The electrical system is roughly classified into the • Accessory Circuit:

main circuit, control circuit, and monitor circuit. Works with the key switch placed in the ACC
position.
• Main circuit:
Related to circuit for the engine and accessories. • Preheat Circuit:
Helps start the engine in cold weather.
• Control circuit: (Key Switch, QOS Controller, Glow relay, Glow
The control circuit of the engine, hydraulic pump, plugs)
and valves (including actuators such as solenoid
valves, MC (Main Controller), switch box, sensors, • Starting Circuit:
and pressure switches, and so on). Starts the engine.
(Key Switch, Starter, Starter Relay)
• Monitor circuit:
This circuits indicates machine operating condi- • Charging Circuit:
tions. (The circuits consisting of the monitors, sen- Recharges batteries and supplies electricity to the
sors, and switches, and soon). system.
(Alternator, Regulator)

In this group, the main functions and construction of • Surge Voltage Prevention Circuit:
the main circuit are explaned. Prevents surge voltage from occurring when the
engine is stopped.
• Electric Power Circuit: (Anti Load Dump Relay)
Supplies electric power to all electric system on this
machine. • Engine Stop Circuit:
(Key Switch, Batteries, Fuses (Fuse Box and Fu- Stops the engine with the EC motor
sible links), Battery Relay) (MC, EC Motor).

• Bulb Check Circuit:

Checks for blown warning lights and indicator bulbs
on monitor.

  

               

          
 !

The battery negative terminal is grounded to the

vehicle. Current from the positive terminal flows as
follows with the key switch OFF.

→ Glow Relay (Power Source)

→ Key switch B
→ Anti Load Dump Relay (R3)

Battery ⇒ Fusible 40A

Terminal 1 - Radio (Backup Power Source)
→ Fuse box → Monitor (Backup Power Source)
Terminal 2 - MC (Power Source)
Terminal 3 - MC (EC Motor)

Key Switch

Batteries

Anti Load Fuse

Dump Box
Relay (R3)

Glow
•
" # $

Relay
Fuse Box

REGULATOR

Radio, Monitor

MC (Power Source)

MC (EC Motor)

SM6018

   


%   % &      

' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 
2

When the key switch is turned to the ON position, key

switch terminal B connects with key switch terminals
M and ACC.
The current from terminal M excites the battery relay.
Then, the battery power is routed to the monitor
through the battery relay and the fuse box, turning the
warning lights and indicators on (for bulb check).

Key Switch

Batteries

Battery
Relay
Fuse
Box

" # $

• Fuse Box

REGULATOR

Monitor

SM6019

   3

4  5 5   6     

         
5 4 !

When the key switch is turned to the ACC position, to each accessory circuit such as the horn, radio,
terminal ACC is connected to terminal B in the key cigar lighter, room lamp, and to the auxiliary circuit to
switch. operate them.
Then, the battery current flows through the fuse box

   7

Key Switch

Batteries

Fuse
Box

Horn
Radio, Room Lamp

Cigar Lighter

" # $

Fuse
Box
REGULATOR

Rotary bucket and

Load Moment alarm (opt)
Nordic kit (opt)

SM6020

   8

   &  4      

          
 9 : ; 5  4   !

When the key switch is turned to the ON or START terminal #4 is grounded, glow plug relay comes ON,
position, the key switch terminal B is connected to so that the glow plugs are heated.
terminal M in the key switch. After flowing through the
fuse box, the current from terminal G1 magnetizes the Terminal #6 of QOS controller grounds to vehicle for
glow relay, operates the monitor, and lights the pre- 8 seconds while preheat, therefore glow signal is ON.
heat indicator. (When preheat is not done, glow signal is ON for 0.3
seconds to check the blown bulb.)
The current from the terminal M flows to terminal #1
of QOS controller via the fuse #20. 

Coolant temperature switch becomes OFF



When the coolant temperature switch and pressure when coolant temperature is less than 10 °C (50 °F).
switch are OFF, QOS controller allows to preheat the Pressure switch becomes OFF when lock lever is in
engine for approx. 30 seconds. When QOS controller lock position.

   <

Pressure QOS Controller Key Switch

Switch

Coolant
Temperature
Switch
To Monitor
(Glow
signal)
Batteries

•
Fuse
Box

" # $
Glow
Relay

REGULATOR

Glow Plugs

SM6021

   =

5  4    9 >     

         
5 5  4   !

? . @ A . ) A B ) C @ *  D ) A @ . - E F

When the key switch is turned to the START position,

terminal B on the key switch is connected to terminals,
M, and ST. The current from terminal M magnetizes • When the key switch is turned to the START
the battery relay, leading the battery current to termi- position, key switch terminal B and ST have conti-
nals B on the starter and starter relay via the battery nuity in the key switch. Then, the current flows to the
relay. base of transistor (Q2) via resistance R4 in the
Terminal ST of the key switch is connected to terminal starter relay, switching transistor (Q2) ON.
S on the starter relay so that the battery current flows Thereby, the current flows through coil (L) of relay,
through the coil in the starter relay, allowing the relay closing the circuit between starter terminals B and
to close the circuit. Then, the battery current can flow C. Then, the starter begins to rotate.
to terminal C on the starter, closing the inner starter • Once the engine is started, the alternator begins
relay. to charge the batteries so that the voltage at
Thereby, the starter begins to rotate. starter relay terminal R rises. When the voltage at
The current from terminal M flows to the MC, terminal R reaches 21 to 22 V, zener diode (Z)
instructing that the key switch is positioned at ON or comes ON. Accordingly, transistor (Q1) is switched
START. When this signal arrives at the MC, the MC ON so that the base current to transistor (Q2) is cut,
actuates the EC motor which moves the governor switching transistor (Q2) OFF. At this time, continu-
lever. ity between starter terminal B and C is opened.
Then, the starter is switched OFF.

Capacitor C1 shown in the figure is used to stabilize

the operating voltage. Diode D4 protects the circuit
from damage when the batteries are inversely
connected.

Starter Relay

S B
R4 D3
(1) L

C
R3 (2)
(1)
C
R2 Z D2
To Alternator R Q2 M B
Terminal R Q1
(2)
C1 C
Starter
E
D4

12V
B
ST Batteries

Key Switch 12V

SM4015

   G

Key Switch

Batteries

Battery
Relay
Starter Fuse
Box

Starter Relay

Fuse Box

To MC

Alternator

SM6022

    H

& 4  >  9 >     

         
5  9 !

After the engine starts and the key switch is released, generation. Current from terminal B on the alternator
the key switch is returned to the ON position. With the flows to the batteries through the battery relay re-
key switch kept ON, key switch terminal B is con- charging the batteries.
nected to terminals ACC and M. In addition, this current from Alternator terminal R
After the engine starts, the alternator begins power flows to the monitor to turn off the charge lamp.

Key Switch

Batteries

To
Battery Monitor
Relay

" # $

REGULATOR

Alternator

SM6023

    

   I    I
 : ; > ; J :

The alternator consists of field coil FC, stator coil SC, At first, the current does not flow to field coil FC.
and diodes D. When the rotor starts to rotate, alternating voltage is
The regulator consists of transistors T1 and T2, zener generated in stator coil SC due to residual magnetism
diode ZD, and resistors R1 and R2. in the rotor.
Thereby, the current starts to flow through field coil
Alternator terminal B is connected to: FC, magnetizing the rotor further and increasing
generating voltage.
B→L→RF→(R)→R1→Base B for Transistor T1 As generating voltage increases, the flowing current
through field coil FC is increased further, causing the
When the key switch BS is turned ON, the battery generating voltage to increase more. Thus, the batter-
voltage flows to base B for transistor T1 in the regu- ies are recharged.
lator, allowing current to flow from collector C to
emitter E.
Accordingly, field coil FC is grounded through transis-
tor T1.

Alternator Regulator
B L R

RF R3 R4 R5
(R)
BS
R6
D

ZD Monitor
R2
Batteries SC B

E
R1 C
T2
FC B
D1
C E

T1
(F)

(E)
E

SM4056

   

 K L M     I
 J : ;  N ; J :

When the generating voltage increases higher than Then, when the voltage to be applied to zener diode
the set voltage of zener diode ZD, the current from the ZD becomes lower than the set voltage of zener diode
alternator flows through the zener diode to base B for ZD, transistor T2 is turned OFF, turning transistor T1
transistor T2, connecting collector C to emitter E. ON again. Thus, the current is allowed to flow through
Accordingly, the current flowing through base B for field coil FC to increase the generating voltage by
transistor T1 is cut so that transistor T1 is turned OFF. stator coil SC. As this operation is repeated, the
Thereby, the current flowing through field coil FC is alternator generating voltage is maintained at the
cut, causing the SC generating voltage to decrease. specified level.

RF R3 R4 R5
BS

R6
ZD
R2
Batteries SC B
A E
C
T2
FC B
R1
C E

D1 T1
(F)

(E)
E

SM4057

    

5   >  O    4 >     O  9    9     

When the engine is stopped (key switch is OFF), the While the batteries are being recharged, the generat-
current from key switch terminal M is cut so that ing current from terminal R on the alternator is led to
battery relay is turned OFF. terminal #42 on the monitor, turning the output tran-
The engine does not stop immediately by the key sistor ON for terminal #18 on the monitor.
switch OFF, due to inertia and the alternator contin- Thereby, the battery current is supplied to the mag-
ues to generate electricity. Because the alternator netizing circuit for the anti load dump relay to close the
generating current dose not flow to the batteries, the anti load dump relay (R3).
surge voltage (Voltage rise) is developed in the cir- Accordingly, even if the key switch is turned OFF
cuit. This is the cause of failure of electrical parts and while the engine is running, the battery current can be
components. supplied through the anti load dump relay (R3) to
On account of this, the surge voltage prevention magnetize the battery relay, holding the battery relay
circuit has been provided. ON until the alternator stops generating.

Key Switch

Batteries
To Monitor
(#18)
Battery
To Monitor
Relay
(#42)
Fuse
Anti Load Box
Dump
Relay (R3)

" # $

REGULATOR

Alternator

SM6024

    3

 9 >  9  5        

         
5  !

When the key switch is turned from the ON position to Then, the MC moves the EC motor to the stop position
the OFF position, the signal instructing the MC that causing the engine to stop.
the key switch is ON is cut.

Key Switch

Batteries

Fuse
Box

Fuse Box

REGULATOR

MC (Power Source)

MC (EC Motor)

MC (Power ON Signal)

SM6025