NAME : TALHA

CLASS : BSCS ( 7 th semester – Morning )

ROLL NUMBER : BCS19-024

SUBMITTED TO : Sir Aleem Awan

MOTHERBOARD AND ITS COMPONENTS

 MOTHERBOARD
A motherboard is the main printed circuit board in general-
purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication
between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central
processing unit and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals.
The motherboard is the backbone that ties the computer's components
together at one spot and allows them to talk to each other. Without it, none of the
computer pieces, such as the CPU, GPU, or hard drive, could interact. Total
motherboard functionality is necessary for a computer to work.

 COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD

 CPU Socket
 Memory Slots
 CMOS Battery
 ISA / PCI Slots
 Power Connectors
 Chip set
 Graphical Devices
 Back Panels
 Memory Slots
 A memory slot, memory socket, or RAM slot allows RAM
(computer memory) to be inserted into the computer. Most motherboards have two to
four memory slots, which determine the type of RAM used with the computer.
In computers, a slot, or expansion slot, is an engineered technique for adding
capability to a computer in the form of connection pinholes (typically, in the range of
16 to 64 closely-spaced holes) and a place to fit an expansion card containing the
circuitry that provides some specialized capability, such as video.

 CPU Sockets

In computer hardware, a CPU socket or CPU slot contains one or more

mechanical components providing mechanical and electrical connections between a
microprocessor and a printed circuit board. This allows for placing and replacing the
central processing unit without soldering.
A CPU socket for an industrial computer is the physical connection
between a computer processor and an industrial grade motherboard. A CPU socket
uses hundreds, or even thousands of metal pins as contact points to allow power and
data to be passed between the CPU and the motherboard.

 CMOS Battery

CMOS Battery gives 'backup power' to CMOS (Complementary Metal

Oxide Semiconductor) of a computer to keep some parameter values, eg: RTC (Real
Time Clock). These primary parameters shall be used when the system gets booted
again. Many computers use CMOS memory to hold current time and date.
The CMOS is a physical part of the motherboard: it is a memory chip that
houses setting configurations and is powered by the onboard battery. The CMOS
is reset and loses all custom settings in case the battery runs out of energy,
Additionally, the system clock resets when the CMOS loses power.

 ISA/PCI/AGP Slots
It is a computer bus which is the product of IBM computers and they
produced it in early 1980’s. it is compatible with the IBM made personal computers.
About six devices can be connected with it.
 It is a conventional slot which is installed in the computer to attach the
hardware devices with the computer. Typical PCI slots which are normally used in the
computer include the USB, sound card and modems etc.

It is a very high-speed advanced point to point slot which is usually

used to attach a video card to the computer’s mother board to enhance the quality of
the video which is being played on the computer. it is usually used in the 3d
computers or gaming computers.

 Power Connectors

Components of an electrical circuit are electrically connected if an electric

current can run between them through an electrical conductor.
Power connectors are devices that allows an electrical current to pass
through it for the exclusive purpose of providing power to a device.

 Chipsets

In a computer system, a chipset is a set of electronic components in one or

more integrated circuits known as a "Data Flow Management System" that manages
the data flow between the processor, memory and peripherals. It is usually found on
the motherboard.
It's the traffic controller between the CPU, GPU, RAM, storage, and
peripherals. Experts have referred to it as the “glue” of the motherboard. The chipset
is basically the electronics on the motherboard that communicate with all the
connected components.

 Graphical Devices

A graphics device is something where you can make a plot appear. Examples
include

 A window on your computer (screen device)

 A PDF file (file device)
 A PNG or JPEG file (file device)

 Back Panels
 The back panel is the portion of the motherboard that lets you connect
external devices, such as your monitor, speakers, keyboard, and mouse.

The Back Panel PCB is similar to a personal computer's motherboard.

It contains connection slots for expansion boards and allows for communications
between all connected boards.