23-1-2023 THE PROJECT

BUILDING TECNOLOGY II

Technical University of Cluj-Napoca

FACULTY OF CIVL ENGINEERING
 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
THE PROJECT

INFRASTRUCTURE
The infrastructure is represented by isolated foundations built under the columns. In
the foundation, it is observed that it has a type of concrete consisting of a mass
concrete, of 20 N/mm² of characteristic resistance, plastic consistency, maximum
aggregate size 20 mm. The vertical structure consists of reinforced concrete, 25
N/mm² characteristic strength, plastic consistency, maximum aggregate size 20 mm.
The slab, which is located -3.20 m, will also have the same type of concrete. In the
structure it will have some types of steel which are rebars of diameter 12 mm B 500 S.
Finally, in this process, we will use both waterproof insulation and acoustic and
thermal insulation.
The geotechnical characteristics of the soil are:
- Layer 1 - topsoil, from 0.00 m to -1.10 m
- Layer 2 - silty sand, from -1,10 m to -2,40 m
- Layer 3 - sandy gravel, from -2,10cm to -6,50 m
The natural ground level is -1.4 m and the bottom of the foundation is 4.60 m. In the
backfilling of the land, we will use the soil that we have previously excavated, taking
advantage of the leftover soil.
In the infrastructure the first step is to clean the site, then we will excavate the land
using an excavator to a depth of 0.2m. The next step will be to stake out the building
by adding the mechanical excavation to a depth of -4.60m.
After the excavation, we must flatten the ground as well as add the cleaning concrete
in order to level it well so that when we make the foundation it will have the same
height in all parts of the building. Next, we add the structure of the rebars and then
concrete the entire foundation. Finally, we add the protruding reinforcements for the
vertical structure and then form the formwork both manually and mechanically.

SUPERSTRUCTURES
The building will consist of a single-family house with a one-way slab of 25+5 cm (25
cm of ceramic vault + 5 cm of mesh) with beams and pillars of 30 x 30 cm with a
reinforced concrete of 20 N/mm² of characteristic resistance, plastic consistency,
maximum size of aggregate 20 mm with a rebar B 500 S 12 mm in diameter. The
facades will be a type of brick masonry wall composed of two parallel sheets with an
air chamber where the waterproof insulation is placed, with a thickness of 30 cm. The
interior partitions will have a partition wall with a thickness of 10 cm. The floor will be
finished with grey ceramic tiles. The roof will be a reverse non-trafficable roof with a
gravel finish.

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THE PROJECT

DIGGING VOLUME

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THE PROJECT

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 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
THE PROJECT

CHOOSING THE EQUIPMENT AND MACHINES FOR

INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPERSTRUCTURE
The machinery we usually use in construction for normal earth moving is:
- Gyro machines of different sizes, depending on the volume of earth to be
extracted and the accessibility and manoeuvrability of the machine to and
within the site.
- Mixed.
- Mini excavators.
- Trucks (earth or tubs as they are called on site).
To carry out this or these movements, from the vehicle that brings it to the site, to the
stockpile area, or from there to the pit; and depending on the size and height of the
site:
- Tower crane/s, or their simpler variants.
- Self-propelled crane
- Truck crane
- Forklift (widely used in removals).
- Aggregate transporter (rarely used in construction).
- Mini excavators.
- Dumper.
- Forklift
- Pallet truck.
- Forklifts.

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 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
THE PROJECT

DESIGN THE TECHNOLOGICAL SHEETS INFRASTRUCTURE AND

SUPERSTRUCTURE
CHAPTER 1: EARTHWORKS
1.1. Clearing and cleaning of the land, with mechanical means. This includes the
work necessary to remove from the areas planned for the building: small
plants, weeds, brushwood, fallen timber, rubble, rubbish or any other existing
material, to a depth of no less than the thickness of the topsoil layer,
considering a minimum of 25 cm; and loading onto a lorry.
1.2. Excavation of pits for foundations up to a depth of 3.2 m, in any type of
terrain, with mechanical means and truck loading.
1.3. Filling spread and tamped with opencast borrowed earth, by mechanical
means, in 30 cm. thick layers, until a degree of compaction of 95% of the
normal proctor is achieved, with the addition of earth, including watering of
the same and refining of slopes, and with a proportional part of auxiliary
means.
1.4. Transport of earth to the landfill site, at a distance of less than 15 km,
considering the round trip, with a machine-loaded dump truck, landfill truck,
and with a proportional part of auxiliary means, also considering the load.
1.5. Compaction of open-air land, by mechanical means, with the addition of earth,
including watering of the same, without defining the minimum degree of
compaction, and with a proportional part of auxiliary means.
CHAPTER 2: FOUNDATIONS
2.
2.1. Mass concrete HM-20/B/40/I, of 20 N/mm2., soft consistency, Tmax.40,
normal environment, made in the plant in the filling of footings and
foundation trenches, including the routing of pillars and walls, pouring by
manual means, vibrating, curing and placement.
2.2. Reinforced concrete foundation slab, made with HA-30/B/20/IIa+Qa concrete
manufactured in the plant, with MR cement, and poured with pump, and B
500 S steel, with an approximate amount of 85 kg/m³; smooth surface finish by
means of vibrating screed. Including reinforcement for the formation of
manholes, reinforcements, folds, joints, starts and waits in walls, stairs and
ramps, changes in level, binding wire and separators.
2.3. Assembly and dismantling of a two-sided formwork system with industrial type
finish for cladding, made with modular metal panels, amortisable in 150 uses,
for the formation of a reinforced concrete wall, up to 3 m high and with a flat
surface, for earth containment. Including wall penetrations for the passage of
the tensors, support, fixing and shoring elements necessary for its stability;
and liquid release agent to prevent the concrete from adhering to the
formwork.
2.4. Reinforced concrete basement wall, made with HA-30/B/20/IIa+Qa concrete
manufactured in the plant, with MR cement, and poured with pump, and B

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 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA
THE PROJECT

500 S steel, with an approximate amount of 50 kg/m³. Including tying wire and
spacers; rubber-based sealing device, with controlled expansion; and
subsequent coating with thixotropic single-component mortar, for
waterproofing sealing of the wall penetrations for the passage of the
formwork tensioners. With proportional part of exterior waterproofing
according to details and formation of ventilation openings.
CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURE
3.
3.1. Reinforcing concrete HA-25/B/20/I, of 25 N/mm2, soft consistency, Tmax. 20
mm, for normal environment, made in the plant, in pillars, in beams and
beams, including pouring with crane, vibrated, cured and placed.
3.2. Forming and stripping of pillars up to 3 m. high and 0.16 m2. section, with
metal sheets of 300x50 cm.
3.3. Formwork and stripping of beam formwork with 22 mm. pine wood boards,
considering 4 positions.
3.4. Slab 25+5 for spans up to 5 m., formed by pre-stressed concrete joists 60 cm.
apart, 50x50x25 polystyrene moulded vaults and 5 cm. compression layer, of
HA/25/B/20/I of 25 N/mm2 and soft consistency, maximum size 20 mm. and
normal environment, made in the plant, reinforcement of B 500 S steels.
3.5. Formation of stair steps with double hollow bricks 25x12x8 cm. received with
cement mortar CEM II/B-M 32,5 R and river sand 1/6, including repositioning
and cleaning, measured along its length.
CHAPTER 4: MASONRY
4.
4.1. External façade leaf of two leaves, 11.5 cm thick, of perforated ceramic
brickwork, for cladding, 24x11.5x10 cm, with horizontal and vertical joints 10
mm thick, received with cement mortar made on site, with 250 kg/m³ of
cement, grey colour, dosage 1:6, supplied in sacks. Lintel made with a
prestressed concrete self-supporting joist.
4.2. Interior façade leaf of two leaves, 7 cm thick, of double hollow ceramic brick
masonry, for cladding, 24x11x7 cm, with horizontal and vertical joints 10 mm
thick, received with industrial cement mortar, grey colour, M-5, supplied in
bulk. Reinforced masonry lintel of cut bricks for cladding, assembly and
disassembly of shoring. With proportional part of patching of pillars.
4.3. Interior partition leaf, 7 cm thick, of double hollow ceramic brick masonry, for
cladding, 24x11x7 cm, with horizontal and vertical joints 10 mm thick, received
with industrial cement mortar, grey colour, M-5, supplied in bulk, with elastic
band, made of flexible band of closed-cell cross-linked polyethylene foam, 10
mm thick and 110 mm wide, thermal resistance 0.25 m²K/W, thermal
conductivity 0.04 W/(mK) and dynamic stiffness 57.7 MN/m³, fixed to the slabs
and to the joints with other vertical elements with plaster paste. Including
formation of openings, lintels, ventilation ducts and necessary patching.

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THE PROJECT

TECHNOLOGY FLOW LIST AND SECTOR DIVISION FOR

INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUPERSTRUCTURE

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THE PROJECT

DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF THE FORMWORK

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 NTL: -1,40

-4,60
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

Z1

P7 P8 P9
P6 P10

Z4 Z5

Z6

P12

P11 P13

Z7
Z8

Z9

P14 P15 P16

SCALE: Nº PLANE:
Technical University of BUILDING TECNOLOGY II Diomara Mañas
EARTHWORKS
Cluj-Napoca THE PROJECT Cardenas 1/150 01
 P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P9, P11, P13 AND P15

15
45 60 60

60
>3 m

30

50
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
23

4X1∅12
30

23

6
15
3∅12c/22
30 3∅6

15
2∅12c/22

Z1

P7 AND P12

1,20
60 60 60 60
P7 P8 P9
P6 P10
1,20
Z4 Z5

30

50

4X1∅12
23

30

23

6
Z6

15

15
3∅12c/22 3∅12c/22 30 3∅6

P12

P11 P13

Z7 Pillar assembly Pillar assembly

Z8
Concrete joint,
rough, clean and moistened
Pillar Pillar
before concreting
Z9

Centring beam

P14 P15 P16

0.50

0.20
0.10
0.20 0.20
0.23
Cleaning concrete
Lower arming
Grill support shims

Compacted base

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FOUNDATIONS
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 1

3.69 2.00 2.60 2.00 4.60 2.00 1.56

0.95
2.00

6.41

6.46
2 2
1

3.87
Kitchen - Living room -
Dining room
146.67 m²

0.61
0.80 16
Bathroom 01

2.15
6.49 m²
1.57

3.00
17
Bathroom 02
0.80

2.05
6.17 m²
1.35

2.63
4.59 4.49

14
5.86

Guest bedroom
16.16 m² 15
3.88

2.50
Guest bedroom
15.79 m²

0.64
1.40 2.00 2.44 2.50 0.74 1.88 2.00 2.17 2.00 1.32

1 1 2. Ground Floor
A103 1 : 100

SCALE: Nº PLANE:
Technical University
BUILDING Diomara Mañas
of GROUND FLOOR 03
TECNOLOGY II Cardenas 1/150
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9.08 9.52

1.10
3.89 2.00 3.20

7 8

3.15
Dress Bathroom 03

4.27
5.38 m² 8.51 m²

2.50
6
Master bedroom
20.92 m²

1.00
2 2
1.24

0.73
1.00

0.59 0.61 1.00

2.30
15.84

10 9
5.40

3.00
4.10

Bathroom 04 Distributor
8.00 m² 65.73 m²

2.20 1.19 1.00 4.69

3.03
1.00

2.22
0.87

4.59
124.49
11
Bedroom 02

2.50
2.96
2.50

Bedroom 01 11.85 m²
12.12 m²

0.24
0.23

9.08 9.53

1 1 3. Frist Floor
A104 1 : 100

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Technical University
BUILDING Diomara Mañas
of FIRST FLOOR 04
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0.30 1.00
6.00 4. Cover

2.70
3.00 3. Frist Floor

1.10 0.30 1 Horizontal Section

A101 1 : 100
0.300.80 0.80

0.00 2. Ground Floor

2.20

-2.50 1. Basement
0.400.700.30

0.30 1.00
6.00 4. Cover

0.53
2.17
3.00 3. Frist Floor

0.30
2.70
0.00 2. Ground Floor

0.30
2.20
-2.50 1. Basement

0.30
2 Cross Section
A101 1 : 100
1

Nº PLANE:
Technical University BUILDING TECNOLOGY Diomara SCALE:

of II SECTIONS Mañas 05
1/150
Cluj-Napoca THE PROJECT Cardenas