SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF WOMEN ON REPUBLIC ACT 9262 OR THE VIOLENCE

AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of Sampaguita National

High School

Research Adviser:

Mr. Alfred C. Abella

Researchers:

Rachelle A. Reyes

Domingo B. Delos Reyes III

Cristina T. Cafirma

Azzhaira Jhoy V. Racadio

Sheryl Joy I. Rosquita

Genevieve M. Verdadero

Janet P. Edillo

Krisha Mae U. Paguila

2023
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Violence against women and children is a serious public

health concern, with costs at multiple level of society. Although

violence is a threat to everyone, women and children are

particularly susceptible to victimization because they often have

fewer rights or lack appropriate means of protection. In someone

society certain types of violence are deemed socially or legally

acceptable, thereby contributing further to the risk to women and

children. One in three women worldwide experience physical or

sexual violence, mostly by an intimate partner. Violence against

women and children is a human rights violation and the immediate

and long term physical, sexual, and mental consequences for women

and children can be devastating including death.

According to Clores et al.(2008) Statistical Report, the

commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCFRW), Violence

Against Women (VAW) cases in the Philippines rose to 21 percent

from the 2007 report. With the implementation of the Republic Act

9262 (RA 9262) or the Anti-Violence Against Women and Children

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Act of 2004, it is alarming that the number of violations against

women’s rights did not decrease and has in fact risen.

The Republic Act 9262, or the Anti-Violence Against Women

and Children Act of 2004, is a result of the vibration advocacy

on women’s human rights in the country. The Anti-VAWC Law held

much promise for women suffering from physical, psychological and

sexual abuse from their husbands, boyfriends or girlfriends.

However, the stories of abuse by intimate partners presented by

women survivors who came to government and non-government

facilities are grim reminders that it is one thing to have a law

and another thing to diligently implement its provisions in order

to protect women from violence and uphold their rights.

The research aims to enhance and to heighten the knowledge

of the different rights of women and children. From observation,

it shows that not all women has a knowledge about RA 9262 which

guide and help them when violence arises. Subject municipalities

were chosen because of the significant number of cases committed

against women and children. Furthermore, this study aims to

determine the women’s awareness on Republic Act 9262, the Anti-

Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004 in the

selected barangays of Solana, Cagayan. More specifically, to

describe the profile of the respondents; assess the awareness of

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
RA 9262 in the selected barangays of Solana, Cagayan with regards

to the acts of violence, kind of violence and penalties; test the

difference in the awareness of RA 9262 when respondents were

grouped according to profile variables; and propose an action

plan to increase the level of awareness of the community

regarding RA 9262.

The researcher will conduct this study to determine the

level of awareness of women on Violence against women and

children, we find out that there are some women who get used to

violence against their partner, to address the prevalence of

violence against women and also to ensure the knowledge and

awareness about their protection and law.

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Conceptual Framework

Violence against women is one of the most frequent human

rights violations. It is a threat to women’s lives, it puts their

physical and psychological health at risk, and it is a threat to

the well-being of their children, with consequences for the whole

community. The perpetrators can be found in every social and

economic milieu, and the majority of them are male. The reason:

In societies shaped by patriarchy, violence against women is an

expression of unequal power relationships between men and women.

So the causes of this violence are to be found not only in the

individual level but also, and particularly, at the structural

level. These causes need to be eliminated in order to prevent

further violence. Gender justice cannot be established unless

misogynist structures are resolved. Only then will women and

children be able to live a live free of violence.

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Paradigm of the Study

INPUT PROCESS
OUTPUT

1.Profile of the •Assessment and

analysis and data •Determine level
respondents in of awareness of
terms of: gathered
women on RA 9262
or the Violence
1.1. Age Against Women and
Children
1.2. Civil
Status

1.3. Highest
Educational
Attainment

1.4. Number of
Children

2. Level of
awareness among
women

FEEDBACK
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1 shows the input-process-output (IPO) model as a

guide in conducting the study. The profile of respondents and

level of awareness among women (input) will be examined through

quantitative survey that will assess and analyze with the data

gathered in the respondents (process) which provide the level of

awareness of women on RA 9262 or the Violence Against Women and

Children (output) in the community of Barangay Sampaguita, Padul,

Pataya and Furagui.

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess the level of awareness of women on

Republic Act 9262 or the Violence Against Women and Children in

the selected barangays of Solana, Cagayan for the Calendar Year

2022.

Specifically, it seeks to assess the following:

1. What is the profile of respondents as to:

1.1 Age

1.2 Civil Status

1.3 Highest Educational Attainment

2. To what extent is the level of awareness of women on RA 9262

or the Violence Against Women and Children in terms of the

following:

2.1 Law Implementation

2.2 Rights and Protection

3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile

variables and their assessment on their level of awareness on RA

9262 or VAWC?
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the profile of

variables and their assessment on their level of awareness on RA

9262 or VAWC.

Significant of the Study

This study focuses on the level of awareness of women on

violence against women and children.

Community • It will give benefit to the community of Solana

that has important in the women modification of their own

practices on women and children care.

Women • This research will help the women so that we may

inform them to the level of awareness on Republic Act 9262 and to

prevent and as well stop the occurrence of physical, sexual and

mental violence.

Researcher • The result of this study will provide

subsequent researcher on the awareness level among women

respondents.
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Future Researchers • Can use this study as basis if ever

they will decide to create a research study which has a

connection with our research, this could serve as a platform for

them to start their study.

Scope and Delimitation of the study

This study focuses on determining the level of awareness of

women on Violence Against Women and Children in the Calendar Year

2022-2023. In this study, the researchers limits its respondents

to selected women aged 20 to 45 and above who are resident in

selected barangays of Solana, Cagayan which is Sampaguita, Padul,

Pataya and Furagui for they are easily accessible. The sampling

method to be used in selecting the respondents is total

enumeration. The instrument that will be utilized in this study

will be adopted questionnaire from _____ entitled _______.

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Definition of Terms

Violence Against Women and Children (VAWC) • it refers to

any act or series of acts committed by any person against a women

who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom the

person has or had a sexual or dating relationship.

Physical Violence • it refers to an act that include bodily

or physical harm.

Sexual Violence • it refers to an act which is sexual in

nature, committed against women or children.

Mental Violence • it refers to an any intentional conduct

that seriously impair another person’s psychological integrity

through threats or any act which causes psychological harm to an

individual.
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter present the related literature of the study

that are inclusive in the better understanding of the problem,

its nature, concerns and issues. This section deals in particular

with such concepts as empowerment, affecting participation and

other related topics that are related to the study.

According to the 2017 National Demographic and Health Survey

conducted by the Statistics Authority, Violence Against Women

(VAW) appears as one of the country’s pervasive problems, one of

four Filipino women age 15-20 above has experienced physical,

emotional or sexual violence by their husband or partner. It is

needed alarming that despite efforts to address the concern, VAW

persists. VAW is deemed to be closely linked with the unequal

power relation between women and men otherwise known as “gender

based violence”. Societal norms and traditions dictate people to

think men are more powerful than women.

According to Gracia-Moreno et al, in a mixed method research

reported violence as an important factor of poor mental health in

women across countries. Violence against women is associated with

a number of mental health problems including mood, anxiety, post-

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
traumatic stress and somatoform disorders. As defined by the UN

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (VAW) is

“any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely

to result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering

to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary

deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public and private

life. Gender-based violence is any violence inflicted on women

because of their sex.” According to Republic Act 9262 or Anti-

Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004, VAW is

“any act or a series of acts committed by any person against

woman who is his wife, former wife, or against a woman with whom

the person has or had sexual or dating relationship, or with whom

he has a common child, or against her child whether legitimate or

illegitimate, with or without the family abode, which result in

or is likely to result in physical, sexual, psychological harm or

suffering, or economic abuse including threats of such acts,

battery, assault, coercion, harassment or arbitrary deprivation

of liberty.”

(Mebaquioa 2018) The VAWC in barangays is cited by the PNP as

crucial support system for women who have experienced violence

and abuse. The Barangay VAWC Desk needs to be operational so that

women and children who have been assaulted can receive urgent
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
assistance. More often than not, victims in remote barangay find

it difficult to contact the PNP, but with a working VAWC desk,

victims will always have access to local authorities where they

can seek protection or quick aid. The aforementioned desk was

made operational by barangay officials, who provided qualified

staff, appropriate facilities, and sufficient funding to serve

the victims. The PNP urged the survivors to report any incidents

of abuse and violence. Ensured of the willingness of other

stakeholders to assist them, including the PNP Women and Children

Desk.

Womens’ Awareness on the Anti-Violence Against Women and

their Children of 2004 (RA 9262). This study aimed to determine

the Womens’ Awareness on RA 9262 or the Anti-Violence Against

Women and their Children Act in Barangay Washington in Surigao

City. This research sought to answer the level of awareness as to

Sexual, Psychological or Emotional, Physical and Economic Abuse

and also the significant difference when they grouped by age,

civil status, educational attainment and occupation. The

researcher utilized the descriptive survey design and

administered the tool to 227 women household resided in barangay

Washington. Based on the results of the study, the following

findings were formulated: As to profile, 47 (20.70) aged 26-30

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
years old; however, the least number was 56-60 years old with

four (1.76). As to civil status, married had 121 (53.30); while,

divorced had four (4) 1.76. As to educational attainment, college

graduate had 102 (44.93); while, vocational with 4 or (1.76). As

to occupation, majority was employed in public sector 97 (42.73).

As to level of awareness on RA 9262, participants were fully

aware of the provisions on Sexual Abuse (M: 3.31, SD: 0.91) and

aware on the provisions on Psychological and Emotional, Physical,

and Economic Abuse. As to significant difference, when

participants were grouped by age, there was significant

difference on Physical Abuse (p-value 0.017); however, no

significant difference on the provisions on Sexual,

Psychological/emotional abuse, and Economic Abuse. As to Civil

Status, there was no significant difference on the provisions on

Sexual, Psychological or Emotional Abuse, Physical, and Economic.

As to Educational attainment, there was significant difference on

Sexual Abuse (p-value 0.004); however, no significant difference

on the provisions of Psychological or emotional, Physical and

Economic Abuse. As to occupation, there was no significant

difference on the provisions on Sexual, Psychological or

Emotional, Physical and Economic Abuse. Based on the findings of

the study, the conclusions were drawn. In brgy. Washington, the

women citizens were fully aware on RA 9262 (Anti-Violence against

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Women and Children) on the provisions of Physical Abuse because

they knew that there were corresponding punishments against any

person who committed sexual abuse and most reported cases as to

records were related to sexual abuse. So assistance by way of

giving advice was provided. However, they were only aware on the

provisions on Psychological or Emotional Abuse, Physical and

Economic, even if the barangay and CSWD had documented symposiums

conducted; related to these were rarely reported to barangay and

to CSWD. Recommendations were: Local Government Unit particularly

the City Welfare Development Program in coordination with the

barangay officials should ensure that the citizens fully

understand the law particularly on Psychological and Emotional,

Physical and Economic Abuse by conducting symposiums during

barangay gatherings or activities.

(Yoskioka et al., 2020) In the province of Laguna, the VAWC

cases increase from 539 in 2014, 581 in 2015, 446 in 2016 to

1,022 in 2017 (Mortel & Balahadia, 2019). Although there is a law

protecting the welfare of women and children, there is always a

question of the level of awareness regarding the content and

implementation of R.A. 9262. According to the study of Santiago

and Aya (2014), the selected homemakers in the municipalities of

Palawans were moderately ware of the provisions of RA 9262.

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Moreover, in the study of Panerio and Albay, they found out that

the City of Digos in the province of Davao Del Sur is also

moderately aware of the provisions of R.A. 9262. Additionally,

some studies in the Philippines also measured the awareness of

male respondents on Republic Act 9262 and based on the survey of

San Juan et al. (2017), the male respondents in Tanay Rizal were

“aware” of the general information of R.A. 9262 but lack in-depth

understanding. The 2017 Philippines National Demographic and

Health Survey (DHS), a national representative, cross-sectional

survey of women and girls aged 15 to 49, provided the

information. Intimate Partner Violence was reported by 23.9

percent of those in current relationships. 11.2 percent thought

it was acceptable for a husband or partner to hit or beat their

wife. 10.5 percent said they could not say no to sex with their

spouse, and 20.4 percent said they could not say no to sex with

their partner.

(Antolin, 2021) Violence Against Women and Children The

United Nations defines as VAWC as “any” gender-based violence

against women, whether in public or private life, the causes or

is likely to inflict physiological, sexual, or psychological pain

or suffering to women, including threats, coercion, or arbitrary

deprivation of liberty. Gender-based violence is any form of

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
violence directed towards women based on their sex (WHO, 2021).

VAWC is a grave public health concern with multiple impacts on

women’s mental, physical, and reproductive health (Boeckel et

al., 2014; Devries et al., 2010; Devrieset al., 2013; Ellsberg et

al., 2008; Maman et al., 2000; StӦckl et al., 2013). It is any

act of violence in intimate partner and children that resulting

to physical, sexual, psychological harm, and economic (United

Nations’ General Assembly Declaration of the Elimination on

Violence against Women resolution 48/104 of December 1993).

According to the Daily Tribune Philippines (2021), violence

against women happens in one out of every four Filipinas. The

percentage of men being the perpetrator is 98%. This evidence

supports that in the situation of abuse between men and women,

women most of the time are the victims of violence. Violence

against women can occur even in the most intimate environment. It

can happen inside the family. According to the recorded data of

Philippine National Police, live-in partner or spouse is the most

common perpetrator of violence against women with 37% from the

total of 22,561. It strengthens the data for Republic Act 9262.

In Filipino contexts, males are always dominant. It is an

inherited culture of Filipinos that men are superior over women.

This belief can result the gender inequality. Perpetrators of

violence against women are commonly intimate male partners.

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Cross-cultural studies have cited that male control over wealth

and decision making within the family and marital conflicts as

strong predictions of abuse. Gender inequality contributes to

thinking that women are weaker and less capable than men are.

Women were not given the same opportunity as men thus resulting

to violence against women.

Chapter 3
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Methodology

This chapter contains the discussion of the research design,

research respondents, data analysis, research instrument, and

data gathering procedure.

Research Design

The assessment and analysis of data gathering of level of

awareness of women regarding RA 9262 also known as the Anti-

Violence Against Women and Children and the survey method was

employed to generate the needed information of the study.

Respondents
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
The respondents of this study is the community residents of

women in barangay Padul ,Pataya, Furgi, Sampaguita

There will be 120 respondents in the study.

RESPONDENT

Padul - 30

Pataya – 30

Furagui - 30

Sampaguita - 30
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Data Analysis

The following statistical tools will be used for the

analyzation of the data that will be gathered. Frequency and

percentage counts will be use to analyze the profile variables of

the barangay officials – respondents. Weighted mean will also

utilized to assess the degree of women, community respondents,

and barangay police. It will be further analyzed using 3-point

Likert scale below:

3 2.34 – 3.00 Very Aware (VA)

2 1.67 – 2.33 Aware (A)
1 1.00 – 1.66 Not Aware (NA)

Furthermore to test the significant relationship between the

profile variables of the Barangay Officials, Community

Respondents, SK, and Barangay Police, and their level of

awareness on VAWC they implemented.

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will prepare the questionnaire and the

letter allowing the researchers to conduct the study. The

researchers will seek permission from the Barangay Officials,

community residents, SK, and Barangay Police of Barangay Pataya.

The researchers will personally distributed the questionnaire

following the health protocols. The researchers will immediately

explain the confidentially of the data gathered to the

respondents of the study. An immediate retrieval or questionnaire

will be done after the respondents have answered it.

Table 1 shows the profile of the respondents in terms of

age, civil status, educational attainment, monthly family income.

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Findings revealed that majority of the respondents were 25-65

years old, single with a live-in partner, has 0-3 children, high

school graduates with less than 5,000 Philippine pesos monthly

family income. The table also shows that majority of the

respondents have acquired their awareness on intimate partner

violence in RA 9262 from television. Most of the respondents

expressed that they have acquired awareness on intimate partner

violence from watching television.

Health Education is a process whereby knowledge, attitude

and practice of people are changed to improve individual, family

and community health. Health education is a basic health service

and every member of the health team shares responsibility in

providing health education. The sequence of steps in health

education includes creating awareness, motivation and decision

making action to practice health services. Information refers to

the provision of knowledge; Communication involves the exchange

of information. Education constitutes the change in knowledge,

attitude and skills. Health education makes use of supplementary

aids and devices. These educational materials are aids to a

cooperative health program and helps verbal instructions such as:

leaflets, brochure, comic handouts, flyers, audio-visual aids,

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
bulletin boards, billboards, posters, streamers, radio,

television, and multi-media presentation (Reyala 2000)

Table 1. Profile of the respondents

Variables F %
Age
18-25 (young adult)
25-65 (adult)
Total
Civil status
Single with live-in
partner
Married
Separated
Number of children
0-3
4-6
7-9
Total
Educational
attainment
Elementary level
Elementary graduate
High school level
High school graduate
College level
College graduate
Total
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Monthly family
income
Less than 5,000
Philippine pesos
5,001-10,000
Philippine pesos
10,001-20,000
Philippine pesos
More than 20,000
Philippine pesos
Total
Sources of IEC
Television
Radio
Print Media
Social Networking
Table 2 presents the awareness of the residents on intimate

partner violence in RA 9262. The respondents were less aware on

the following indicators: (1) Any victim who suffers from BWS

should be diagnosed by a psychiatric expert or a clinical

psychologist. This will also help the victim in obtaining a just

decision in her case; (2) If the courts have proven that the

offender is guilty of the crime, he may be imprisoned and will be

obliged to pay a ne in the amount of not less than One

hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) but not more than three

hundred thousand pesos (Php300,000.00); (3) It is acknowledged

that women who have retaliated against their partners or who

commit violence as a form of self-defense may have suffered from

battered women syndrome (BWS); (4) The offender will be obliged

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
to undergo mandatory psychological counseling or psychiatric

treatment and shall report compliance to the court; (5)

Battered women syndrome refers to a scientifically defined

pattern of psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women

living in battering relationships as a result of cumulative

abuse.

Many women who have experienced IPV develop a recognized

pattern of psychological symptoms called battered women syndrome.

These symptoms are usually transient but are observed in a

recognizable pattern in women who have been physically, sexually,

or seriously psychologically abused by their partner. Components

of battered women syndrome are consistent with PTSD. It is usual

for abused women to experience flashbacks to the violent

incidents, and when the intrusive memories are too overwhelming.

The statistics and consequences of violence and abuse require

nurses to prepare for collaboration necessary to the

coordination of effective interventions with victims and

perpetrators of violence and abuse (Antai-Otong,

2003).Furthermore, the table illustrated that the respondents

have less awareness on the protection and relief granted to

victims of IPV as well as the penalty for the perpetrator and the

mandatory psychiatric or psychological treatment that an abuser

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
must undergo according to the Republic Act 9262. This implies

that awareness on IPV on the Republic Act 9262 needs to be

strengthened further. According to Rebullida (2002), awareness of

a Republic Act will only be obtained by way of mass media,

conferences, and seminars, referrals, and information relayed

through individuals and non-government institutions.

Table 2. Awareness on intimate partner violence in RA 9262

Indicators Weighted Interpret-
Mean ation
1. The law seeks to address the
prevalence of violence against

women and children (VAWC), abuses on

women and their children by their
intimate partners like husband or ex-
husband,

live-in partner or ex-live in partner,

boyfriend/girlfriend or ex-

boyfriend/ex-girlfriend, dating partner

or ex-dating partner
2.Violence against women and
children(VAWC) is classified as a
public crime.
3. Violence against women and children
(VAWC) refers to any

act or a series of acts committed by

any person against a woman

who is his wife, former wife, or

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

against a woman with whom

the person has or had a sexual or

dating relationship, or with whom he
has a common child, or against her
child whether legitimate or
illegitimate, within or without the
family abode, which result in or is
likely to result in physical, sexual,
psychological harm or suffering, or
economic abuse including threats

of such acts, battery, assault,

coercion, harassment or arbitrary

deprivation of liberty.
4. Physical violence refers to acts
that include bodily or physical harm.
5. Sexual violence refers to an act
which is sexual in nature, committed
against a woman or her child. It
includes , but is not limited to: Rape,
sexual harassment, acts of
lasciviousness, treating a woman or her
child as a sex object, making demeaning
and sexually suggestive remarks,

physically attacking the

sexual parts of the victim’s body,

forcing her/him to watch ob-

scene publications and indecent shows,

forcing the woman or her child to do
indecent acts and/or make films
thereof, forcing the wife and
mistress/lover to live in the conjugal
home or sleep together in the same room
with the abuser;
6. Sexual violence includes but is not
limited to acts causing or attempting
to cause the victim to engage in any
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
sexual activity by force, threat of
force,physical or other harm or threat
of physical or other harm or coercion;
7. Sexual violence includes
prostituting the woman or child.
8. Psychological violence refers to
acts or omissions causing or likely to
cause mental or emotional suffering of
the victim such as but not limited to
intimidation, harassment, stalking,
dam-age to property, public ridicule or
humiliation, repeated verbal abuse and
mental infidelity;
9. Psychological violence includes
causing or allowing the victim to
witness the physical, sexual or
psychological abuse of a member of the
family to which the victim belongs, or
to witness pornography in any form or
to witness abusive injury to pets, or
to unlawful or unwanted deprivation of
the right to custody and/or visitation
of common children;
10. Economic abuse refers to acts that
make or attempt to make a woman
financially dependent which includes,
but is not limited to the following:
withdrawal of financial support or
preventing the victim from engaging in
any legitimate profession, occupation,
business or activity, except in
cases wherein the other spouse/partner
objects on valid, serious and moral
grounds as defined in Article 73 of the
Family Code:
11. Economic abuse includes deprivation
or threat of deprivation of financial
resources and the right to the use and
enjoyment of the conjugal, community or
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
property owned in common;
12. Economic abuse includes destroying
household property;
13. Economic abuse includes controlling
the victim’s own money or properties or
solely controlling the conjugal money
or properties;
14. A dating relationship refers to a
situation wherein the parties live as
husband and wife without the benefit of
marriage or are romantically involved
over time and on a continuing basis
during the course of the relationship;
15. Sexual relations refer to a
single sexual act which may or may
not result in the bearing of a common
child;
16. Women are allowed to secure
village protection order and/or
temporary or permanent protection order
from the courts;
17. Women can also filean independent
civil action for damages and criminal
action for the violation of RA 9262;
18. A Protection Order is prescribed
in the Anti-VAWC Act to prevent further
abuse of or violence against a woman.
It also provides her relief from the
said abuse or violence;
19. The relief granted under a
protection order serves the purpose of
safeguarding the victim from further
harm, minimizing any disruption in the
victim’s daily life, and facilitating
the opportunity and ability of the
victim to independently regain control
over her life. The provisions of the
protection order shall be enforced by
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
law enforcement agencies:
20. Anyone of the following may also
file the protection order in behalf
of the victim/s: Parent or
guardian; grandparents, children and
grandchildren; relatives (aunts,
uncles, cousins, in-laws); local
officials and DSWD social workers;
police, lawyers, councilors, punong
village or village kagawad; therapists
and health care providers (nurses,
doctors, village health workers); any
two people who come from the city or
municipality where VAWC happened and
who have personal knowledge of the
crime;
21. It is acknowledged that women who
have retaliated against their partners
or who commit violence as a form of
self defense may have suffered from
battered women syndrome (BWS);
22. Battered women syndrome refers to a
scientifically defined pattern of
psychological and behavioral symptoms
found in women living in battering
relationships as a result of cumulative
abuse;
23. Any victim who suffers from BWS
should be diagnosed by a psychiatric
expert or a clinical psychologist. This
will also help the victim in obtaining
a just decision in her case;
24. If the courts have proven that the
offender is guilty of the crime, he
may be imprisoned and will be obliged
to pay a fine in the amount of not
less than One hundred thousand pesos
(Php100,000.00) but not more than three
hundred thousand pesos (Php300,000.00);
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
25. The offender will be obliged to
undergo mandatory psychological
counseling or psychiatric treatment and
shall report compliance to the court.
Grand Mean

Table 3 reveals that there was a significant relationship

between the sources of IEC materials and level of awareness of

the respondents Continuation of Table 1 on IPV. The relationship

was moderately positive. This is supported by Bandura who

postulated that behavior occurs as a result of the interplay of

cognitive and environmental factors (Antai-Otong 2003). Bandura

further explains that learning occurs by simply observing and

that one of the basic models of observational learning is the

symbolic model, which involves real or fictional characters

displaying behaviors in books, films, television programs, or

online media (Gordon 2001). Similarly, according to health belief

model, cues to action are also modifying factors and are provided

by activities such as mass media campaigns, advice from others,

and literature such as newspaper or magazine article. The

likelihood of taking a recommended preventive health action is

thus a composite of individual perceptions and modifying factors

(Taylor 2005).
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Variable Value Approx. Sig Interpretation

Age and Phi

level of
awareness
Cramer’s V

Contingency
Coefficient
Civil statu Phi
and level
of
awareness Cramer’s V

Contingency
Coefficient
Family size Phi
and level
of
awareness Cramer’s V

Contingency
Coefficient
Highest Phi
education
attainment
and level Cramer’s V
of
awareness Contingency
Coefficient
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Monthy Phi
income and
level of
awareness Cramer’s V

Contingency
Coefficient
Source of Phi
information
and level
of Cramer’s V
awareness
Contingency
Coefficient

RECOMMENDATIONS

In conclusion, residents of Looc, Mandaue City were aware of

the Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Law. Sources

of IEC influenced their level of awareness on Intimate partner

violence in RA 9262. The researchers recommend the following:

continuing education on economic abuse and battered women

syndrome; continuous determination of incidence of intimate

partner violence

JPAIR: Multidisciplinary Journal80in the community; enforce

programs for women that includes increasing training and

opportunities to improve self-esteem and negotiating skills;

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
deliver assistance for clients to find opportunities for

employment and to conduct skills and development programs for

women to improve their talents and abilities; and, promote

advocacy that includes referrals to social services and community

agencies.