal.
Zero Ozone Depletion Potential
Lowest volatile organic compounds
Use of abundant and renewable raw materials.

Q34 Draw a neat sketch of escalator and mention its various

components.
Ans.
Q35 Write different safety measures to prevent electrical shock.
 Ans.
 Never use a damaged extension cord
 Never use a defective electrical device
 Pull on the plug and not on the cable to unplug an electrical
device
 Unplug the toaster before trying to dislodge stuck toast
 Before changing a lightbulb, switch the light off or unplug the
lamp
 Make sure to locate electrical wires before drilling a hole in the
wall
 Multi-outlets: get the right power bars
 Always unplug the iron before filling it with water
 In the bathroom, never use electrical devices if you are wet or
the humidity level is high
 Do not use electrical devices or extension cords near a pool
 If one of the breakers on your distribution panel trips often,
spread out your devices onto different circuits
 Do not cut off or bend the third prong of a plug … it’s an
important feature
 Never throw water on an outlet that’s on fire
 Mow the lawn safely
 Be careful when removing the cover plate of a switch or outlet.

Q36 Explain single stack system and double stack system of

house drain.
Ans. Single Stack System
This is the simplest system, in which the waste matter from baths,
sinks, et as well as foul matter from the W.C. is discharged in one
single pipe, called the soil and waste pipe (S.W.P.). This pipe
terminates as the vent pipe at its top, and no separate vent pipe is
provided.
The single stack system is effective only if the pipes are completely
dispensed with. Gulley traps and waste pipes traps are filled with
water seals of depth not less than 75 mm. The system is simple and
economical since only one pipe is used.
Double Stack Syatem
A double stack system is where you have the main soil stack to carry
away toilet waste (Generally). With a separate pipe taking waste water
from a Shower/Bath/Basin to an outside gully leading to a sewage
drain (maybe via guttering on your property). Not a common system
on new builds but still found on pre 60's Plumbing.
Q37 Explain fire fighting services and cause of fire in building.
Ans. A fire fighting system is probably the most important of the
building services, as its aim is to protect human life and property,
strictly in that order.

It consists of three basic parts:

 a large store of water in tanks, either underground or on top of

the building, called fire storage tanks
 a specialised pumping system,
 a large network of pipes ending in
either hydrants or sprinklers (nearly all buildings require both of
these systems)

A fire hydrant is a vertical steel pipe with an outlet, close to which two
fire hoses are stored (A fire hydrant is called a standpipe in
America). During a fire, firefighters will go to the outlet, break open the
hoses, attach one to the outlet, and manually open it so that water
rushes out of the nozzle of the hose. The quantity and speed of the
water is so great that it can knock over the firefighter holding the hose
if he is not standing in the correct way. As soon as the fire fighter
opens the hydrant, water will gush out, and sensors will detect a drop
in pressure in the system. This drop in pressure will trigger the fire
pumps to turn on and start pumping water at a tremendous flowrate.

A sprinkler is a nozzle attached to a network of pipes, and installed

just below the ceiling of a room. Every sprinkler has a small glass bulb
with a liquid in it. This bulb normally blocks the flow of water. In a fire,
the liquid in the bulb will become hot. It will then expand, and shatter
the glass bulb, removing the obstacle and causing water to spray from
the sprinkler. The main difference between a hydrant and a sprinkler is
that a sprinkler will come on automatically in a fire. A fire
hydrant has to be operated manually by trained firefighters - it
cannot be operated by laymen. A sprinkler will usually be activated
very quickly in a fire - possibly before the fire station has been
informed of the fire - and therefore is very effective at putting out a fire
in the early stages, before it grows into a large fire. For this reason, a
sprinkler system is considered very good at putting out fires before
they spread and become unmanageable.
Common causes of fire
 Cooking equipment
 Heating
 Smoking in bedrooms
 Electrical equipment
 Candles
 Curious children
 Faulty wiring
 Barbeques
 Flammable liquids
 Lighting
 Spark from oven
 Careless throwing of burning cigarettes or bidi end
 Naked lamp
 Electric shock circuit
 Burning charcoal
 Smoldering fuel
 Misfiring of engine
 Bursting of stove
 Over heating of electric appliances.